beach dynamics and naturalized coastal planning...high wind speed during storms ... revetments that...
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BEACH DYNAMICS ANDNATURALIZED COASTAL PLANNING
Sara KellnerMiller Engineers & Scientists
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS
Image Courtesy of USGSMiller Engineers & Scientists
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WHAT ARE “BEACH DYNAMICS”?
Natural reshaping by: Fluctuating water levels High wind speed during storms Dune grass trapping sand Redistribution by waves Erosion of land Littoral drift
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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WATER LEVELS AND SAND MOVEMENT
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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LOW WATER LEVEL – WIDE BEACH
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RISING WATER LEVEL – BEACH NARROWS
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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HIGH WATER LEVEL - BEACH ERODES
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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DEEP WATER WAVE HEIGHT
Driven By:• Wind Speed• Wind Direction• Fetch Length
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SHOALING WAVE CROSS SECTION
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HISTORIC WAVE HEIGHTS(NORTH BUOY)
Miller Engineers & Scientists
19 feet17 feet
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Deep Water Waves
Wave Refraction
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
LONG SHORE SAND MOVEMENT:
WHITEFISH BAY IS ITS OWN “CELL”…
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
…WITH SOME SAND MIGRATION
SOUTHWARD
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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KEY TAKEAWAYS Any shoreline work must be compatible with the natural
littoral sediment processes of the larger scale “reach” in which it is located.
Revetments that project into the lake cause lakebed “downcutting”. The consequent deeper water allows larger breaking waves that accelerate revetment destruction.
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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KEY TAKEAWAYS
Obsolescence should be planned for old structures that have become at risk of natural shoreline recession over time.
Beach nourishment on a “reach scale” should be considered in lieu of, or in combination with, “buried” revetments where intensive development precludes obsolescence of existing structures.
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Miller Engineers & Scientists
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KEY TAKEAWAYS
All new construction of capital improvements should be located as far inland from the beach or bluff as possible in order to leave room for the natural shoreline recession rate.
This avoids the need for shoreline “hardening”. Minimum statutory setbacks are NOT THE OPTIMUM of what
property owners should do.
The Wisconsin Legislature’s recent reduction of setback to 75’ for Lake Michigan, merely to be consistent with setbacks along
inland lakes (which do not experience significant shoreline recession), was a misguided step and should be changed back to at least 100’. Recently revised State statutes now
prevent counties from doing that locally.Miller Engineers & Scientists
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KEY TAKEAWAYS
Now that we’re back into a sequence of high water levels for the next several decades, and average annual precipitation is expected to increase for the next century at least as much as the 10% increase over the last century, it is important for Governments throughout the Great Lakes drainage basin, and the US and Canada on a federal level, to update (through the International Joint Council) the existing basin lake level management/operating plans that still only consider maximization of water levels.
Miller Engineers & Scientists
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Roger G. Miller, PE, President
MILLERENGINEERSSCIENTISTS
(800) 969-7013www.startwithmiller.com
Designing in Harmony with the Environment
Miller Engineers & Scientists