BDwbU 1 wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ Avgv‡`i G my›`i c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq AvU nvRvi QqkZ cÖRvwZi cvwL i‡q‡Q| Gme cvwL bvbvfv‡e cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i G c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li evm‡hvM¨ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| gvbyl wKQy wKQy cvwL‡K †cvl gvwb‡q wbR ZË¡veav‡b jvjbcvjb K‡i `xN©w`bhver Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi GK weivU Ask c~iY Ki‡Q| Avevi wKQy wKQy cvwL gvbyl wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Rb¨I cvjb K‡i _v‡K| †cvl gvbv‡bv Ges M„‡n cvwjZ mKj cvwL‡KB mvaviYZ M„ncvwjZ cvwL ev †cvwëªi AšÍf©z³ Kiv nq bv| M„ncvwjZ cvwL ev †cvwëª ej‡Z †mme cvwL cÖRvwZ‡KB eySv‡bv nq hv‡`i‡K A_©‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ (cÖavbZ wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨) jvjbcvjb Kiv nq Ges hviv gvby‡li ZË¡veav‡b ¯^vaxbfv‡e eskwe¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: nuvm, gyiwM, ivRnuvm, †Kv‡qj, KeyZi, wMwb dvDj, UvwK© BZ¨vw`| AvenvIqvi ZviZ‡g¨i Rb¨ c„w_exi wewfbœ A‡j wfbœ wfbœ cÖRvwZ I Rv‡Zi cvwL cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Z‡e, nvumgyiwM c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB M„ncvwjZ cvwL wn‡m‡e †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z weivU Ae`vb †i‡L Avm‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI ¯§iYvZxZKvj †_‡KB gvbyl nvumgyiwM cvjb Ki‡Q| Avi G cvwL¸‡jv Avgv‡`i A_©bxwZ I ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½ n‡q Av‡Q| ˆeÁvwbK µgweeZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbylI cvwL cvj‡bi gva¨‡g AwaK jvfevb nIqvi bvbv †KŠkj AvqË K‡i‡Q| ZvB K…wlcÖavb Avgv‡`i †`‡ki fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ M„ncvwjZ cvwL ev †cvwëª cvj‡bi AvaywbK Ávb jvf Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|

G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V gyiwM, nvum, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi, wMwb dvDj cÖf…wZ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi cwiwPwZ ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 1.1 wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwMi cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

� gyiwMi †kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ Ges †÷ªBb ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

� A_©‰bwZK ¸iy‡Z¡ †kªô gyiwMi cÖavb 4wU †kªYx I Zv‡`i ˆewkó¨vejx Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

� wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwMi DrcwË, ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ I Drcv`b ¶gZvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

M„ncvwjZ gyiwMi (domestic chicken or domestic fowl) ˆeÁvwbK bvg Gallus gallus

domesticus (M¨vjvm M¨vjvm W‡gw÷Kvm)| M„ncvwjZ gyiwM‡K wewfbœ †kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ, †÷ªBb BZ¨vw`‡Z fvM Kiv nq|

†kªYx (Class) c„w_exi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GjvKv n‡Z D™¢zZ Ges wKQy wKQy mvaviY ˆewk‡ó¨ mv`„‡k¨i AwaKvix gyiwM¸‡jv GKwU †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq| †hgb- Av‡gwiKvb †kªYx, f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYx BZ¨vw`|

RvZ (Breed) †kªYxi Aax‡b AvKvi I AvK…wZ‡Z mv`„‡k¨i AwaKvix gyiwM¸‡jv hviv esk ci¤úivq †mB ˆewkó¨mg~n ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K GKwU Rv‡Zi AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq| †hgb- †jMnb©, wgbK©v BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU 1 wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

M„ncvwjZ gyiwM¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ †kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ, †÷ªBb BZ¨vw`‡Z fvM Kiv nq|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 4

DcRvZ (Variety) cvj‡Ki iO Ges SuzwUi ai‡bi wfwˇZ Rv‡Zi DcwefvMfy³ gyiwM¸‡jv GKwU DcRv‡Zi AšÍf©y³| †hgb- GKK SzuwUi †nvqvBU †jMnb© †jMnb© RvZfy³ GKwU DcRvZ|

†÷ªBb (Strain) cÖRbbKvix KZ©„„K we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Kgc‡¶ 5 esk ci¤úivq AšÍtcÖRb‡bi (inbreeding)

gva¨‡g m„ó we‡kl bvgavix gyiwM¸‡jv‡K GKwU †÷ªB‡bi AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq| †hgb- ÷vi µm †nvqvBU, ÷vi µm eªvDb BZ¨vw`| eZ©gv‡b †cvwëª wk‡í weï× RvZ e¨envi bv K‡i wewfbœ msKi Rv‡Zi gyiwMi †÷ªBb¸‡jv evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ cvjb Kiv n‡”Q|

c„w_ex‡Z gyiwMi cÖvq 200wU RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK ¸iy‡Z¡i AwaKvix 4wU †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© RvZ I DcRvZmg~‡ni weeiY G cv‡V wee„Z n‡q‡Q| G cv‡V ïay weï× RvZ I DcRvZ¸‡jvB eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ AwaK Drcv`bkxj gyiwMi †÷ªBb, †h¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b mvivwe‡k¦ †jqvi A_©vr wWg Drcv`b Ges eªqjvi A_©vr gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q, †m¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv eY©bv †`qv nq wb| G cv‡Vi †k‡l we‡k¦i K‡qKwU AwaK Drcv`bkxj evwYwR¨K †jqvi I eªqjvi gyiwMi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Av‡gwiKvb †kªYx (American Class) Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 13wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| G RvZ¸‡jv hy³iv‡óª Drcbœ n‡qwQj e‡j G‡`i‡K Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi RvZ ejv n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ f‚ga¨mvMixq AÂj †_‡K Avbv †QvU Rv‡Zi Kg©V gyiwMi mv‡_ Gwkqv †_‡K Avg`vbx Kiv eo AvKv‡ii †gvi‡Mi msKi cÖRbb K‡i Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi gyiwM m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj| GLv‡b G‡`i ˆewk󨸇jv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

ˆewkó¨mg~n

• G‡`i cv‡qi bvjv cvjKwenxb|

• Kv‡bi jwZ jvj i‡Oi|

• Giv wWg I gvsm Drcv`b Dfq D‡Ï‡k¨B e¨envi Dc‡hvMx|

• Mv‡qi Pvgov njy` i‡Oi|

• wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO ev`vwg|

• Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi|

Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ RvZmg~n

1. cøvBgvD_ iK (Plymouth Rock) t GwU Av‡gwiKvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq RvZ| KviY, Giv GKw`‡K †hgb fv‡jv gvsm Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb †ewk wWgI Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡`i Kzu‡P nIqvi cÖeYZv Av‡Q|

Drcw˯’j t 1865 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi cøvBgvB_ kn‡i G‡`i DrcwË DcRvZ t 7wU

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t j¤v I cÖk¯Í gv_vi SyuwU t GKK SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi

Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 13wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| hy³iv‡óª Drcbœ n‡qwQj e‡j G‡`i‡K Av‡gwiKvb †kªYxi

c„w_ex‡Z gyiwMi cÖvq 200wU RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 5

Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 4.3 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.4 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 100-150wU

K− evW© cøvBgvD_ iK †gviM L− njy` cøvBgvD_ iK gyiwM wPÎ 1(K, L) t evW© cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi †gviM I evd ev njy` cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

2. †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW (Rhode Island Red) t G Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv Lye Kg©V nq| hviv AímsL¨K gyiwM cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q G Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv LyeB cQ‡›`i| Giv wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡jI G‡`i wWg Drcv`‡bi nvi †ewk|

Drcw˯’j t Av‡gwiKvi †ivW AvBj¨vÛ cÖ‡`k DcRvZ t 2wU

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t AvqZvKvi eyK t PIov, Mfxi Ges mvg‡bi w`‡K DuPz c„ô‡`k t PIov, j¤^v I mgZj Kv‡bi jwZ t †QvU I jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi cvjK t jvj i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM− 3.9 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM− 2.9 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-200wU

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 6

wPÎ 2 t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi †gviM

3. wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi (New Hampshire) t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi mv‡_ Ab¨ Rv‡Zi wgjb NwU‡q G RvZwU‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i‡K wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv hvq| Giv †ek Kómwnòz|

Drcw˯’j t Av‡gwiKvi wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi DcRvZ t †Kv‡bv DcRvZ †bB mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †i‡Wi †P‡q A‡c¶vK…Z Kg AvqZvKvi gv_vi SuywU t GKK SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi cvjK t Zvgv‡U jvj, Z‡e †j‡Ri cvjK¸‡jv Kv‡jv wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 3.9 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 2.9 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 140-160wU

f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYx (Mediteranean Class) G †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 6wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ †jMnb© me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYxi RvZ¸‡jvi Drcw˯’j BUvwj I Av‡kcv‡ki A‡j| wgbK©v Qvov Ab¨ me¸‡jv RvZ †QvU AvKv‡ii| GLv‡b G‡`i wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|

ˆewkó¨mg~n • G‡`i cv‡qi bvjv cvjKwenxb| • cvjK Av‡Uvmuv‡Uv I †`‡ni mv‡_ myweb¨¯’| • Giv AvKv‡i †QvU| • Kzu‡P nIqvi Af¨vm G‡Kev‡iB †bB|

G †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 6wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ †jMnb© me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYxi RvZ¸‡jvi Drcw˯’j BUvwj I Av‡kcv‡ki A‡j|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 7

• A‡c¶vK…Z Kg eq‡m wWg †`qv ïiy K‡i| • wWg Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nq| • G‡`i Mv‡qi Pvgovi iO mv`v A_ev njy`| • Kv‡bi jwZ mv`v i‡Oi| • wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO mv`v| f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ RvZmg~n 1. †jMnb© (Leghorn) t f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYxi RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †jMnb© me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Giv weL¨vZ| †jMnb© RvZ gyiwMi RvZ Dbœq‡b e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

Drcw˯’j t BUvwj DcRvZ t 13wU mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t †QvU †`n t wÎfzRvKvi A_©vr Kvu‡ai w`‡K PIov I †j‡Ri w`‡K µgk miy Ges

†`n Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv c„ô‡`k t j¤v I PIov Kv‡bi jwZ t mv`v i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t mv`v i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 2.7 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 2.0 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 200-250wU

K− -e ¨vK †jMnb© gyiwM L− †nvqvBU †jMnb© gyiwM wPÎ 3 (K, L) t eø¨vK I †nvqvBU †jMnb© DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

2. wgbK©v (Minorca) t f‚ga¨mvMixq RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgbK©v †ek eo I fvwi| Giv †Zgb fv‡jv wWg Drcv`b K‡i bv e‡j RbwcÖqZvI Kg| Giv †iv` mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 8

Drcw˯’j t †¯ú‡bi wgbK©v Øxc DcRvZ t 5wU mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t j¤v I kw³kvjx Kv‡bi jwZ t mv`v i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t mv`v i‡Oi; Z‡e wcV, cv‡qi bvjv I Av½yj Kv‡jv i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t mv`v i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 4.1 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.4 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 180-200wU

K− -e ¨vK wgbK©v †gviM L− e*¨vK wgbK©v gyiwM wPÎ 4(K, L) t eø¨vK wgbK©v DcRv‡Zi †gviM I gyiwM

3. A¨vb‡Kvbv (Ancona) t Giv AvKvi-AvK…wZ‡Z †jMn‡b©i g‡ZvB| G‡`i wWg Drcv`b †gvUvgywU| Giv †KvjvnjwcÖq| eZ©gv‡b G‡`i‡K †kvfvea©K RvZ wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Dcw˯’j t BUvwji A¨vb‡Kvbv AÂj DcRvZ t 2wU mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t †QvU Kv‡bi jwZ t mv`v i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi cvjK t Kv‡jv i‡Oi Dci mv`v †duvUv wW‡gi †Lvmv t mv`v i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 2.7 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 2.0 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-200wU

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 9

wPÎ 5 t A¨vb‡Kvbv Rv‡Zi gyiwM

4. dvBIwg (Fayoumi) t Giv AvKvi-AvK…wZ‡Z †jMn‡b©i g‡ZvB| †`L‡Z LyeB my›`i| kix‡ii e‡Y©i Rb¨ G‡`i‡K mK‡iB †ek cQ›` K‡i| G‡`i †`‡ni cvj‡Ki iO QvB I mv`v †dvuUvwewkó; Nv‡oi cvjK mv`v; †j‡Ri cvj‡Ki †klvsk Kv‡jv| G‡`i wWg Drcv`b †gvUvgywU| wW‡gi AvKvi †QvU| Giv Lye PÂj I PvjvK| G‡`i‡K †`kx gyiwMi g‡Zv Qvov Ae¯’vq cvjb Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e G‡`i cvjb Kiv n‡”Q|

Dcw˯’j t wgki DcRvZ t †bB mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t †QvU gv_vi SuywU t †QvU, †e‡Rvo I jvj Kv‡bi jwZ t mv`v i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb I Kv‡jv i‡Oi Mv‡qi Pvgov t mv`v i‡Oi cvjK t Kv‡jv-mv`v †dvuUv †duvUv wW‡gi †Lvmv t mv`v i‡Oi wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-200wU

wPÎ 6 t dvBIwg Rv‡Zi gyiwM

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 10

Bswjk †kªYx (English Class) G †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 6wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ mv‡m·, A÷ªvjc© Ges AiwcsUb me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| G‡`i gvsm me‡P‡q DrK…ó| GLv‡b G‡`i ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

ˆewkó¨mg~n • G‡`i cv‡qi bvjv cvjKwenxb| • Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| • gvsm I wWg Drcv`b Dfq D‡Ï‡k¨B e¨envi Dc‡hvMx| • KwY©k Qvov me¸‡jv Rv‡Zi Mv‡qi Pvgovi iO mv`v Ges Kv‡bi jwZ jvj| • WiwKs Ges †iW K¨vc Qvov me¸‡jv Rv‡Zi wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO ev`vwg| Bswjk †kªYxi Aš—fy©³ RvZmg~n

1. A÷ªvjc© (Australorp) t A÷ªvjc© kãwUi A_© n‡”Q A‡÷ªwjqvb ez¨vK AiwcsUb| Giv wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B Dc‡hvMx| ZvB G RvZwU wek¦e¨vcx †ek RbwcÖq| Av`ª© I AwaK e„wócvZhy³ A‡jI Giv wb‡R‡`i Lvc LvIqv‡Z cv‡i|

Drcw˯’j t †MÖU e„‡Ub DcRvZ t 1wU mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t gvSvwi †`n t Lvov I †j‡Ri w`‡K µgk Xvjy, Mfxi Ges gReyZ gv_vi SuywU t GKK SzuwUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t mv`v i‡Oi cvjK t D¾¡j I mey‡Ri Avfvhy³ Kv‡jv i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 3.9 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 2.9 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-200wU

K− A÷ªvjc© †gviM L− A÷ªvjc© gyiwM wPÎ 7 (K, L) t A÷ªvjc© Rv‡Zi †gviM I gyiwM

Bswjk †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 6wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ mv‡m·, A÷ªvjc© Ges AiwcsUb me‡P‡q RbwcÖq|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 11

2. KwY©k (Cornish) t KwY©k Rv‡Zi Avmj bvg n‡jv ÔBwÛqvb †MgÕ| Giv gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| eªqjvi †÷ªBb ˆZwii Rb¨ KwY©k †gviM e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ DcRvZ t 4wU; G‡`i g‡a¨ mv`v DcRvZ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t gvsmj I gReyZ gv_vi SzuwU t gUi SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv t j¤v I PIov cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi cvjK t G‡`i cvjK LyeB †QvU Ges †`‡ni mv‡_ †j‡M _v‡K wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 4.8 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.8 †KwR

wPÎ 8 t KvwY©k ev BwÛqvb †Mg Rv‡Zi †gviM

3. mv‡m· (Sussex) t mv‡m· n‡jv me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bv RvZ| Giv wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ DcRvZ t 3wU mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t AvqZvKvi Kvua t PIov gv_vi SzuwU t GKK SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb Mv‡qi Pvgov t mv`v i‡Oi

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 12

wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 4.1 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.2 †KwR

K− jvBU mv‡m· †gviM L− jvBU mv‡m· gyiwM wPÎ 9 (K, L) t jvBU mv‡m· DcRv‡Zi †gviM I gyiwM

GwkqvwUK †kªYx (Asiatic Class) G †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 3wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| Giv AvKv‡i eo Ges gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ fv‡jv| Z‡e, G †kªYxi AšÍfy©³ RvZmg~n evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ wWg ev gvsm Drcv`‡b RbwcªqZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| j¨vsk¨vb Rv‡Zi AšÍf©y³ eø¨vK j¨vsk¨vb DcRv‡Zi gyiwM Qvov evwK‡`i Pvgovi iO njy`| GLv‡b G‡`i ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

ˆewkó¨mg~n

• G‡`i cv‡qi bvjvq cvjK _vK‡Z cv‡i|

• Kv‡bi jwZ jvj i‡Oi|

• wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO ev`vwg|

• Mv‡qi Pvgovi iO njy`|

• Giv A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk eq‡m wWg cvov ïiy K‡i|

• G‡`i Kzu‡P nIqvi cÖeYZv †ewk|

• G‡`i‡K gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• G‡`i wWg Drcv`‡bi nvi Kg| GwkqvwUK †kªYxi Aš—f©z³ RvZmg~n

1. eªvngv (Brahma) t eªvngv Rv‡Zi Avmj bvg wQj Ô†MÖ wPUvMvsÕ| Giv cÖavbZ gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvZ| G‡`i Kzu‡P nIqvi cÖeYZv Av‡Q|

Drcw˯’j t fvi‡Zi eªþcyÎ AÂj DcRvZ t 3wU

GwkqvwUK †kªYxi Aax‡b †gvU 3wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| Giv AvKv‡i eo Ges gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ fv‡jv|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 13

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t eo †`n t fvwi I Nb cvj‡K XvKv gv_vi SuywU t gUi SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKhy³, gvsmj I njy` i‡Oi Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 5.4 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 4.3 †KwR

wPÎ 10 t WvK© eªvngv DcRv‡Zi †gviM

2. †KvwPb (Cochin) t †KvwPb RvZ ÔmvsnvB dvDjÕ bv‡gI cwiwPZ| G‡`i‡K gvsm I cvjK Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i cvjK wewfbœ i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K|

Drcw˯’j t Px‡bi mvsnvB AÂj DcRvZ t 4wU

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

AvKvi t eo SuywU t GKK SuywUwewkó Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi cv‡qi bvjv t gvsmj I cvjKhy³ Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 5.0 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.9 †KwR

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 14

wPÎ 11 t †nvqvBU †KvwPb DcRv‡Zi †gviM

Abykxjbx (Activity) t PviwU †kªYxi gyiwMi ˆewkó¨mg~n QK AvKv‡i mvwR‡q wjLyb|

evsjv‡`‡ki gyiwMi RvZ

-Avgv‡`i †`‡k wWg ev gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv D‡j L‡hvM¨ Rv‡Zi gyiwM †bB| -Avgv‡`i †`kx gyiwM¸‡jv‡K ZvB Aby‡j wLZ RvZ ev †`kx (indigenous) gyiwM e‡j| G‡`i

wWg I gvsm Lye my¯^v`y| †ivMcÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvI †ewk| Giv AZ¨šÍ Kzu‡P ¯^fv‡ei nq A_©vr wW‡g Zv †`qvi cÖeYZv G‡`i g‡a¨ cÖej| Gme †`kx gyiwM Drcv`‡bi w`K w`‡q †Zgb fv‡jv bv n‡jI G‡`‡k gyiwMi `y‡Uv fv‡jv RvZ i‡q‡Q| †hgb- Avwmj I wPUvMvs ev gvjq| GLv‡b Avwmj Rv‡Zi gyiwMi eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|

K− †`kx †gviM L− †`kx gyiwM wPÎ 12 (K, L)t †`kx †gviM I gyiwM

Avgv‡`i †`‡k wWg ev gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv

-D‡j L‡hvM¨ Rv‡Zi gyiwM †bB|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 15

Avwmj (Asil) t Avwmj A_©vr Avmj ev LvuwU| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM| PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Av‡bvqviv _vbv I eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi mivBj _vbvq G Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvIqv hvq| fvi‡Zi nvq`vivev` A‡jI G‡`i cvIqv hvq| Giv †ek eo nq| G‡`i †`‡ni MVb ewjô I `„p, Mjv I cv y‡Uv j¤v, gv_v †ek PIov, Kv‡bi jwZ Lye †QvU nq| G‡`i gv_vq gUi SuywU _v‡K| †`‡n cvjK Lye Kg _v‡K I cvj‡Ki iO jvj nq| G‡`i A‡bK¸‡jv DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| G Rv‡Zi †gviM fv‡jv jovB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB A‡b‡K kL K‡i G‡`i cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡`i gvsm Lye my¯^v`y| Giv wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ fv‡jv bq| cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM I gyiwMi IRb h_vµ‡g 4.0-4.5 I 3.0-3.5 †KwR nq| mviwY 1 t GK bR‡i gyiwMi PviwU †kªYxi cwiwPwZ

†kªYxi bvg RvZ Pvgovi iO

Kv‡bi jwZi iO

wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO

cv‡qi bvjvq cvjK

AvK…wZ Dc‡hvwMZv

Av‡gwiKvb CøvBgvD_ iK, †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW, wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi, DBb‡WvU

njy` jvj ev`vwg †bB gvSvwi wWg I gvsm

f‚ga¨mvMixq †jMnb©, wgbK©v, A¨vb‡Kvbv, dvBIwg A¨v›`v‡jvwmqvb

njy` ev mv`v

mv`v mv`v †bB †QvU wWg

Bswjk A÷ªvjc©, mv‡m·, KwY©k, AiwcsUb

mv`v jvj ev`vwg †bB gvSvwi wWg I gvsm

GwkqvwUK eªvngv, †KvwPb, j¨vsk¨vb

njy` jvj ev`vwg Av‡Q eo gvsm

mviwY 2 t GK bR‡i gyiwMi wewfbœ RvZ/DcRv‡Zi cwiwPwZ

RvZ DcRv‡Zi msL¨v

Pvgovi iO

Kv‡bi jwZi

wW‡gi †Lvmvi

cv‡qi ivjvq

SuywUi aib evwl©K wWg cÖvßeq‡m Mo IRb (†KwR)

iO iO cvjK Drcv`b †gviM gyiwM

c/vBgvD_ iK

7 njy` jvj ev`vwg †bB GKK SuywU 100-150 4.3 3.4

†ivW AvBj¨vÊ †iW

2 njy` jvj ev`vwg †bB GKK/ †Mvjvc SuywU

150-200 3.9 2.9

A÷ªvjc© 1 mv`v jvj wUb‡UW †bB GKK SzuwU 150-200 3.9 2.9

mv‡m· 3 mv`v jvj ev`vwg †bB GKK SuywU − 4.1 3.2

KwY©k 4 njy` jvj ev`vwg †bB gUi SzuwU − 4.8 3.8

†jMnb© 13 njy` mv`v mv`v †bB GKK/

†Mvjvc SzuwU

200-250 2.7 2.0

wgbK©v 5 mv`v mv`v mv`v †bB GKK/

†Mvjvc SzuwU

180-200 4.1 3.4

A¨vb‡Kvbv 2 njy` mv`v mv`v †bB GKK/ †Mvjvc SuywU

150-200 2.7 2.0

eªvngv 3 njy` jvj ev`vwg Av‡Q gUi SuywU − 5.4 4.3

†KvwPb 4 njy` jvj ev`vwg Av‡Q GKK SzuwU − 5.0 3.9

j¨vsk¨vb 2 mv`v jvj ev`vwg Av‡Q GKK SuywU − 4.3 3.4

evwYwR¨K gyiwM eZ©gv‡b weï× Rv‡Zi

gyiwM¸‡jv evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †cvlv nq bv|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k wWg ev gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv

-D‡j L‡hvM¨ Rv‡Zi gyiwM †bB|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 16

eZ©gv‡b weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv we‡k¦i †Kv_vIB evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †cvlv nq bv| evsjv‡`‡k miKvix gyiwM Lvvgvi¸‡jv‡Z weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gme Lvgv‡ii gyiwM¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †nvqvBU †jMnb©, †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Ges dvBIwg Rv‡Zi gyiwMB cªavb| eZ©gv‡b weÁvwbiv M‡elYv I DbœZ evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wWg I gvsm Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ †÷ªB‡bi gyiwM Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv h_vµ‡g †jqvi I eªqjvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| evsjv‡`‡k †emiKvix ch©v‡q eûmsL¨K evwYwR¨K †jqvi I eªqjvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| †jqvi (Layer) t wWg Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ gyiwM‡K †jqvi gyiwM e‡j| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i †ewkifvM evwYwR¨K †jqviB 18-19 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wWgcvov ïiy K‡i Ges GKvav‡i GK eQ‡i 290-300wU wWg cv‡o| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †÷ªB‡bi †jqvi eQ‡i GgbKx 330wU ch©šÍ wWg cvo‡Z m¶g| G‡`i wW‡gi IRb 55-65 Mªvg n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i AwaK Drcv`bkxj †jqvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Bmv eªvDb, nvB‡m· †nvqvBU, nvB‡m· eªvDb, †kfvi ÷vi µm 579, †kfvi ÷vi µm 566, we.wf.-300, we.wf.-380, †jvng¨vb eªvDb, nvBjvBb eªvDb, e¨v‡evjbv †UUªv Gm.Gj., wbK wPK, eªvDb wbK, †evfvbm †Mvì jvBb cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡kI cvIqv hv‡”Q|

K− nvB‡m· eªvDb †jqvi L− we.wf.-300 †jqvi wPÎ 13 (K, L) t nvB‡m· eªvDb I we.wf.-300 †jqvi gyiwM

eªqjvi (Broiler) t eªqjvi n‡jv big I my¯^v`y gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM †h¸‡jv 35-42 w`‡b cÖvq 3-3.5 †KwR Lv`¨ †L‡q 1.8 †KwR gvsm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| gvÎ 6 mßvn cvjb Kivi ci eªqjvi evRviRvZ Kiv nq| eªqjv‡ii gvsm eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡k †ek RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i evwYwR¨K eªqjvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÷vi †eªv, UªwcK †eªv, Bmv †f‡WU, Aviei A¨vK&i,

-im eªqjvi, nveevW© eªqjvi, wcjP& eªqjvi cÖf…wZ D‡j L‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡kI cvIqv hv‡”Q|

wWg Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ gyiwM‡K †jqvi gyiwM e‡j|

eªqjvi n‡jv big I my¯^v`y gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM †h¸‡jv 6 mßv‡n cÖvq 3-3.5 †KwR Lv`¨ †L‡q 1.8 †KwR gvsm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 17

K− Bmv †f‡WU eªqjvi L− ÷vi †eªv eªqjvi

wPÎ 14 (K, L) t Bmv †f‡WU I ÷vi †eªv eªqjvi gyiwM

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|

K. †Kvb& †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ me¸‡jv Rv‡Zi gyiwMi wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO mv`v? i) Av‡gwiKvb †kªYx ii) f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYx iii) Bswjk †kªYx iv) GwkqvwUK †kªYx

L. evsjv‡`‡ki gyiwMi RvZ `y‡Uvi bvg Kx Kx? i) wgbK©v I †jMnb© ii) AiwcsUb I gvjq iii) wPUvMvs I wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi iv) Avwmj I wPUvMvs ev gvjq

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. †kªYxi Aax‡b AvKvi I AvK…wZi mv „‡ki AwaKvix gyiwM¸‡jv‡K GKwU Rv‡Zi AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq|

L. †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi gyiwMi DrcwË Bsj¨v‡Ûi mv‡m‡·| 3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiyb|

K. f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYxi RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨

†ek eo I fvwi| L. cÖvßeq¯‹ Avwmj Rv‡Zi †gviM I gyiwMi IRb h_vµ‡g

I

†KwR|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. A÷ªvjc© kãwUi cy‡iv A_© Kx? L. eªvngv Rv‡Zi Avmj bvg Kx wQj?

�

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 18

cvV 1.2 wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � cvj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx wewfbœ †kªYxi nuv‡mi Rv‡Zi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi DrcwË, ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ Ges Drcv`b ¶gZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

M„ncvwjZ nuvm¸‡jvi (domestic duck) †ek KwU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q| †hgb- gvjvW© (Mallard), gvm‡Kvwf BZ¨vw`| gvjvW© nuvm †_‡K †ewkifvM M„ncvwjZ nvu‡mi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Gi ˆeÁvwbK bvg Anas platyrhynchos (A¨vbvm c%¨vwUwibKm)| wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm‡K wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ cvjb Kiv nq| †hgb- wWg Drcv`b, gvsm Drcv`b, †kvfvea©b BZ¨vw`| Kv‡RB D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi wewfbœ RvZ¸‡jv‡K wbæwjwLZ wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb- 1z gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvZ 2z wWg Drcv`bKvix RvZ 3z †kvfvea©K RvZ G cv‡V G wZb †kªYxi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi DrcwË ’j, ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ I Drcv`b ¶gZv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gvsm Drcv`bKvix nuv‡mi RvZmg~n gvsm Drcv`bKvix nuv‡mi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ †cwKb, AvB‡jmevwi, gvm‡Kvwf, †iv‡qb cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GLv‡b G‡`i msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| 1. †cwKb (Pekin) t gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GwU we‡k¦i me©v‡c¶v RbwcÖq RvZ| Gi gvsm LyeB my¯^v`y| Px‡bi ivRavbx †eBwRs‡qi bvgvbymv‡i eZ©gv‡b G nvum †eBwRs nvum bv‡g cwiwPZ|

Drcw˯’j t Pxb

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t cÖk¯— I j¤v gv_v t eo, †MvjvKvi, cÖk¯Í Ges gv_vi Lywj DuPz †VuvU t Lv‡Uv, cÖk¯Í I gReyZ

cv t jvj‡P Kgjv i‡Oi cvjK t mv`v i‡Oi IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nuvmv- 4.0 †KwR cÖvßeq¯‹ nuvwm- 3.5 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-160wU

2. AvB‡jmevwi (Aylesbury)

Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ

D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi wewfbœ RvZ¸‡jv‡K wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb- gvsm Drcv`bKvix, wWg Drcv`bKvix I †kvfvea©K RvZ|

gvsm Drcv`bKvix nuv‡mi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ †cwKb, AvB‡jmevwi, gvm‡Kvwf, †iv‡qb cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 19

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t j¤v I Mfxi; gv_v I †`n memgq Lvov K‡i iv‡L

gv_v t eo, †mvRv I j¤^v

wcV t †mvRv

cv t D¾j Kgjv i‡Oi

cvjK t mv`v i‡Oi

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 4.5 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 4.0 †KwR

wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 80-100wU

wPÎ 15 t AvB‡jmevwi Rv‡Zi nvum

3. gvm‡Kvwf (Muscovy) : G Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi y‡Uv DcRvZ Av‡Q| †hgb− mv`v gvm‡Kvwf I iwOb gvm‡Kvwf|

Drcw˯’j t `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t AvKv‡i eo, j¤^v I cÖk¯—

†VvuU t mv`v DcRvZ− nvjKv gqjv

iwOb DcRvZ− -Kv‡jv ev †k ‡Ui i‡Oi

cv t mv`v DcRvZ− nvjKv Kgjv-njy`

iwOb DcRvZ− Kv‡jv

cvjK t mv`v DcRvZ− mv`v i‡Oi

iwOb DcRvZ− Kv‡jv I mv`vi wgkªY

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 5.0-5.5 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 2.5-3.0 †KwR

wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 160-170wU

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 20

wPÎ 16 t gvm‡Kvwf Rv‡Zi nuvm

3. †iv‡qb (Rouen)

Drcw˯’j t d«v‡Ýi †iv‡qb kni mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t cÖk¯—, †`L‡Z my›`i gv_v t †ek eo, j¤^v I cÖk¯— †VvuU t P¨vÞv; nvumvi †VvuU D¾¡j jvj Ges meyRvf njy` I Kv‡jv

wejhy³, nvuwmi †VvuU D¾¡j Kgjv I Kv‡jv wejhy³

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 4.5 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 4.0 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i cÖvq 100wU

wPÎ 17 t †iv‡qb Rv‡Zi nuvm

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 21

wWg Drcv`bKvix RvZmg~n wWg Drcv`bKvix nvu‡mi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ BwÊqvb ivbvi, LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej, †RbwWs cÖf…wZ

-D‡j L‡hvM¨| GLv‡b G‡`i msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|

1@ BwÛqvb ivbvi (Indian Runner) t G Rv‡Zi nvum AvKv‡i †ek †QvU| Giv Ab¨vb¨ nvu‡mi g‡Zv †n‡j y‡j bv P‡j †mvRv n‡q P‡j| G‡`i wZbwU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q, †hgb- mv`v, a~mi Ges mv`v-a~mi| Z‡e, mv`v DcRvZB AwaK Drcv`b ¶gZvm¤úbœ|

Drcw˯’j t B‡›`v‡bwkqv, gj‡qwkqv mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t nvjKvcvZjv, j¤v I †MvjvKvi gv_v t miy, mgZj, †`n eivei gv_v GKUz DaŸ©gyLx †VvuU t Kgjv-njy` i‡Oi Mjv t gm„Y, j¤v I wPKb cv t Kgjv-njy` i‡Oi Wvbv t †`‡ni Zzjbvq Wvbv †QvU cvjK t LyeB Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv I myweb¨¯—

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 2.0-2.5 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 1.5-2.0 †KwR wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 250-260wU

wPÎ 18 t BwÛqvb ivbvi Rv‡Zi nuvm

2. LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej (Khaki Campbell) t Bsj¨v‡Ûi wg‡mm K¨v¤ú‡ej bv‡g GKRb gwnjv 1901 mv‡j G Rv‡Zi nuvm D™¢veb K‡ib| Zvui bvgvbymv‡i Ges nvu‡mi Mv‡qi iO LvwK nIqvq G Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi bvg n‡q‡Q LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej| G Rv‡Zi `y‡Uv DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v− mv`v I LvwK|

Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ

wWg Drcv`bKvix nvu‡mi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ BwÊqvb

živbvi, LvwK K¨v¤ ‡ej, -†RbwWs cÖf…wZ D‡j L‡hvM¨|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 22

mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

†`n t Mfxi, cÖk¯—, Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv I mvg‡bi fvM †MvjvKvi; †jR A‡c¶vK…Z Lv‡Uv I P¨vÞv

gv_v t †MvjvKvi

†VvuU t gvSvwi AvKv‡ii Ges meyRvf bxj i‡Oi

Mjv t wPKb, †mvRv, gm„Y I gvSvwi j¤^v

Wvbv t Auv‡Uvmv‡Uv

cvjK t LvwK i‡Oi

cv I cv‡qi cvZv t nvumv− Kgjv i‡Oi

nvuwm− cvj‡Ki i‡Oi mv‡_ wgj _vK‡e

IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 2.0-2.5 †KwR

cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 1.0-1.5 †KwR

wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 200-250wU

wPÎ 19 t LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej Rv‡Zi nuvm

3. †RbwWs (Zending) t G‡`‡k G Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi RbwcÖqZv w`b w`b evo‡Q| Giv jeYv³ GjvKvi Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx|

Drcw˯’j t Pxb mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx

Giv AvKv‡i LvwK K¨v¤ú‡e‡ji g‡Zv| G‡`i Mjv wPKb I LyeB j¤^v| nvumvi gv_v I Nv‡oi Ask D¾¦j meyR i‡Oi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Ask LvwK i‡Oi| nvuwmi i‡O LvwK I Kv‡jvi wgkªY| Giv LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej A‡c¶v gv_v I kixi wKQyUv DuPz K‡i Pjv‡div K‡i| 110 w`‡bi g‡a¨ G‡`i cwic°Zv Av‡m| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 1.5-2.0 I 1.0-1.5 †KwR| Giv eQ‡i 260-300wU ch©š— bxj‡P i‡Oi wWg †c‡o _v‡K|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 23

wPÎ 20 t GK SuvK †RbwWs Rv‡Zi nvum

Abykxjb (Activity) t gvsm I wWg Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi ˆ`wnK I Drcv`b ˆewkó¨vejx QK AvKv‡i wjLyb| †kvfvea©bKvix nvu‡mi RvZmg~n †kvfvea©bKvix wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm †mŠ›`‡h©¨i Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq| we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡kB wewfbœ †cvwëª K¬ve Gme †kvfvea©K nuvm wewfbœ †mŠ›`h© cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| Z‡e G‡`‡k Gme nuvm †cvlv nq bv| †kvfvea©bKvix wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi g‡a¨ wb¤œwjwLZ¸‡jv

-D‡j L‡hvM¨| †hgb- 1. Kj 2. †µ‡÷W 3. Eø¨vK B÷ BwÛqvb 4. Kv‡qvMv 5. eøy myBwWm

K− Kj Rv‡Zi nuvwm L− †µ‡÷W Rv‡Zi nuvwm

wPÎ 21 (K, L) t Kj I †µ‡÷W Rv‡Zi nuvm

†kvfvea©bKvix wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi g‡a¨ Kj, †µ‡÷W, eø¨vK B÷ BwÛqvb, Kv‡qvMv, eøy

-myBwWm cÖf…wZ D‡j L‡hvM¨|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 24

wPÎ 22 t Kv‡qvMv Rv‡Zi nuvmv

†`kx nvum Gme RvZ QvovI i‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i †`kx nvum| G‡`‡ki †gvU nvu‡mi kZKiv 95 fvMB †`kx nvum| G‡`i gvsm my¯^v`y| †`‡ni Zzjbvq Mjv Lv‡Uv| †`n gvwU‡K cÖvq ¯úk© K‡i| G‡`i †`‡ni e‡Y© wewfbœ i‡Oi wgkªY †`Lv hvq| Mo ˆ`wnK IRb 1.0 †KwR| Giv eQ‡i 60-70wU wWg Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|

wPÎ 23 t GK SuvK †`kx nvum

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 25

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.2

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (�) w`b|

K. †Kvb&wU gvsm Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nvu‡mi RvZ? i) LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej ii) gvm‡Kvwf iii) †RbwWs iv) eøy myBwWm

L. †Kvb&wU AwaK wWg Drcv`bKvix nvu‡mi RvZ? i) BwÛqvb ivbvi ii) †cwKb iiii) AvB‡jmevwi iv) ez¨vK B÷ BwÛqvb

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. †cwKb nuvm eQ‡i 250wU K‡i wWg cv‡o| L. BwÛqvb ivbvi nvu‡mi DrcwË ’j fvi‡Z|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiyb|

K. G‡`‡ki kZKiv 95 fvMB nuvm| L. Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi DrcwË ’j `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx nvum‡K †Kvb& †Kvb& †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq? L. BwÛqvb ivbvi Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi DcRvZ¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|

�

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 26

cvV 1.3 †Kv‡q‡ji cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � †Kv‡qj cvj‡bi cUf‚wg ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji wewfbœ DcRv‡Zi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| � wewfbœ ai‡bi Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†Kv‡qj cvj‡bi cUf‚wg c„w_ex‡Z eû cÖRvwZi †Kv‡qj i‡q‡Q| Z‡e M„ncvwjZ †Kv‡qj wn‡m‡e evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ ïay Rvcvwb Ges ee †nvqvBU cÖRvwZi †Kv‡qjB cvjb Kiv nq| Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv n‡jI ee †nvqvBU †Kv‡qj g~jZ gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq| weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z me©cÖ_g Rvcvb, Pxb ev †Kvwiqv‡Z Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj‡K †cvl gvbv‡bv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, M„ncvwjZ ee †nvqvBU †Kv‡q‡ji DrcwË Av‡gwiKvq| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ ee †nvqvBU †Kv‡qj A‡c¶v Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj cvjbB †ewk RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| G cv‡V ZvB Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj (Japanese quail) †cvwëªi ¶z`ªZg m`m¨| Gi ˆeÁvwbK bvg Coturnix

japonica (KUziwb· RvcwbKv)| c„w_ex‡Z evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ †cvwëª wkí †_‡K †h cwigvY gvsm I wWg Drcvw`Z nq Zvi wmsnfvM Av‡m gyiwM, nvum I UviwK †_‡K| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b AviI †hme †cvwëª gvsm I wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj Ab¨Zg| Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj G‡`‡ki †cvwëª wk‡íi bexb m`m¨| G‡`‡ki K‡qKRb Drmvnx †cvwëª Lvgvix Õ90 `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K me©cÖ_g Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj Avg`vwb K‡ib| wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, G‡`‡ki AvenvIqv evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †Kv‡qj cvj‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š— Dc‡hvMx| eZ©gv‡b XvKvmn evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv kni I _vbv ch©v‡q †ekwKQy †Kv‡qj Lvgvi ev †Kv‡qjvwi (Quailary) M‡o D‡V‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨B GwU h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges G‡`‡ki †cvwëª wk‡í wb‡Ri Avmb gReyZ K‡i‡Q|

†Kv‡q‡ji RvZ/DcRvZ evwYwR¨K Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji A‡bK¸‡jv RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| RvZ I DcRvZ‡f‡` G‡`i Mv‡qi iO, IRb, AvKvi, AvK…wZ, wWg cvovi nvi, wW‡gi IRb, †eu‡P _vKvi nvi BZ¨vw`‡Z †ek cv_©K¨ n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZwU RvZ I DcRvZ †_‡K DbœZ evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cÖRbb NwU‡q wewfbœ †÷ªBb (strain) I jvBb (line) m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| †÷ªBb‡f‡` †Kv‡q‡ji wWg cvov, wW‡gi IRb, gvsm Drcv`b ¶gZv cÖf…wZ‡Z wKQyUv cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| †jqvi †Kv‡qj (Layer quail) eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z cvuPwU DcRv‡Zi †jqvi †Kv‡qj †ewk RbwcÖq| †hgb- 1. dvivI 2. weªwUk †iÄ 3. Bswjk †nvqvBU 4. g¨vbPzwiqvb †Mv‡ìb I 5. Uz‡·‡Wv

cuvP DcRv‡Zi †Kv‡q‡ji g‡a¨ cÖRbb NwU‡q bvbv e‡Y©i †Kv‡qj ˆZwi Kiv hvq| G DcRvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ dvivI DrK…óZi| ZvB wek¦e¨vcx Gi K`iB †ewk| dvivI DcRvZ †_‡K

c„w_ex‡Z eû cÖRvwZi †Kv‡qj _vK‡jI M„ncvwjZ cvwL wn‡m‡e ïay Rvcvwb Ges ee †nvqvBU cÖRvwZi †Kv‡qjB cvjb Kiv nq|

MZ Õ90 Gi `k‡K Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj G‡`‡k Avm‡jI B‡Zvg‡a¨B GwU h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b cvuPwU DcRv‡Zi †jqvi †Kv‡qj †ewk RbwcÖq| †hgb- dvivI, weªwUk †iÄ, Bswjk †nvqvBU, g¨vbPzwiqvb †Mv‡ìb I Uz‡·‡Wv|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 27

eªvDb †Kv‡qj bv‡g GKwU †÷ªBb ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k wW‡gi Rb¨ dvivI Ges eªvDb `ycÖKv‡ii †Kv‡qjB cvjb Kiv nq| †jqvi †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj †QvULvU I MvÆv‡MvÆv cvwL| G‡`i †VuvU, Nvo I cv Lv‡Uv, †jR †QvU| cvj‡Ki Zzjbvq †`n (gvsm, nvo I bvwof‚uwo) †ewk fvwi| †Vuv‡Ui AvMv †_‡K †j‡Ri WMv ch©š— G‡KKwU †Kv‡qj M‡o 17.5 †m.wg. j¤v nq| IR‡b RvZ‡f‡` 150-200 MÖvg ch©š— n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avbv g`©v I gvw` †Kv‡qj¸‡jvi IRb h_vµ‡g 120-130 MÖvg I 140-150 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡q‡ji wWg¸‡jv AZ¨š— my›`i| wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO Mvp nj‡` †_‡K nvjKv ev`vwg| †Lvmvi G i‡Oi Dci _v‡K AmsL¨ †QvUeo bxj, †e¸wb, L‡qwi ev P‡Kv‡jU i‡Oi Kvi“KvR ev `vM| G‡KK †Kv‡q‡ji wW‡gi Kvi“KvR ev Kvi“Kv‡Ri iO G‡KK iKg nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv jvB‡bi †Kv‡qj eQ‡i 290-300wU wWg cv‡o| dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki iO ûeû ey‡bv Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji g‡Zv| G‡`i cvj‡Ki iO ev`vwg| Z‡e mviv Mv‡q Mvp P‡Kv‡jU ev Kv‡jv i‡Oi †Qvc _v‡K| cÖvßeq¯‹ g`©v¸‡jvi ey‡Ki Dc‡ii Ask nj‡` ev`vwg Ges wb‡Pi Ask nvjKv ev`vwg, Avi gyLgÛ‡ji iOUv L‡qwi| gvw`¸‡jvi gyLgÛj, Nvo I ey‡Ki Dc‡ii Ask ev`vwg| ey‡Ki Dc‡ii As‡ki G ev`vwg i‡Oi Dci Kv‡jv ev L‡qwi †MvjvKvi †duvUv _v‡K| G‡`i ey‡Ki wb‡Pi AskUv Zvgv‡U| m`¨‡dvUv 6-7 MÖvg IR‡bi ev”Pv¸‡jvi Mv‡qi †Kvgj cvj‡Ki iO nj‡`| Gi Dci L‡qwi ev Kv‡jv i‡Oi †Qvc _v‡K| Giv 6-7 mßvn eq‡m wWg cvov ïiy K‡i| AvU mßv‡n wWg Drcv`b 50% G †cŠu‡Q| `k mßv‡n Zv †e‡o wM‡q 80% nq Ges 15 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wWg Drcv`b m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q (90%) †cŠuQvq| Giv 75% wWg we‡Kj 3-6 Uvi g‡a¨ Ges evwK wWg G mg‡qi c‡i †c‡o _v‡K|

wPÎ 24 t dvivI DcRv‡Zi gvw` †Kv‡qj eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki i‡Oi aib dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡ZvB wKš‘ iO G‡Kev‡iB nvjKv; †Kv‡bv Kvj‡Pfve †bB| Z‡e g`©v¸‡jvi gyLgÛ‡ji iO dvivI DcRv‡Zi †_‡KI Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk L‡qwi nq| ev”Pv¸‡jvi †Kvgj cvj‡Ki iO nj‡`| Z‡e G

†jqvi †Kv‡qj¸‡jv RvZ‡f‡` 150-200 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| Giv eQ‡i 290-300wU iwOb KvicKvRhy³ wWg cv‡o|

dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki iO ûeû ey‡bv Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji g‡Zv| Giv 6-7 mßvn eq‡m wWg cvov ïiy K‡i|

eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki i‡Oi aib dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡ZvB wKš‘ iO G‡Kev‡iB nvjKv| Giv AZ¨všÍ kvšÍcÖK„wZi|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 28

nj‡`i Dc‡ii †Qvc¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e nvjKv| Giv AZ¨šÍ kvšÍ cÖK…wZi, dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡Zv gvivgvwi ev †VvKivVzKwi K‡i bv| GQvov evwK me ˆewkó¨ cÖvq dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡ZvB|

wPÎ 25 t g ©v I gvw` eªvDb †Kv‡qj

eªqjvi †Kv‡qj (Broiler quail) eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji gvsm AZ¨š— big I my¯^v`y| G¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ DuPz`‡ii Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| cuvP mßvn eq‡mi G‡KKwU eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji RxweZ IRb 140-150 MÖvg nq| G¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvq 72.5% LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx gvsm cvIqv hvq| gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ c„w_ex‡Z h‡Zv ai‡bi †Kv‡qj m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi ZvwgjbvWz cÖ‡`‡ki †KvBgev‡Uvi ’ (Coimbatore) G. wf. Gg. n¨vPvwiR GÛ weªwWs wimvP© †m›Uvi (cÖvt) wjwg‡UW KZ©„K Drcbœ mv`v eyK (white breasted) †Kv‡qjB DrK…óZg| Aek¨ GwU GLbI Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avbv nq wb| ZvB AvcvZZ †jqvi †Kv‡q‡ji g ©v¸‡jvB eªqjvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q| G‡`i gvsm Drcv`b nviI h‡_ó fv‡jv|

Abykxjb (Activity) t †jqvi I eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewk󨸇jv QK AvKv‡i ˆZwi Kiyb|

eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji gvsm AZ¨š— big I my¯^v y| 5 mßvn eq‡mi G‡KKwU eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji RxweZ IRb 140-150 MÖvg nq| G¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvq 72.5% gvsm cvIqv hvq|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 29

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.3

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|

K. Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj‡K me©cÖ_g †Kv_vq †cvl gvbv‡bv nq? i) Rvcv‡b ii) Rvcvb I †Kvwiqv‡Z iii) Pxb I Rvcv‡b iv) Rvcvb, Pxb ev †Kvwiqv‡Z

L. cuvP mßvn eq‡mi G‡KKwU †Kv‡q‡ji RxweZ IRb KZ? i) 140-150 MÖvg ii) 150-160 MÖvg iii) 150-170 MÖvg iv) 150-200 MÖvg

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. dvivI DcRv‡Zi Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj ¯^fv‡e AZ¨šÍ kvšÍ cÖK…wZi| L. Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj †cvwëªi ¶z`ªZg m`m¨|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiyb|

K. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv jvB‡bi †Kv‡qj eQ‡i wWg cv‡o| L. eªqjvi †Kv‡q‡ji gvsm AZ¨š— I |

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. mv`v eyK eªqjvi †Kv‡qj Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Kx? L. †Kv‡q‡ji wW‡gi iO †Kgb?

�

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 30

cvV 1.4 ivRnvu‡mi cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

� wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ivRnvu‡mi cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

� wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ivRnvu‡mi DrcwË, ˆ`wnK I Drcv`b ˆewkó¨ ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

M„ncvwjZ ivRnuv‡mi (domestic goose) ˆeÁvwbK bvg Anser answer (Avbmvi A¨vbmvi)| ivRnvum g~jZ gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B cvjb Kiv nq| AvKv‡i gvSvwi Rv‡Zi Drcv`b ¶gZv †ewk| Z…Ygq GjvKvq ivRnvum cvjb Ki‡j Lv`¨ LiP Kg nq| ivRnvu‡mi wWg Drcv`b †gŠmywg| UjyDBm Ges A¨v¤^‡Wb‡K m‡ev©rK…ó RvZ wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv nq| me ivRnvumB mvnmx Ges AwaK Rxebxkw³i AwaKvix| GLv‡b K‡qKwU Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|

1. UjyDBm ivRnvum (Toulouse geese) t G‡`i DrcwË d«v‡Ý| Giv gvsmj I eo AvKv‡ii ivRnuvm| †`n j¤v, cÖk¯— I Mfxi hv gvwUi mgvšÍivj K‡i iv‡L| UjyDBm ivRnuv‡mi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv G‡`i eyK DuPz, cyiy I Mfxi| Wvbv j¤v, †jR Lv‡Uv, gv_v eo, †VuvU gReyZ, Mjv j¤v I cyiy Ges cv gReyZ| cvj‡Ki i‡O Mvp I nvjKv a~m‡ii wgkªY †`Lv hvq| †VvuU, cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv Ges †PvL †Nvjv ev`vwg i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 12.7-13.0 I 9.1-10.0 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|

wPÎ 26 t UjyDBm Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm

2. A¨v¤^‡Wb (Embden) t G Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi DrcwË Rvgv©wb‡Z| G‡`i †`n cÖk¯Í, cyiy I †MvjvKvi| wcV j¤v, †mvRv I gReyZ| Wvbv `y‡Uv AvKv‡i j¤v| gv_v j¤^v I †mvRv, †VuvU gReyZ, †PvL LyeB D¾¡j n‡q _v‡K| cv Lye Lv‡Uv, cvjK k³ I myweb¨¯—| nvumv I nvuwm Df‡qB mv`v i‡Oi| †VuvU Kgjv Ges †PvL nvjKv bxj| cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 13.6-15.4 I 9.1-10.0 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|

ivRnvum g~jZ gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B cvjb Kiv nq|

UjyDBm gvsmj I eo AvKv‡ii ivRnuvm|

A¨v¤‡Wb nvumv I nvuwm Df‡qB mv`v i‡Oi|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 31

wPÎ 27 t A¨v¤‡Wb Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm

3. Avwd«Kvb ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i †ek eo I j¤^v| gv_v cÖk¯— I Mfxi| gv_vq eo ai‡bi ¸wU _v‡K| gv_v Lvuov K‡i Pjv‡div K‡i| wcV cÖk¯Í, P¨vÞv I j¤v| eyK †MvjvKvi| Wvbv eo I gReyZ Ges †jR eo| G‡`i MjK¤j i‡q‡Q hv cyiy I eo| cv gvSvwi j¤^v| nvumv I nvuwm Df‡qi gv_vi iO nvjKv ev`vwg| Mjvi cvjK nvjKv a~mi ev`vwg Ges kix‡ii evwK As‡ki cvj‡K cÖk¯Í I Kvj‡P ev`vwg †WvivKvUv `vM _v‡K| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 9.10 I 8.15 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|

wPÎ 28 t Avwd«Kvb Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm

4. Avwd«Kvb mv`v ivRnvum t G‡`i AvKvi-AvK…wZ I Aeqe Avwd«Kvb ivRnuv‡mi g‡ZvB| Z‡e, cvj‡Ki iO mv`v|

Avwd«Kvb ivRnvum AvKv‡i †ek eo I j¤v|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 32

5. Av‡gwiKvb a~mi ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| eyK cÖk¯— I Mfxi| Nvo †_‡K †jR ch©š— cvjK abyK AvK…wZi| †j‡R _v‡K P¨vÞv Lvov cvjK| gv_v AvKv‡i gvSvwi I wW¤^vK…wZi| Lvuov I gvSvwi j¤^v MjvwU Pjv‡divi mgq DuPz K‡i iv‡L| gv_vi cvjK d¨vKv‡m a~mi Ges Zv eyK ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z| kix‡ii cvjK nvjKv a~mi i‡Oi Ges Zv µgk d¨vKv‡m n‡q †cU, wcV I †j‡R mv`v cvj‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| †j‡Ri cvj‡K ev`vwg I mv`vi wgkªY n‡jI cÖvš—¸‡jv d¨vKv‡k a~mi| †VuvU, cv Ges cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| Z‡e †PvL †Nvjv‡U Kv‡jv| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 8.15 I 7.25 †KwR n‡q _v‡K| 6. a~mi †eªKb ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi Ges AZ¨šÍ gvsmj| G Rv‡Zi ivRnvu‡mi DrcwË e„‡U‡b| G RvZ LyeB cÖvYPÂj Ges De©i wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G‡`i kixi cÖk¯Í, eyK †MvjvKvi, Wvbv eo I gReyZ, Mjv wPKb I j¤v| G Rv‡Zi cv Lv‡Uv I cvjK Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv| nvumv I nvuwm Df‡qi cvjK Nb a~mi i‡Oi| cv I †VuvU jvj‡P Ges †PvL Mvp ev`vwg| nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 8.90 I 7.25 †KwR n‡q _v‡K| 7. a~mi wcVIqvjv ivRnvum t G Rv‡Zi DrcwË BD‡iv‡c| kixi gvwUi mgvšÍivj| AvKv‡i gvSvwi| wcV euvKv‡bv| j¤^v Wvbv †j‡Ri cvjKI AwZµg K‡i| gv_v cÖk¯Í I my›`i| eo eo †PvL, gv_vi cvjK a~mi| Mjvi Dc‡ii cvjK a~mi, wb‡Pi cvjK mv`v| wc‡Vi a~mi cvj‡Ki cÖvš— mv`v| eyK, kixi, cvLv, †jR mv`v| Z‡e Wvbvi cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK cvj‡Ki gv_v¸‡jv a~mi i‡Oi| †VuvU Kgjv, †PvL bxj, cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nuvwm IR‡b h_vµ‡g 7.7 I 6.8 †KwR n‡q _v‡K| 8. Pxbv ivRnvum t Pxbv ivRnvum AvKv‡i †QvU| Giv LyeB De©i Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm| G‡`i †`n myVvg I Lvov| Giv AZ¨šÍ Zrci| G‡`i wcV †ek Lv‡Uv I cÖk¯—| eyK †MvjKvi, Wvbv j¤^v I gReyZ Ges Zv kix‡ii mv‡_ gReyZfv‡e Gu‡U _v‡K| G‡`i gvSvwi AvKv‡ii gv_vq eo AvKv‡ii ¸wU _v‡K| Mjv Lye j¤v; A‡bKUv †mvqv‡bi (Swan) g‡Zv| cv Lv‡Uv I gReyZ; `ycv‡qi gvSLv‡bi ~iZ¡ †ewk| Pxbv ivRnuvm `yai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb- m¤ú~Y© mv`v I ev`vwg a~mi i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 4.55-5.45 I 3.60-4.55 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|

wPÎ 29 t Pxbv Rv‡Zi ivRnvum

Av‡gwiKvb a~mi ivRnvum AvKv‡i gvSvwi| Pjv‡divi mgq Lvuov I gvSvwi j¤v MjvwU DuPz K‡i iv‡L|

a~mi †eªKb ivRnvum LyeB cÖvYPÂj Ges De©i wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

a~mi wcVIqvjv ivRnvu‡mi kixi gvwUi mgvšÍivj| Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi|

Pxbv ivRnvum AvKv‡i †QvU| Giv LyeB De©i Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 33

9. QvB i‡Oi wcVIqvjv ivRnvum t G‡`i DrcwË Av‡gwiKvq| Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| G‡`i cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv eyK cyiy I gvsmj, wcV evuKv, gv_v eo I euvKv‡bv| gv_vi iO mv`v| Z‡e Mjvi Dc‡ii iO QvB Ges wb‡Pi iO mv`v| wc‡Vi iO mv`v| †VuvU jvj‡P, †PvL bxj Ges cv I cv‡qi cvZv jvj‡P| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 7.7 I 6.8 †KwR nq| 10. wcj MÖxgm t G Rv‡Zi DrcwË e„‡U‡b| G‡`i eyK Mfxi, cyiy I gvsmj| Wvbv j¤^v I gReyZ| †`n mvgvb¨ Lvov| gvSvwi AvKv‡ii gv_vwU wW¤^vK…wZi| cvjK k³, D¾¡j I Auv‡Uvmv‡Uv| nvumv mv`v i‡Oi; Z‡e Gi Wvbv I wc‡V a~mi i‡Oi `vM Av‡Q| nvuwmi gv_vq mv`v I a~mi i‡Oi wgkªY| Mjv I ey‡Ki a~mi i‡Oi cvjK µgk †cQb w`‡K d¨vKv‡k n‡Z n‡Z mv`v i‡O cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †VuvU Kgjv Ges †PvL †Nvjv ev`vwg i‡Oi| cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 6.35 I 5.90 †KwR n‡q _v‡K| 11. †ivgvb ivRnvum t G‡`i DrcwË f‚ga¨mvMixq GjvKvq| Giv AvKv‡i †QvU| D¾¡j mv`v i‡Oi G ivRnvu‡mi †`n myVvg, Mfxi I †MvjvKvi| Giv ¯^fv‡e kvšÍ| †`‡n nv‡oi Zzjbvq AvbycvwZK nv‡i gvs‡mi cwigvY †ewk| Mjv Lvov| cv Lv‡Uv| †VuvU, cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv Ges †PvL nvjKv bxj i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 5.45-6.35 I 4.55-5.45 †KwR n‡q _v‡K| 12. wmev‡÷vcj ivRnuvm (Sebastopol geese) t c~e© BD‡iv‡c m„ó G Rv‡Zi ivRnvu‡mi †`n Lvov, †cPv‡bv I Aweb¨¯— mv`v cvj‡K Ave„Z| Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| IR‡bi Zzjbvq G‡`i‡K †`L‡Z A‡bK eo g‡b nq| Giv †ek gvsmj n‡q _v‡K| eyK †ek cyiy I Mfxi| cv Lv‡Uv I gReyZ| cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv Ges †PvL D¾¡j bxj i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 6.35 I 5.44 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|

wPÎ 30 t wmev‡÷vcj Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm

†`kx ivRnvum t evsjv‡`‡k ivuRnvm cvjb †Zgb RbwcÖq bq| evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ G‡`‡k ivRnuvm †cvlv nq bv| Z‡e A‡b‡K mL K‡i cy‡l _v‡Kb| G cv‡V ewY©Z ivRnuv‡mi RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwUI G‡`‡k †bB| G‡`‡ki †`kx ivRnuvm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ `yai‡bi iO †`Lv hvq| GKwUi †`‡ni iO wKQyUv Avwd«Kvb ivRnuv‡mi i‡Oi b¨vq| Ab¨wU cy‡ivcywi mv`v|

wmev‡÷vcyj ivRnvu‡mi †`n Lvov, †cPv‡bv I Aweb¨¯— mv`v cvj‡K Ave„Z|

G‡`‡k evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ ivRnuvm †cvlv nq bv|

QvB i‡Oi wcVIqvjv ivRnvu‡mi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv G‡`i eyK cyi“ I gvsmj, wcV evuKv, gv_v eo I evuKv‡bv|

wcj MÖxgm Rv‡Zi DrcwË e„‡U‡b| G‡`i eyK Mfxi, cyi“ I gvsmj|

†ivgvb ivRnvum AvKv‡i †QvU| D¾¡j mv`v i‡Oi G ivRnvu‡mi †`n myVvg, Mfxi I †MvjvKvi|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 34

wPÎ 31 t ev”Pvmn †`kx ivRnuvm

Abykxjb (Activity) t wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi IRb Q‡Ki gva¨‡g †`Lvb|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 35

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.4

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√)w`b|

K. ivRnuvm g~jZ wK‡mi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq? i) wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ii) wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ iii) gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ iv) †MBg evW© wn‡m‡e

L. †Kvb&wU‡K m‡ev©rK…ó Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq? i) Pxbv ivRnvum ii) Av‡gwiKvb a~mi ivRnvum iii) A¨v¤^‡Wb ivRnvum iv) Avwd«Kvb ivRnvum

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. Avwd«Kvb ivRnuv‡mi nuvmv I nuvwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 9.10 I 8.15 †KwR| L. a~mi wcVIqvjv ivRnuv‡mi †VvuU bxj, †PvL Kgjv, cv I cv‡qi cvZv jvj i‡Oi|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiyb|

K. Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm AvKv‡i †QvU| L. Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi DrcwË Rvg©vwb‡Z|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. †Kvb& Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi DrcwË d«v‡Ý? L. †Kvb& Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm †`L‡Z †mvqv‡bi (Swan) g‡Zv?

�

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 36

cvV 1.5 KeyZi I wMwb dvD‡ji cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � M„ncvwjZKi‡Yi BwZnvmmn KeyZ‡ii cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � wewfbœ Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| � †¯‹vqve Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix K‡qKwU KeyZ‡ii Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � wMwb dvD‡ji cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � wMwb dvD‡ji wewfbœ DcRv‡Zi bvg I ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

KeyZ‡ii cwiwPwZ KeyZi kvwš—i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| c„w_exi me©Î KeyZi †`Lv hvq| gvbyl I KeyZ‡ii m¤úK© AwZ cÖvPxbKv‡ji| Z‡e K‡e, KLb, †Kv_vq KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g m¤úK© M‡o D‡VwQj Zv wb‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| RxeweÁvbxiv wek¦vm K‡ib, KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g cwiPq N‡U AvR †_‡K cÖvq 5,000-6,000 eQi Av‡M| cÖvq GK nvRvi eQi Av‡M G‡`iB GKwU cÖRvwZ‡K †cvl gvwb‡q M„ncvwjZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, G wb‡qI h‡_ó gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov cÖ_g †Kv_vq G‡`i †cvl gvbv‡bv n‡qwQj Zv wb‡qI h‡_ó gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †KD e‡jb wjweqvq, †KD e‡jb e¨vwej‡b| Avevi A‡b‡K e‡jb, wgkwiqivB me©cÖ_g KeyZi †cvlv ïiy K‡i| †m hvB †nvK, gvbe mf¨Zvi weKv‡k KeyZ‡ii h‡_ó Ae`vb I ¸iyZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

cÎ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e GK mgq evZ©vevnK KeyZi e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv| wMÖm, wgki, Pxb, e„‡Ub cÖf…wZ eû †`‡k KeyZi‡K ÔWvK evnKÕ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| fviZel© kvmb Avg‡j †gvNjiv KeyZi‡K cÖwk¶Y w`‡q hy‡×i Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Ávbx gymwjg mywd mvaK I Bmjvg ag© cÖPviK nhiZ kvnRvjvj (it) G‡`‡k Avmvi mgq m‡½ K‡i KeyZi wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb †h¸‡jvi eskaiivB AvR ÔRvjvwj KeyZiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii DrcwË cvnvwo KeyZi (rock pigeon) ev Columba livia (†Kvjv¤v wjweqv) †_‡K hviv †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Rvjvwj KeyZ‡ii g‡Zv| wek¦e¨vcx M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii cÖvq 600wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| Avi G‡`i G‡KKwUi AvKvi, Mob, iO, IRb I ¸YI G‡KK iKg| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ Rv‡Zi KeyZi i‡q‡Q| Av‡gwiKvi wmjfvi I †nvqvBU wKs;

-BD‡iv‡ci †nvgvi, †nvmv; Rvcv‡bi gywj ; Px‡bi MRexb; fvi‡Zi jv°v, wMwievR, gq~icw•L, R¨v‡Kvweb; Biv‡bi wmivwR; wgm‡ii eveiv BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ KeyZ‡ii RvZ| GQvovI i‡q‡Q ej, wPjøv, mymvÏvg, mvwU©b, Uªv‡¤úU, Uv¤^jvi Ges AviI A‡bK Rv‡Zi KeyZi| Avgv‡`i †`kxq Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii g‡a¨ †Mvjv, †Mvwj, WvDKv, KvDqv, nvgKv”Qv, †jvUb, gyw° BZ¨vw` cÖavb|

†¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix KeyZ‡ii RvZ K‡qKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L KeyZi cvjb Kiv nq| †hgb- †¯‹vqve Drcv`b, wPËwe‡bv`b, KeyZ‡ii †iwms BZ¨vw`| Z‡e Gi g‡a¨ †¯‹vqve Drcv`bB cÖavb| †¯‹vqve (squab) n‡jv 4 mßvn eq‡mi KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv hv‡`i‡K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †¯‹vqv‡ei gvsm AZ¨š— big, my¯^v`y I cywóKi| †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b Av‡gwiKvi mv`v I wmjfvi wKs DcRv‡Zi KeyZi AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| Giv eQ‡i m‡e©v”P GMvi †Rvov ev”Pv w`‡Z m¶g| KeyZ‡ii A‡bK Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ gvÎ K‡qKwU evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nq| †hgb- wKs (wmjfvi I †nvqvBU), KvibvD, †¯‹vqvwes †nvgvi, gb‡WBb, Rvqv›U Av‡gwiKvb †µ÷, iv›U, Rvqv›U †nvgvi, gvj‡Um, nv‡½wiqvb, †÷ªmvim, †d¬v‡ibwUb, †cvwjk wjsKm Ges G‡`i msKi| Z‡e

KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g cwiPq N‡U AvR †_‡K cÖvq 5,000-6,000 eQi Av‡M|

M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii DrcwË cvnvwo KeyZi †_‡K hviv †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Rvjvwj KeyZ‡ii g‡Zv| c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq 600 Rv‡Zi KeyZi i‡q‡Q|

†¯‹vqve n‡jv 4 mßvn eq‡mi KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv| G‡`i gvsm AZ¨š— big, my¯v y I cywóKi|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 37

G‡`i g‡a¨ wKs, KvibvD Ges †nvgvi we‡k¦ †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b L¨vwZm¤úbœ| GLv‡b †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix wZbwU Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|

K− †Mvjv Rv‡Zi KeyZi

L− wmjfvi wKs DcRv‡Zi KeyZi M− wmivwR Rv‡Zi KeyZi

wPÎ 32 (K, L I M) t wewfbœ RvZ/DcRv‡Zi KeyZi

1. wKs (King) wKs Rv‡Zi DrcwË hy³iv‡óª| G Rv‡Zi †gvU 5wU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v- mv`v, wmjfvi, bxj, jvj I njy`| Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mv`v I wmjfvi DcRvZB e¨envi Kiv nq|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 38

K. mv`v wKs (White King) t †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b GwU me‡P‡q RbwcÖq DcRvZ| mv`v iv›U, mv`v gvj‡Um, mv`v Wz‡Pm I mv`v †nvgvi †_‡K GRv‡Zi KeyZi ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i †`n gReyZ| cv cwi®‹vi, cv‡qi bvjvq †Kv‡bv cvjK †bB| cy‡iv †`n mv`v cvj‡K k³‡cv³fv‡e †gvov‡bv| †jR Lvov, †`n gvsmj| cÖwZwU †¯‹vqv‡ei IRb cÖvq 0.5 †KwR n‡jB evRviRvZ Kiv nq| RevB Kivi ci A_©vr †WªmW †¯‹vqve¸‡jv †Zgb GKUv †MvjMvj nq bv| eis wKQyUv †KvbvK…wZi nq| cÖvßeq¯‹ KeyZ‡ii IRb cªvq 735 Mªvg n‡q _v‡K|

L. wmjfvi wKs (Silver King) t †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b G DcRvZwU GKmgq †ek RbwcÖq wQj| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b G‡`i RbwcÖqZv mv`v wKs †_‡K A‡bK Kg| G DcRv‡Zi KeyZi iv›U, gvj‡Um, †nvgvi I gb‡WBb †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ A‡bKUv mv`v wKs‡qi g‡ZvB| Z‡e AvKvi-AvK…wZ‡Z †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix KeyZ‡ii g‡a¨ GivB me‡P‡q eo nq| G‡`i †¯‹vqv‡ei IRbI mv`v wKs‡qi †_‡K wKQyUv †ewk nq| ZvQvov Giv mv`v wKs‡qi †_‡KI †ewk †cvl gv‡b|

wPÎ 33 t Rvjvwj KeyZi

2. KvibvD (Carneaux) KvibvD‡qiI 5wU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v- jvj, mv`v, njy`, Kv‡jv I Wvb (dun)| Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ jvj I mv`v KvibvDB †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

K. jvj KvibvD (Red Carneaux) t G‡`i DrcwË †ejwRqv‡gi `w¶YvÂj I d«v‡Ýi DËiv‡j| Giv AZ¨š— cwikªgx cvwL I my¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvix| Giv wKs †_‡K wKQyUv †QvU AvK…wZi| Giv †mvRv n‡q uvovq| G‡`i †`n gReyZ, cvjK †`‡n k³fv‡e †j‡M _v‡K| G‡`i †jR gvwU ¯úk© K‡i| G‡`i cv‡qi bvjvq †Kv‡bv cvjK †bB| †¯‹vqv‡ei Mv‡qi Pvgovi iO mv`v| †WªmW †¯‹vqve †MvjMvj n‡q _v‡K| cÖvßeq¯‹ cvwLi IRb cÖvq 700 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i †`n jvj; Z‡e Zvi Dci wKQy mv`v i‡Oi †Qvc i‡q‡Q|

L. mv`v KvibvD (White Carneaux) t mv`v KvibvD‡qi DrcwË hy³iv‡óª| G‡`i‡K †¯cÖmW †d«Ý I †ejwRqvg jvj KvibvD †_‡K Drcbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Giv Aí mg‡q †ewk Drcv`b †`qvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| Av‡gwiKvq Giv Lye fv‡jv DcRv‡Zi †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix KeyZi| G‡`i †¯‹vqv‡ei Pvgovi iO wKQyUv †Mvjvwc| †¯‹vqv‡ei IRb cÖvq 450 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K|

mv`v wKs †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b me‡P‡q RbwcÖq DcRvZ|

†¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b wmjfvi wKs‡qi RbwcÖqZv mv`v wKs †_‡K A‡bK Kg|

jvj KvibvD AZ¨š— cwikªgx cvwL I my¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvix|

mv`v KvibvD Aí mg‡q †ewk Drcv`b †`qvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 39

3. †nvgvi (Homer) †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GwU GKwU RbwcÖq RvZ| G‡`iI 5wU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v- bxj, jvj, wmjfvi, njy` I Icvj| Z‡e gvs‡mi Rb¨ bxj I jvj DcRvZB e¨envi Kiv nq| hw`I wKs, KvibvD cÖf…wZi Zzjbvq G‡`i Pvwn`v Kg Z_vwc A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB G RvZwU †ek RbwcÖq| Giv AvKv‡i †QvU| G‡`i †`n gReyZ| cv‡qi bvjvq †Kv‡bv cvjK †bB| G‡`i †`n k³‡cv³ cvjK w`‡q †gvov‡bv| G‡`i‡K jvjbcvjb Ki‡Z Kg RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| G‡KKwU †¯‹vqv‡ei IRb nq cÖvq 400 MÖvg|

Abykxjb (Activity) t †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ RvZ/DcRv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ QK AvKv‡i ˆZwi Kiyb|

wMwb dvD‡ji cwiwPwZ wZwZi ev wMwb dvD‡ji ˆeÁvwbK bvg Numida meleagris (bywgWv g¨vwjqvwMªm)| Avwd«Kvi cwðg DcK‚‡ji †`k¸‡jv wMwb dvD‡ji Drcw˯’j| mvaviYZ gvs‡mi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU `‡j wMwb dvDj cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e A‡b‡K mL K‡iI wMwb dvDj cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡`i †ivMcÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv †ewk Ges gvsm my¯^v`y| wMwb dvD‡ji wZbwU DcRvZ Av‡Q| †hgb− cvj©, mv`v I j¨v‡fÛvi| G‡`i g‡a¨ cvj© DcRvZ me©v‡c¶v RbwcÖq| cv‡j©i a~mi cvj‡Ki gv‡S mv`v i‡Oi †dvUv ev gy‡³vi g‡Zv cvj© (pearl) _v‡K| mv`v DcRv‡Zi cvjK mv`v i‡Oi| Z‡e, j¨v‡fÛv‡ii nvjKv a~mi cvj‡Ki gv‡S wbcybfv‡e mv`v i‡Oi †dvUv _v‡K| hw`I cyiyl I ¯¿x wMwb dvDj †Pbv KóKi ZeyI gv_vi gyKzU, IqvUj I Mjvi ¯‡ii Ici wfwË K‡i Ges AwfÁZv w`‡q G‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq| Giv GwcÖj gv‡mi w`‡K wWg cvov ïiy K‡i Ges †m‡Þ¤i-A‡±vei gv‡m wWg cvov eÜ K‡i| m¤cÖwZ wKQy AvaywbK †÷ªBb D×vweZ n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv 140-160wU wWg w`‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡`i †`kx wMwb dvDj 70-80wU wWg w`‡q _v‡K| cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ 4/5wU ¿x wMwb dvD‡ji m‡½ GKwU cyiyl wMwb dvDj ivL‡Z nq| wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei n‡Z 28 w`b mgq jv‡M| G‡`i Kzwo‡q Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv †ewk e‡j Qvov Ae¯’vqI cvjb Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ 15-16 mßvn eq‡m G‡`i IRb 1.0-1.5 †KwR nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wZwZi ev wMwb dvDj †Zgb Rbwcªq bq| evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ G¸‡jv G‡`‡k cvjb Kiv nq bv| Z‡e, A‡b‡KB mL K‡i cy‡l _v‡Kb|

wPÎ 34 t wZwZi ev wMwb dvDj

†¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †nvgvi GKwU RbwcÖq RvZ|

Avwd«Kvi cwðg DcK‚jxq †`k¸‡jv wMwb dvD‡ji Drcw˯’j| G‡`i wZbwU DcRvZ Av‡Q| h_v- cvj©, mv`v I j¨v‡fÛvi|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k wZwZi ev wMwb dvDj †Zgb Rbwcªq bq|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 40

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.5

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|

K. KZ eQi Av‡M M„ncvwjZ cvwL wn‡m‡e KeyZi †cvlv ïi“ nq? i) cÖvq 6,000 eQi ii) cÖvq 5,000 eQi iii) cÖvq 2,000 eQi iv) cÖvq 1,000 eQi

L. †Kvb& †Kvb& Rv‡Zi KeyZi †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eZ©gvb we‡k¦ L¨vwZm¤úbœ? i) wKs, KvibvD I †nvgvi ii) iv›U, gvj‡Um I nv‡½wiqvb iii) †÷ªmvim, †d¬v‡ibwUb I wMwievR iv) †nvmv, mvwU©b I †jvUb

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb| K. †¯‹vqve n‡jv 8 mßvn eq‡mi KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv hv‡`i‡K gvsm wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| L. wMwb dvD‡ji †ivMcÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Kg I gvsm my¯^v`y|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiyb|

K. gvbe mf¨Zvi weKv‡k KeyZ‡ii h‡_ó I i‡q‡Q| L. gvsm AZ¨šÍ big, my¯^v`y I cywóKi|

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b|

K. KeyZ‡ii ˆeÁvwbK bvg Kx? L. wMwb dvD‡ji DcRvZ wZbwUi bvg Kx Kx?

�

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 41

e¨envwiK

cvV 1.6 wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj kbv³KiY

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nvum, gyiwM, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj wb‡R wb‡R kbv³ Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|

cÖvmw½K Z_¨ G †Kvm©eB‡qi M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb As‡ki cvV 1.1−1.5 ch©š— fv‡jvfv‡e co~b| Gme cvV †_‡K wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nvum, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvD‡ji kYv³Kvix ˆewk󨸇jv †R‡b wbb| ZvQvov G cv‡V †`qv wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ/DcRvZ¸‡jvi iwOb Qwe (wPÎ 35-79) fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Kiyb| wPÎ 35 t evW© cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 36 t njy` cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

wPÎ 37 t eø¨vK †jMnb© DcRv‡Zi gyiwM wPÎ 38 t †nvqvBU †jMnb© DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 42

wPÎ 39 t eø¨vK wgbK©v DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 40 t eø¨vK wgbK©v DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

wPÎ 41 t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 42 t A¨vb‡Kvbv Rv‡Zi gyiwM

wPÎ 43 t A÷ªvjc© †gviM wPÎ 44 t A÷ªvjc© gyiwM

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 43

wPÎ 45 t dvBIwg Rv‡Zi gyiwM wPÎ 46 t KvwY©k ev BwÛqvb †Mg Rv‡Zi †gviM

wPÎ 47 t jvBU mv‡m· DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 48 t jvBU mv‡m· DcRv‡Zi gyiwM

wPÎ 49 t WvK© eªvngv DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 50 t †nvqvBU †KvwPb DcRv‡Zi †gviM

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 44

wPÎ 51 t †`kx †gviM wPÎ 52 t †`kx gyiwM

wPÎ 53 t nvB‡m· eªvDb †jqvi gyiwM wPÎ 54 t we.wf.-300 †jqvi gyiwM

wPÎ 55 t Bmv †f‡WU eªqjvi gyiwM wPÎ 56 t ÷vi †eªv eªqjvi gyiwM

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 45

wPÎ 57 t AvB‡jmevwi Rv‡Zi nvum wPÎ 58 t gvm‡Kvwf Rv‡Zi nuvm

wPÎ 59 t †iv‡qb Rv‡Zi nuvm wPÎ 60 t BwÛqvb ivbvi Rv‡Zi nuvm

wPÎ 61 t LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej Rv‡Zi nuvm wPÎ 62 t †RbwWs Rv‡Zi nvum

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 46

wPÎ 63 t Kj Rv‡Zi nuvwm wPÎ 64 t †µ‡÷W Rv‡Zi nuvwm

wPÎ 65 t Kv‡qvMv Rv‡Zi nuvmv wPÎ 66 t GK SuvK †`kx nvum

wPÎ 67 t dvivI DcRv‡Zi gvw` †Kv‡qj wPÎ 68 t eªvDb gvw` †Kv‡qj

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 47

wPÎ 69 t UjyDBm Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm wPÎ 70 t A¨v¤‡Wb Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm

wPÎ 71 t Avwd«Kvb Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm wPÎ 72 t Pxbv Rv‡Zi ivRnvum

wPÎ 73 t wmev‡÷vcj Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm wPÎ 74 t ev”Pvmn †`kx ivRnuvm

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 48

wPÎ 75 t †Mvjv Rv‡Zi KeyZi

wPÎ 76 t wmivwR Rv‡Zi KeyZi

wPÎ 77 t u†nvqvBU wKs DcRv‡Zi KeyZi

wPÎ 78 t uRvjvwj KeyZi wPÎ 79 t wZwZi ev wMwb dvDj

wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ I cwiwPwZ

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iyivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 49

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY 1. wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj| 2. Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j, e¨envwiK LvZv BZ¨vw`| Kv‡Ri aviv • cÖ_‡g wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM GKwU N‡i ivLyb| • Gevi G‡`i ˆewkó¨vejx fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kiyb| • ZvwË¡K cv‡V cov I G cv‡Vi iwOb Qwe¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨vejxi m‡½

G‡`i ˆewkó¨vejx wgwj‡q wbb| • Gevi Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖwZwU RvZ‡K wb‡R wb‡R kbv³ Kiyb| • Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g GKB c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb

dvDj kbv³ Kiyb| • e¨envwiK LvZvq cÖ‡Z¨K Rv‡Zi cvwLi Qwe AvuKzb I kYv³Kvix ˆewkó¨vejx wjLyb| • cy‡iv ch©‡e¶Y cÖwµqvwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb Ges wUDUi‡K †`wL‡q

Zv‡Z mB wbb| mveavbZv • cvwL ch©‡e¶YKv‡j G‡`i‡K †ewk wei³ Ki‡eb bv| • AZ¨šÍ mveavbZvi m‡½ wewfbœ cÖRvwZ I Rv‡Zi cvwLi ˆewk󨸇jv ch©‡e¶Y Kiyb|

M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 50

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb - BDwbU 1

msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1| †kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ, †÷ªBb, †jqvi, eªqjvi cÖf…wZ ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? D`vniY w`b| 2| †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Ges †jMnb© Rv‡Zi gyiwMi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Kiyb| 3| wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nvum I †Kv‡qj cvjb Kiv me‡P‡q

jvfRbK? G‡`i Drcv`b ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Kiyb| 4| evsjv‡`‡ki †cvwëª cwiev‡ii me‡P‡q bexb m`‡m¨i cwiwPwZ wjLyb| 5| gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM, nvum, †Kv‡qj I KeyZ‡ii †gvU 20wU Rv‡Zi bvg wjLyb| 6| evsjv‡`‡ki †`kx gyiwM, nuvm, ivRnuvm I KeyZi m¤ú‡K© hv Rvbyb wjLyb| 7| QK AvKv‡i wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ wjLyb| 8| †Kv‡q‡ji wewfbœ DcRv‡Zi bvg wjLyb I †jqvi †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Kiyb| 9| wKs I KvibvD Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii DrcwË, ˆ`wnK I Drcv`b ˆewkó¨ wjLyb| 10| wMwb dvDj m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß iPbv wjLyb| DËigvjv - BDwbU 1

cvV 1.1 1| K. ii 1| L. iv 2| K. m 2| L. wg 3| K. wgbK©v 3| L. 4.0-4.5 I 3.0-3.5 -4| K. A‡÷ªwjqvb e ¨vK AiwcsUb 4| L. †MÖ wPUvMvs cvV 1.2 1| K. ii 1| L. i 2| K. wg 2| L. wg 3| K. †`kx 3| L. gvm‡Kvwf 4| K. gvsm Drcv`bKvix, wWg Drcv`bKvix I †kvfvea©K 4| L. mv`v, a~mi I mv`v-a~mi cvV 1.3 1| K. iii 1| L. i 2| K. wg 2| L. wg 3| K. 290-300wU 3| L. big I my¯^v`y 4| K. G. wf. Gg. n¨vPvwiR GÛ weªwWs wimvP© †m›Uvi (cÖvt) wjwg‡UW 4| L. †Kv‡q‡ji wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO Mvp nj‡` †_‡K nvjKv ev`vwg| Gi Dci AmsL¨ †QvU-eo bxj, L‡qwi, †e¸wb ev P‡Kv‡jU i‡Oi KviyKvR| cvV 1.4 1| K. iii 1| L. iii 2| K. m 2| L. wg 3| K. †ivgvb 3| L. A¨v¤^‡Wb 4| K. UjyDBm ivRnuvm 4| L. Pxbv ivRnuvm cvV 1.5 1| K. iv 2| L. i 2| K. m 3| L. wg 3| K. Ae`vb, ¸iyZ¡ 3| L. †¯‹vqv‡ei 4| K. Columba livia 4| L. cvj©, mv`v I †j‡fÛvi