bc 1 - implementation issues & current revisions … 1 implementation issues.pdf · bc 1: 2008...

BC 1: 2008BC 1: 2008

Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues

& Current Revisions& Current Revisions

by:by:

Chiew SingChiew Sing--PingPing

Nanyang Technological UniversityNanyang Technological University

SingaporeSingapore

http://www.bca.gov.sg/Publications/others/Design_Guide_on_use_of_Structural_Steel.pdfhttp://www.bca.gov.sg/Publications/others/Explanatory_Notes_for_BC1-2008.pdf

Since January 2009

Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues

BC 1: 2008BC 1: 2008

Urghhh !!Urghhh !!

�� To allow a wider choice of steel materials to To allow a wider choice of steel materials to achieve greater economy and sustainability achieve greater economy and sustainability

�� To ensure product conformity, quality and To ensure product conformity, quality and traceability in materials from various sourcestraceability in materials from various sources

Deliverables:Deliverables:

�� Use only adequate & reliable alternative materials Use only adequate & reliable alternative materials to ensure public safetyto ensure public safety

�� Optimize usage of alternative materials (e.g. use Optimize usage of alternative materials (e.g. use full design strength) for more competitive designfull design strength) for more competitive design

�� Address longAddress long--standing material problems facing standing material problems facing the steel construction sectorthe steel construction sector

BC 1 BC 1 –– ObjectivesObjectives

Two major concernsTwo major concerns

Adequacy?Adequacy? Reliability?Reliability?

Material Material

performance performance

requirementsrequirements

Quality Quality

assurance assurance


BC 1 BC 1 –– Main concernsMain concerns

BC 1 BC 1 –– Material performance Material performance

requirements requirements Steel materialsSteel materials StrengthStrength DuctilityDuctility ToughnessToughness

Chemical Chemical

compositioncompositionManufacturing Manufacturing

tolerancestolerancesOthersOthers

Steel plates, hot Steel plates, hot

rolled & hollow rolled & hollow

sections, steel for sections, steel for

cold formingcold forming11

��11 ��

11��

11 ��11 Manufacturing Manufacturing

processprocess

NonNon--preloaded & preloaded &

preloaded bolting preloaded bolting

assembliesassemblies��

Hardness, Hardness,

proof loadproof load

Welding Welding

consumablesconsumables��** ��** ��**

*all*all--weld weld

metalmetal

Profiled steel Profiled steel

sheetssheets�� Zinc coatingZinc coating

Stud shear Stud shear

connectorsconnectors�� --

The complete sets of requirements are given in Section 2 of BC1: 2008;

Materials which meet these requirements are certified steel materials, as listed in Appendix A of BC1: 2008

�� JIS G3101 (JIS G3101 (SS400SS400, SS490, etc.), SS490, etc.)

�� JIS G3444 (STK400, etc.)JIS G3444 (STK400, etc.)

�� JIS G3466 (STKR400, etc.)JIS G3466 (STKR400, etc.)

�� ASTM ASTM A500A500

�� BS 4360 (BS 4360 (43A43A, 50A, etc.), 50A, etc.)

�� DIN 931 / DIN 933DIN 931 / DIN 933

NonNon--certified steel materialscertified steel materials

still being used and available in large quantity!!

�� Manufacturer test certificate (MTC)Manufacturer test certificate (MTC)

�� Factory production control (FPC)Factory production control (FPC)

certificatecertificate

Why MTC not good enough?

BC 1 BC 1 –– Quality assurance Quality assurance

requirements requirements

Clas s 2Class 1 Clas s 3

Adequacy as s es s ment

(s e e 4 .1 )

Stee l mate rials for

s tructural us e in Singapore

Re liability as s es s ment

(se e 4 .2 )

Re liability as s es s ment

(s e e 4 .2 )

by ce r tifica t ion

(s e e 4 .1 .1)

by ma te r ia l te s t ing

(s e e 4 .1 .2 )

Ke y:

Pass

Fa il

BC 1 BC 1 –– Design frameworkDesign framework

BS EN, ASTM, AS/NZS, JIS & GB For e.g. IS, KS, API

Not common route !!

�� An An interim measure interim measure for certified steel materialsfor certified steel materials

�� The material can be treated as The material can be treated as Class 2Class 2 if its if its

adequacy & reliability are guaranteed through adequacy & reliability are guaranteed through

material testing and control plan, e.g. material material testing and control plan, e.g. material

testing based on testing based on 1 test unit per batch/heat1 test unit per batch/heat, test , test

report from accredited laboratory and material report from accredited laboratory and material

compliance reportcompliance report

�� Implication:Implication:

We (instead of steel mills) continue to shoulder We (instead of steel mills) continue to shoulder

the quality problem!the quality problem!

BC 1 BC 1 –– Cl. 4.4 Alternative route Cl. 4.4 Alternative route

�� We have taken a bold step to liberalize the use of We have taken a bold step to liberalize the use of

steel materials in Singapore. We now have a wider steel materials in Singapore. We now have a wider

choice to choose steel from more diverse sources; choice to choose steel from more diverse sources;

however, it is important in the process, we do not however, it is important in the process, we do not

compromise quality and public safety.compromise quality and public safety.

�� While we are liberalizing, we are also tightening in While we are liberalizing, we are also tightening in

some aspects, especially on quality assurance for the some aspects, especially on quality assurance for the

steel products which are being brought into steel products which are being brought into

Singapore.Singapore.

Key Points of BC 1 (1)Key Points of BC 1 (1)

�� To qualify for To qualify for Class 1Class 1 steel, it will be necessary for steel, it will be necessary for

stockists, traders and stockists, traders and steel specialist builderssteel specialist builders to to

purchase from purchase from ‘‘audited millsaudited mills’’ who have in place who have in place

proper factory production control system, and for proper factory production control system, and for

audited mills to provide proper test certification (MTC audited mills to provide proper test certification (MTC

& FPC) for their products.& FPC) for their products.

�� Steel from Steel from ‘‘nonnon--audited millsaudited mills’’ can only qualify for can only qualify for

Class 2Class 2 under alternative route if adequacy and under alternative route if adequacy and

reliable are guaranteed through material batch/heat reliable are guaranteed through material batch/heat

testing.testing.


�� Guide is blind to Guide is blind to ‘‘country of origincountry of origin’’; all steels are ; all steels are

allowed and are treated the same, including BS/EN allowed and are treated the same, including BS/EN

steelssteels

�� ‘‘Who produces the steelWho produces the steel’’, i.e. the mills where the steel , i.e. the mills where the steel

come from will now become importantcome from will now become important

�� The intent is to raise the The intent is to raise the ‘‘material quality barmaterial quality bar’’ based on based on

‘‘trust and sharedtrust and shared--responsibilityresponsibility’’ amongst all key amongst all key

stakeholdersstakeholders


Is BC 1 your foe?Is BC 1 your foe?

BC 1 favors European mills with FPC and BC 1 favors European mills with FPC and

discredits regional Asian mills without FPC.discredits regional Asian mills without FPC.

BS materials from these regional mills without BS materials from these regional mills without

FPC will now be FPC will now be ‘‘downgradeddowngraded’’ to Class 2.to Class 2.

FPC is no guarantee of quality, material FPC is no guarantee of quality, material

testing is better.testing is better.

BC 1 gives Chinese steel specialist builders an BC 1 gives Chinese steel specialist builders an

edge over local builders, byedge over local builders, by--passing many passing many

local stockists, traders and service providers in local stockists, traders and service providers in

the process.the process.

Current RevisionsCurrent Revisions

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012

Current Revisions of BC 1Current Revisions of BC 1

�� Working title: Working title: ““BC 1: 2012 Design Guide on BC 1: 2012 Design Guide on

use of alternative structural steel to BS5950 use of alternative structural steel to BS5950

and Eurocode 3and Eurocode 3”” to cover expanded scope:to cover expanded scope:--

�� Additional material categories (Section 2)Additional material categories (Section 2)

�� Specific provision to Clause 4.4 (Section 4)Specific provision to Clause 4.4 (Section 4)

�� Design parameters to Eurocode 3 (Section 5)Design parameters to Eurocode 3 (Section 5)

�� Material traceability & reusability for Material traceability & reusability for rere--use steel use steel

((newnew Section 6 for struts and sheet piles)Section 6 for struts and sheet piles)

�� Update of material standards, and hence the list of Update of material standards, and hence the list of

certified steel materials (Appendix A)certified steel materials (Appendix A)

�� Inclusion of 2 new material categories:Inclusion of 2 new material categories:--

–– HotHot--rolled steel barsrolled steel bars –– round/flat/square bars up to round/flat/square bars up to

grade 690/1000 based on EN 10058/59/60;grade 690/1000 based on EN 10058/59/60;

–– Sheet pilesSheet piles –– hothot--rolled sheet piles to JIS A5523 & rolled sheet piles to JIS A5523 &

EN 10248, coldEN 10248, cold--formed sheet piles to EN 10249; formed sheet piles to EN 10249;

pipe piles & steel piles are already covered under pipe piles & steel piles are already covered under

‘‘hothot--rolled sectionsrolled sections’’ and and ‘‘hollow sectionshollow sections’’..

Important NoteImportant Note: : Sheet piles to JIS A5528 notSheet piles to JIS A5528 not--

certified (Grades SY295 and SY390)certified (Grades SY295 and SY390)

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012

Updates in Section 2Updates in Section 2

�� Clause 4.4 Special Case is made more Clause 4.4 Special Case is made more

specific and clearer, i.e. the written plan specific and clearer, i.e. the written plan

should comprise should comprise at least one set of material at least one set of material

testing for each batch/lot of steel materialstesting for each batch/lot of steel materials

(instead of (instead of ““100% material testing100% material testing””))

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


�� Inclusion of design recommendations to Inclusion of design recommendations to EN 1993EN 1993

�� Simplification of design parameters tables for Simplification of design parameters tables for

ASTM/AS steel materials* and boltsASTM/AS steel materials* and bolts

–– *Gradual downgrading of material strengths are applied to *Gradual downgrading of material strengths are applied to ASTM/AS steel materials as thickness increasesASTM/AS steel materials as thickness increases

�� Omission of boltOmission of bolt--nutnut--washer matching tables washer matching tables ––

more appropriate to refer to the material standardsmore appropriate to refer to the material standards

�� Inclusion of GB/T 19879:2005 steels up to Q460, Inclusion of GB/T 19879:2005 steels up to Q460,

ASTM A1046:2007 profiled sheets, JSS IIASTM A1046:2007 profiled sheets, JSS II--09:1981 09:1981

S10T torshear bolts & other materials deemed S10T torshear bolts & other materials deemed

suitablesuitable

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


�� Addition of new section, i.e. Addition of new section, i.e. ““Section 6. Section 6.

Material traceability and reusabilityMaterial traceability and reusability””

�� Guidelines on the reGuidelines on the re--use of use of sheet pilessheet piles & &

steel materials in steel materials in steel strutting systemsteel strutting system used used

in ERSSin ERSS

�� Two important aspects:Two important aspects:--

–– TraceabilityTraceability

–– ReusabilityReusability

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012

Section 6Section 6NEW!!!NEW!!! (1)(1)

Material traceabilityMaterial traceability

�� The ability to trace back the source of a The ability to trace back the source of a

specific steel material to its original identity specific steel material to its original identity

as delivered from the mill, through proper as delivered from the mill, through proper

identification and quality assurance systemidentification and quality assurance system

�� Each piece of steel members to be marked Each piece of steel members to be marked

with a with a unique IDunique ID for future reference to the for future reference to the

FPC certificate, MTC, inspection record & FPC certificate, MTC, inspection record &

test reporttest report

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


Traceability/Classification of exTraceability/Classification of ex--stock materialstock material

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


Clas s 2Clas s 1

Key:

Yes

No

Ex- s to ck materials de livered without

FP C certificate for repeated us e- d e live r e d w ith man ufac ture r t e st c e r t if ic a te

- c e r t ified & list e d in Appe ndix A

Mill has s ubs equently

obtained FPC cert ificate?

Material te s ting for each batch/ lot

(se e Appendix B)

B atch/ lot known?

Material te s ting for each batch/ lot

(se e Appe ndix B)

Corre lated NDT for each member

(see Appe ndix B)

Note : Ex- stoc k ste e l mate r ials whic h do not fit into this flow c hart shall be c lass ifie d as Class 3

Material reusabilityMaterial reusability

�� The ability of the used steel materials to be The ability of the used steel materials to be

reused & to perform adequately as reused & to perform adequately as

anticipated in the designanticipated in the design

�� Good practices:Good practices:--–– Apply permanent & systematic marking;Apply permanent & systematic marking;

–– Avoid mixing of steel grades;Avoid mixing of steel grades;

–– Apply corrosion protection coatingApply corrosion protection coating

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


Reusability assessmentReusability assessment

1.1. Surface conditionSurface condition

–– ≥≥ 85% steel surface free of rust not severe than Grade C 85% steel surface free of rust not severe than Grade C

(per BS EN ISO 8501(per BS EN ISO 8501--1);1);

–– Minor repair if necessaryMinor repair if necessary

2.2. Sectional dimensionsSectional dimensions

–– Measured at 3 locations;Measured at 3 locations;

–– Measured dimension Measured dimension ≥≥ nominal dimension nominal dimension –– allowable allowable

tolerance, or relegated to next lighter sectiontolerance, or relegated to next lighter section

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012



3.3. Shape & straightnessShape & straightness

–– To comply with BS 5950To comply with BS 5950--2;2;

–– Straightening treatment if necessaryStraightening treatment if necessary

4.4. Bolts & welded connectionsBolts & welded connections

–– Visual inspection on used connections;Visual inspection on used connections;

–– Loosened/retrieved bolts not to be reLoosened/retrieved bolts not to be re--usedused

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012



BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


Use d ste e l mate rials w ith

unique /trac e able ide ntity

Quality te st re gime(se e 6 . 2 . 2 .1 , 6 .2 . 2.2 , 6. 2 .2.3 & 6 . 2 .2.4)

Re - use Re - c onditioningEc onomic

fe as ibility of re - c onditioning

Re je c t & sc rap

Pa ss

Fa il

No

Ye s

Quality systemQuality system

�� Supplier/fabricator to implement a quality system:Supplier/fabricator to implement a quality system:--

–– Material marking & identification;Material marking & identification;

–– Documentation of certificates/reports;Documentation of certificates/reports;

–– Record of usage & reconditioning history;Record of usage & reconditioning history;

–– InIn--house inspection & quality test regimeshouse inspection & quality test regimes

�� The quality system shall be audited by an The quality system shall be audited by an

independent inspection body acceptable to BCA in independent inspection body acceptable to BCA in

the first instance, followed with subsequent the first instance, followed with subsequent

surveillance audits at every 6 monthssurveillance audits at every 6 months

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012


�� All latest standards have been compared All latest standards have been compared

against the material performance against the material performance


�� The lists have been updated, including two The lists have been updated, including two

(2) new categories of materials, i.e. hot (2) new categories of materials, i.e. hot

rolled steel bars & sheet piles*rolled steel bars & sheet piles*

–– *Steel for cold forming is also accepted as *Steel for cold forming is also accepted as certified materials for cold formed sheet pilescertified materials for cold formed sheet piles

BC 1: 2012BC 1: 2012

Updates in Appendix AUpdates in Appendix A

Summary (1)Summary (1)

� Implementation issues of BC 1:-

� BC 1 provides a level playing field for all steel & promotes quality material usage

� Unless quality and consistency of the steel can be assured through proper factory production control (FPC) certification, steel can at bestqualify for Design Class 2 and an appropriate material safety factor should be used

� There are still plenty of non-certified steel being used, for e.g. BS 4360 Grade 43A, ASTM Grade A500, JIS G3101 Grade SS400, etc.

Summary (2)Summary (2)

�� Current revisions of BC 1 to cover extended Current revisions of BC 1 to cover extended

scope & updated material standards:scope & updated material standards:--

�� Additional material categories Additional material categories –– steel bars & sheet steel bars & sheet

pilespiles

�� Design recommendations to Eurocode 3Design recommendations to Eurocode 3

�� Material traceability & reusability for sheet piles & Material traceability & reusability for sheet piles &

steel strutting systemsteel strutting system

�� Update of the list of certified steel materials per Update of the list of certified steel materials per

latest material production standardslatest material production standards

�� Good for Good for stockists/traders and steel specialist builders/suppliers to keep abreast of development

Thank you!Thank you!

bc 1 - implementation issues & current revisions … 1 implementation issues.pdf · bc 1: 2008...

Documents