bba l07 dt deviation and social control

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Welcome classWelcome classBBA-L07- / /08BBA-L07- / /08

Deviation and Social Control Deviation and Social Control

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Today’s objectivesToday’s objectives

To clarify the concept of deviation along with its To clarify the concept of deviation along with its Types and Forms. Types and Forms.

To clarify the concept of Social Control and to Discus To clarify the concept of Social Control and to Discus other relevant aspects such as Types and Agencies of other relevant aspects such as Types and Agencies of Social Control. Social Control.

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Definitions of DeviationDefinitions of Deviation

What is Deviation?What is Deviation?

1.1. ““To adapt unusual Social Behavior other then on going To adapt unusual Social Behavior other then on going Social Patterns is Social Deviation” ( David Popnoe ) Social Patterns is Social Deviation” ( David Popnoe )

2.2. ““No system of Social control works perfectly. Some persons No system of Social control works perfectly. Some persons fail to behave as expected in known societies, although fail to behave as expected in known societies, although nonconformity may be defined as Social Deviation.” nonconformity may be defined as Social Deviation.” (Edgerton, 1976) (Edgerton, 1976)

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ConclusionConclusion

Every Society has its own principles laws, folkways, and Every Society has its own principles laws, folkways, and mores. These are formed according to socio economic and mores. These are formed according to socio economic and religo-geographical particular environment of the each society. religo-geographical particular environment of the each society. These are made for the welfare and betterment of the masses These are made for the welfare and betterment of the masses so that system of rights and duties agreed in society continue so that system of rights and duties agreed in society continue smoothly. That’s why in child hood it is taught to the children smoothly. That’s why in child hood it is taught to the children to follow these patterns of social behavior through to follow these patterns of social behavior through socialization. Despite this fact, some people break folkways, socialization. Despite this fact, some people break folkways, mores and laws or they don’t act upon them. Such people are mores and laws or they don’t act upon them. Such people are called Deviant Character in Society. called Deviant Character in Society.

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Kinds of Deviation Kinds of Deviation

1)1) DisapprovedDisapproved:: some people in the society violate the existing some people in the society violate the existing patterns and rules of the society for their personal benefits e.g. patterns and rules of the society for their personal benefits e.g. Criminals, Robbers, Smugglers etc. this is a sort of Disapproved Criminals, Robbers, Smugglers etc. this is a sort of Disapproved Deviation.Deviation.

2)2) ApprovedApproved:: there are some people in the society who do not like there are some people in the society who do not like the prevalent norms and laws. They consider their right to violate the prevalent norms and laws. They consider their right to violate such norms and laws. They even express their violation through such norms and laws. They even express their violation through their words and acts. They do not hide from the others. They even their words and acts. They do not hide from the others. They even instigate others to imitate them. Such people are normally called instigate others to imitate them. Such people are normally called revolutionary people which is some how approved in different revolutionary people which is some how approved in different societies. societies.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Kinds of DeviationKinds of Deviation

3)3) Relative and Absolute Deviation :Relative and Absolute Deviation : most people in modern most people in modern societies are neither completely conformist nor completely societies are neither completely conformist nor completely deviant. A completely deviant person would have a hard time deviant. A completely deviant person would have a hard time staying alive. Even the more spectacular deviants, such as staying alive. Even the more spectacular deviants, such as pyromaniacs, revolutionists, or hermits, are generally fairly pyromaniacs, revolutionists, or hermits, are generally fairly conventional in some of their activities. And nearly all “Normal” conventional in some of their activities. And nearly all “Normal” people occasionally deviant. (Wallerstein and Wyle, 1974; Gold, people occasionally deviant. (Wallerstein and Wyle, 1974; Gold, 1970). It is clear that nearly everyone in our society is Deviant to 1970). It is clear that nearly everyone in our society is Deviant to some degree, but some are more frequently and broadly deviant some degree, but some are more frequently and broadly deviant than others, and some conceal their deviant actions more fully than others, and some conceal their deviant actions more fully than others. To some extent the deviant is one who does openly than others. To some extent the deviant is one who does openly what others do secretly. what others do secretly.

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Distinguish between Deviant and CriminalDistinguish between Deviant and Criminal

Normally criminal is such person who breaks the law of the Normally criminal is such person who breaks the law of the land. But Deviant is such person who breaks the folkways, land. But Deviant is such person who breaks the folkways, mores and norms of the society. mores and norms of the society.

Distinguish between Deviant and DelinquentDistinguish between Deviant and Delinquent

Delinquent is such person in the society who breaks existing Delinquent is such person in the society who breaks existing folkways, mores and norms and social patterns. An age limit folkways, mores and norms and social patterns. An age limit for the Delinquent is 7 to 18 years but for Deviant there is no for the Delinquent is 7 to 18 years but for Deviant there is no age limit. age limit.

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Causes of Social Deviation Causes of Social Deviation

1)1) Lake in SocializationLake in Socialization : Socialization plays vital role in forming : Socialization plays vital role in forming a good and responsible citizen if the process of socialization is a good and responsible citizen if the process of socialization is not given proper attention then, the degree of social deviation not given proper attention then, the degree of social deviation increases in society. Due to lake in socialization by the relevant increases in society. Due to lake in socialization by the relevant social institution such as family. social institution such as family.

2)2) RidgedRidged : if the culture of society is un-flexible and un- : if the culture of society is un-flexible and un-compatible to the changing circumstances the new generation compatible to the changing circumstances the new generation expresses its anxiety over this rigidity. They deviate from such expresses its anxiety over this rigidity. They deviate from such norms e.g. the norm inter caste marriages exchanged marriages norms e.g. the norm inter caste marriages exchanged marriages (watta – satta) and dowry. (watta – satta) and dowry.

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( Continue)( Continue) Causes of Social DeviationCauses of Social Deviation

3.3. Unpopular Social LawsUnpopular Social Laws : : some time the governments in acts some time the governments in acts such laws which may be in the interest of the government but not such laws which may be in the interest of the government but not in the public interest. So, the people deliberately deviate from in the public interest. So, the people deliberately deviate from them they protest against such things e.g. some years ago the them they protest against such things e.g. some years ago the laws of south African apartheid government were not in the laws of south African apartheid government were not in the interest of the majority of Black population so they use to interest of the majority of Black population so they use to Deviate from them. Deviate from them.

4.4. Extra Ordinary Exploitation Extra Ordinary Exploitation : : if any group or nation is if any group or nation is suffering from extra ordinary exploitation then such group or suffering from extra ordinary exploitation then such group or nation may Deviate and protest over the exploitation to attract the nation may Deviate and protest over the exploitation to attract the attention of the government or international community. e.g. the attention of the government or international community. e.g. the object of freedom fighter in Kashmir is to attract the attention of object of freedom fighter in Kashmir is to attract the attention of Indian Government and international community to wards their Indian Government and international community to wards their rights of self determination. rights of self determination.

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( Continue)( Continue) Causes of Social DeviationCauses of Social Deviation

5.5. Cultural Invasion Cultural Invasion : : if any is confronting the cultural if any is confronting the cultural invasion of any other culture to the extreme degree the invasion of any other culture to the extreme degree the people deviate from their on cultural patterns and do people deviate from their on cultural patterns and do adopt the others cultural patterns. e.g. in our society we adopt the others cultural patterns. e.g. in our society we are heavily influence by the Indian and western culture. are heavily influence by the Indian and western culture.

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Negative Effects of Deviation Negative Effects of Deviation

A.A. SSocial Deviance weakens the grip of norms which causes social ocial Deviance weakens the grip of norms which causes social disorganization.disorganization.

B.B. SSocial Deviance creates sense of insecurity which bring about ocial Deviance creates sense of insecurity which bring about separatist movement in society. separatist movement in society.

C.C. NNormally, social norms are the reflection of generally social ormally, social norms are the reflection of generally social environment of society. If people break them they may indulge environment of society. If people break them they may indulge in various problems. e.g. increase of love marriages has in various problems. e.g. increase of love marriages has enhanced the divorce in Pakistan. enhanced the divorce in Pakistan.

D.D. IIt increases the crime rate. t increases the crime rate.

E.E. DDue to social deviation social institution become weak enough ue to social deviation social institution become weak enough by which the process of socialization get effected negatively by which the process of socialization get effected negatively raising delinquency in the society. e.g. the collapse of family raising delinquency in the society. e.g. the collapse of family institution has created great vacuum in European societies. institution has created great vacuum in European societies.

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Positive Effects of Deviation Positive Effects of Deviation

1)1) NNormally social deviants are those whose behavior is different ormally social deviants are those whose behavior is different than prevalent social norms. In ancient time when human being than prevalent social norms. In ancient time when human being use to spend natural life there were so many uncivilized norms in use to spend natural life there were so many uncivilized norms in practice. If people have not deviated from them the society would practice. If people have not deviated from them the society would have the same as it was thousand years before. So, social have the same as it was thousand years before. So, social deviance is necessary for social development and betterment. deviance is necessary for social development and betterment.

2)2) SSocial deviance becomes the cause of social revolutions. e.g. the ocial deviance becomes the cause of social revolutions. e.g. the revolution of Karl Marx was because of his Deviance from revolution of Karl Marx was because of his Deviance from economic system of the time. Similarly, Muslims of sub content economic system of the time. Similarly, Muslims of sub content deviated from socio economic and political system of sub content deviated from socio economic and political system of sub content India which led the creation of new Islamic state Pakistan. India which led the creation of new Islamic state Pakistan.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Positive Effects of DeviationPositive Effects of Deviation

3)3) SSeveral autocrats governments impose laws opposite to the will everal autocrats governments impose laws opposite to the will of the people. In this cause deviance becomes necessary for the of the people. In this cause deviance becomes necessary for the protection of the rights of the people. e.g. it was necessary for protection of the rights of the people. e.g. it was necessary for the people of south Africa to deviate from the laws promulgated the people of south Africa to deviate from the laws promulgated by apartheid regime of that time. by apartheid regime of that time.

4)4) SSome time, social deviance reclaims in the existing social norms ome time, social deviance reclaims in the existing social norms which benefit the society in large. e.g. in past it was social norm which benefit the society in large. e.g. in past it was social norm to keep the girls un educated but these this social norm is totally to keep the girls un educated but these this social norm is totally otherwise which has improved the status of women in society. otherwise which has improved the status of women in society.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Positive Effects of DeviationPositive Effects of Deviation

5)5) IIn our society the people mostly act upon the n our society the people mostly act upon the negatives social norms because of the fear of the negatives social norms because of the fear of the society. e.g. dowry, inter caste marriage and society. e.g. dowry, inter caste marriage and exchange marriages. If the people would not dare to exchange marriages. If the people would not dare to deviate from them the society would continue to deviate from them the society would continue to indulge in many problems. If social deviance is for indulge in many problems. If social deviance is for social welfare and value able objective is beneficial social welfare and value able objective is beneficial but if it is only personal benefits it is harmful. but if it is only personal benefits it is harmful.

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Definition of Social Control Definition of Social Control

What is Social Control?What is Social Control?

1)1) BBrearly- “ Social control is collective term for those rearly- “ Social control is collective term for those processes and agencies, planned and unplanned, by which processes and agencies, planned and unplanned, by which individuals are taught, persuaded or compelled to conform individuals are taught, persuaded or compelled to conform to the usages and life value of the group to which they to the usages and life value of the group to which they belong.”belong.”

2)2) GGillin and Gillin- “ Social control is that system of illin and Gillin- “ Social control is that system of measures, suggestion, persuasion, restraint and coercion by measures, suggestion, persuasion, restraint and coercion by whatever means, including physical force, by which a whatever means, including physical force, by which a society brings into conformity to the approved pattern of society brings into conformity to the approved pattern of behavior a subgroup or by which a group moulds in to behavior a subgroup or by which a group moulds in to conformity its members. ”conformity its members. ”

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Definition of Social ControlDefinition of Social Control

3)3) MMaclver and Page- “ By social order is meant the way in aclver and Page- “ By social order is meant the way in which the entire social order coheres and maintains itself, which the entire social order coheres and maintains itself, how it operates, as a changing equilibrium.” how it operates, as a changing equilibrium.”

4)4) GGurvitch and Moore- “ Social control can be defined as the urvitch and Moore- “ Social control can be defined as the some total or rather whole of cultural patrons, social some total or rather whole of cultural patrons, social symbols, collective spiritual meanings, values, ideas and symbols, collective spiritual meanings, values, ideas and ideals, as well as acts and process, directly connected with ideals, as well as acts and process, directly connected with them, where by inclusive of society, every particular group them, where by inclusive of society, every particular group and every participating individual member over come and every participating individual member over come tensions and conflicts with in themselves through temporary tensions and conflicts with in themselves through temporary equilibrium and takes steps for new creative efforts.” equilibrium and takes steps for new creative efforts.”

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Conclusion Conclusion

Social control is the control of society over the Social control is the control of society over the individual, some of man’s tendencies are beneficial to individual, some of man’s tendencies are beneficial to society while others are detrimental to its interest. Their society while others are detrimental to its interest. Their can be no question of controlling the beneficial can be no question of controlling the beneficial tendencies. Thus social control is exercised by society tendencies. Thus social control is exercised by society over the undesirable or harmful tendencies of man. This over the undesirable or harmful tendencies of man. This is not governmental control. Governmental control is is not governmental control. Governmental control is based upon force and is enforced upon the individual based upon force and is enforced upon the individual externally. Social control is self control. It keeps on externally. Social control is self control. It keeps on changing in accordance with the changes in Society. changing in accordance with the changes in Society.

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Types of Social Control Types of Social Control

Karl Mannheim-Karl Mannheim-

1) 1) Direct Social control-Direct Social control- this is the control exercised upon this is the control exercised upon the individual by the reactions of the people living in the individual by the reactions of the people living in proximity. Such control is found existing in the family, proximity. Such control is found existing in the family, neighborhood, play group, and other primary groups. An neighborhood, play group, and other primary groups. An individual is deeply influenced by the opinion and views of his individual is deeply influenced by the opinion and views of his parents, colleagues, neighbors and those who work with him. parents, colleagues, neighbors and those who work with him. His behavior is determined Ed or controlled by their criticism, His behavior is determined Ed or controlled by their criticism, derogation, praise, suggestion or persuasion, etc. derogation, praise, suggestion or persuasion, etc.

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( Continue )( Continue ) Types of Social ControlTypes of Social Control

2)2) Indirect Social Control-Indirect Social Control- this is control exercised upon this is control exercised upon the individual by factors which are separated from him the individual by factors which are separated from him Control of the individual by secondary groups is of this type. Control of the individual by secondary groups is of this type. Its prominent means are traditions, institutions, customs, Its prominent means are traditions, institutions, customs, rationalized behavior, changes in situations and social rationalized behavior, changes in situations and social mechanism, etc. the means of social control are invisible and mechanism, etc. the means of social control are invisible and subtle. In the existing complex society, the influence of the subtle. In the existing complex society, the influence of the opinion, law, custom, etc., is conveyed in this way. This is opinion, law, custom, etc., is conveyed in this way. This is not that there are no individuals behind this control but these not that there are no individuals behind this control but these individual are not seen by the persons affected.individual are not seen by the persons affected.

( Kimball Young ) ( Kimball Young )

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3)3) Positive Social Control-Positive Social Control- Rewards has an Rewards has an immense value upon the activities of an individual. A immense value upon the activities of an individual. A large part of the population of society desires to be large part of the population of society desires to be rewarded by the society. And, consequently, they rewarded by the society. And, consequently, they constantly Endeavour to conform to the traditions, constantly Endeavour to conform to the traditions, mores, values and ideals accepted by the society. For mores, values and ideals accepted by the society. For this, they are rewarded in the form of social this, they are rewarded in the form of social recognition, fame, respect, etc. recognition, fame, respect, etc.

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4)4) Negative Social Control-Negative Social Control- under this are comprehended under this are comprehended those types of social control in which a person is prevented those types of social control in which a person is prevented from doing some thing by threat of punishment. Society, while from doing some thing by threat of punishment. Society, while it is encourages to peoples indulge in certain type of activity of it is encourages to peoples indulge in certain type of activity of promising reward, also discourages and prevents people from promising reward, also discourages and prevents people from many activities by fear of punishment, which can be moderate many activities by fear of punishment, which can be moderate severe physical or verbal or in any other form. Examples of severe physical or verbal or in any other form. Examples of Verbal punishment are defamation, criticism, ridicule, etc. an Verbal punishment are defamation, criticism, ridicule, etc. an example of physical punishment is extradition from the caste. example of physical punishment is extradition from the caste. Fear of these punishments helps to prevent people from Fear of these punishments helps to prevent people from violating the socially accepted customs, traditions, values and violating the socially accepted customs, traditions, values and ideals, etc. ideals, etc.

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Other views-Other views-

Formal Social Control-: The formal types are those which are Formal Social Control-: The formal types are those which are specifically designed for control, and include government, specifically designed for control, and include government, law, police, army, jail, penal code, etc. law, police, army, jail, penal code, etc.

Informal Social Control-: Informal Social control is those Informal Social Control-: Informal Social control is those methods which develop by themselves according to the needs methods which develop by themselves according to the needs of society and are, mores, traditions, customs, social ideals, of society and are, mores, traditions, customs, social ideals, etc. etc.

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Agencies of Social Control Agencies of Social Control

1)1) Customs-: Customs-: In controlling of an behavior of an individual in society, In controlling of an behavior of an individual in society, customs play an important role. They regulate the life of an individual customs play an important role. They regulate the life of an individual In a way so that he experiences the minimum of pressure. Generally, In a way so that he experiences the minimum of pressure. Generally, the people themselves want to live according to the custom as such a the people themselves want to live according to the custom as such a course firstly saves them from the objections and ridicule of the society course firstly saves them from the objections and ridicule of the society and secondly they do not have to resort to original thinking on every and secondly they do not have to resort to original thinking on every respect. By means of customs they are provided with a clear guidance respect. By means of customs they are provided with a clear guidance for every activity. To make an example, among the Hindus there are for every activity. To make an example, among the Hindus there are various definite customs relation to their day to day activity, education, various definite customs relation to their day to day activity, education, behavioral concepts procedures. Marriage, etc. said by Ginsberg “ The behavioral concepts procedures. Marriage, etc. said by Ginsberg “ The role played by customs in life is comparable to the role of instincts in role played by customs in life is comparable to the role of instincts in living beings. instincts guide the living beings in his struggle for living beings. instincts guide the living beings in his struggle for existence. Customs enlighten man in his life. From his very childhood existence. Customs enlighten man in his life. From his very childhood man forms the habit of obeying them and he follows them without man forms the habit of obeying them and he follows them without raising any hue or cry.” raising any hue or cry.”

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Agencies of Social ControlAgencies of Social Control

2)2) Public Opinion-:Public Opinion-: In the present democratic age In the present democratic age public opinion is supremely power full it control the public opinion is supremely power full it control the government. Even the most power full government government. Even the most power full government have resign if they oppose it. This public opinion is have resign if they oppose it. This public opinion is formed by propaganda, newspaper, cinema, radio, etc. formed by propaganda, newspaper, cinema, radio, etc. Public Opinion Controls the conduct behavior, way of Public Opinion Controls the conduct behavior, way of living and methods etc. of the individual to fairly living and methods etc. of the individual to fairly extent. extent.

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3)3) Family-:Family-: family has great importance as an instrument family has great importance as an instrument of social control. The first place where an individual is of social control. The first place where an individual is socialized is family. It is in the family that he learns the socialized is family. It is in the family that he learns the various methods of living, behavior, conversion, etc. in various methods of living, behavior, conversion, etc. in the family he learns obedience and respect for the the family he learns obedience and respect for the opinion of others. The control of the parents upon the opinion of others. The control of the parents upon the child is the control of the Society upon the individual. child is the control of the Society upon the individual. In this way the family has control on individual not In this way the family has control on individual not merely in his childhood but from his infancy to senility. merely in his childhood but from his infancy to senility.

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4)4) Education-: Education-: According to Ruskin, “ Education consists in making people According to Ruskin, “ Education consists in making people polite what they ought to be.” The ideals and patterns of politeness differ polite what they ought to be.” The ideals and patterns of politeness differ from society to society. An individual is trained in these through education, from society to society. An individual is trained in these through education, here the word “ Education” does not merely literacy but is employed in its here the word “ Education” does not merely literacy but is employed in its most comprehensive sense. It is only in this meaning of the word that the most comprehensive sense. It is only in this meaning of the word that the sociologist studies or contemplates it. Education teaches man the use of the sociologist studies or contemplates it. Education teaches man the use of the various capacities, abilities, intelligence, etc. bestowed upon him by nature. various capacities, abilities, intelligence, etc. bestowed upon him by nature. Education gives him ability to succeed in his struggle for existence. Education gives him ability to succeed in his struggle for existence. Education is an art of adaptation for man, adaptation is more social than Education is an art of adaptation for man, adaptation is more social than natural. Hence, education adapts man to society. In this way, education is an natural. Hence, education adapts man to society. In this way, education is an important means of social control. Education is in the family, school, important means of social control. Education is in the family, school, playground, club, office, in fact everywhere. At every place the individual is playground, club, office, in fact everywhere. At every place the individual is taught something and socialized. In the family, in school, on playground, taught something and socialized. In the family, in school, on playground, the child learns the use of polite behavior, learns to respect the opinion and the child learns the use of polite behavior, learns to respect the opinion and advice of others and learns to comply with the traditions and mores. advice of others and learns to comply with the traditions and mores.

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5)5) Law-: Law-: According to Ross, “ law is most specialized According to Ross, “ law is most specialized and highly furnished engine of social control and highly furnished engine of social control employed by society.” Ross has enumerated two employed by society.” Ross has enumerated two functions of law. (1functions of law. (1stst ) To crush completely of the ) To crush completely of the homicidal activities of the individual and (2homicidal activities of the individual and (2ndnd ) To ) To persuade the individual to both pay attention to the persuade the individual to both pay attention to the rights of others and to act cooperatively. In this way rights of others and to act cooperatively. In this way law does not merely protect society or insure its law does not merely protect society or insure its existence but also contributes to its welfare. existence but also contributes to its welfare.

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6)6) Communal Codes-: Communal Codes-: Communal codes include all Communal codes include all those laws of the community by means of which the those laws of the community by means of which the community exercises its control over the individual. community exercises its control over the individual. Customs, folkways, mores, morals and rituals, etc., Customs, folkways, mores, morals and rituals, etc., are enumerated under it. are enumerated under it.

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77)) Religion-: Religion-: The control of religion is very strong in the The control of religion is very strong in the social sphere. Every religion has determined some laws social sphere. Every religion has determined some laws of the behavior the obedience of which is considered of the behavior the obedience of which is considered compulsory. At the base of these religious laws is the compulsory. At the base of these religious laws is the fear of divine displeasure and suffering of hell, coupled fear of divine displeasure and suffering of hell, coupled with a love and respect for invisible power. The with a love and respect for invisible power. The individual feels the pressure of this belief even more individual feels the pressure of this belief even more than the pressure exerted by the state and the society. In than the pressure exerted by the state and the society. In this way religion is powerful weapon of social control. this way religion is powerful weapon of social control.

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8) Recreational Group-:8) Recreational Group-: In the group a person undergoes In the group a person undergoes specialization and learns the methods of behavior towards specialization and learns the methods of behavior towards other people. Hayes has written, “ By supervised play children other people. Hayes has written, “ By supervised play children learn by experience that the civilized life is far superior for all learn by experience that the civilized life is far superior for all concerned than savagery.” Games are based upon laws without concerned than savagery.” Games are based upon laws without following which the game can not be played. In this way game following which the game can not be played. In this way game instill in man the habit of remaining in control and obeying the instill in man the habit of remaining in control and obeying the law. The makes a person pliable and teaches him to obey of law. The makes a person pliable and teaches him to obey of the orders of the leader and cooperate with other people. As a the orders of the leader and cooperate with other people. As a result sense of group responsibility is awakened in result sense of group responsibility is awakened in participants. participants.

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9) Art-: 9) Art-: Art also controls the behavior of men, poetry, Art also controls the behavior of men, poetry, folksongs, drawings, sculptures, music, etc. have their effect folksongs, drawings, sculptures, music, etc. have their effect on man’s emotions and sentiments. Art is a pleasant social on man’s emotions and sentiments. Art is a pleasant social control. Its influence is universal. Folksongs are important in control. Its influence is universal. Folksongs are important in every society. Music makes human tendencies refined. every society. Music makes human tendencies refined. Community feelings is enhanced by communal singing and Community feelings is enhanced by communal singing and dancing. dancing.

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10) Social Ideals-: 10) Social Ideals-: The activities of individuals are affected The activities of individuals are affected by the social ideals. Social ideals are subject to change, and by the social ideals. Social ideals are subject to change, and are relevant in their own context. But in every country most of are relevant in their own context. But in every country most of the people Endeavour to mould their lives according to these the people Endeavour to mould their lives according to these social ideals. In modern times, the conduct and behavior of social ideals. In modern times, the conduct and behavior of people of democratic countries has been influenced by people of democratic countries has been influenced by democratic ideals liberty, equality and fraternity while the democratic ideals liberty, equality and fraternity while the conduct of the communist population has been swayed by conduct of the communist population has been swayed by communist ideals. communist ideals.

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11) Leadership-: 11) Leadership-: the leaders have also shown the way for the the leaders have also shown the way for the masses to follows. The path followed by great men in the path masses to follows. The path followed by great men in the path to be followed by others. In this way leaders in the religious, to be followed by others. In this way leaders in the religious, social, political and other fields have had great influence upon social, political and other fields have had great influence upon the lives of peoples. “ Mahatma Gandhi ” and “ Karl Marx ” the lives of peoples. “ Mahatma Gandhi ” and “ Karl Marx ” converted the lives of millions of people. And even otherwise, converted the lives of millions of people. And even otherwise, it is the leaders in every society who enforce the social control. it is the leaders in every society who enforce the social control.

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12) Fashion-: 12) Fashion-: In the present day, fashion has become an In the present day, fashion has become an important means of social control. In civilized societies the important means of social control. In civilized societies the determinant in the field of thought and conduct, dress, belief, determinant in the field of thought and conduct, dress, belief, opinions, recreations, jewelry, adornment of house, way of opinions, recreations, jewelry, adornment of house, way of talking, literature, music, art, in brief, all fields of life, is talking, literature, music, art, in brief, all fields of life, is mainly fashion. With the increase in the means of transport mainly fashion. With the increase in the means of transport and communication, the influence of fashion spreads over a and communication, the influence of fashion spreads over a greater range. Fashion is constantly changing but the people greater range. Fashion is constantly changing but the people are ever desirous of changing with it. are ever desirous of changing with it.

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Thank you and Goodbye, Thank you and Goodbye, till Next Class till Next Class

bba l07 dt deviation and social control

Technology

social norms

social patterns

degree of social deviation

social deviation lake

social environment of

social disorganization

social deviation david

patterns of social behavior