bayani vs. zamora.doc

8/9/2019 Bayani vs. Zamora.doc

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EN BANC

[G.R. No. 138570. October 10, 2000]

BAYAN (Bagong A !an"ang #a$aba!an%, a &'N )*A #O)E#EN+, B - O/ +O#A-

# A#ENA ( g e" a * na n e en ente%, B - O/ E #ER BO OCAN ('n te C4 ro6 C4r "t o6 t4e /4 .%, R. REYNA O EGA-CA, # , '-ANG #A#B'B' NG/ / NA-, '-ANG #AYO 'NO, GABR E A, /RO ABOR, an t4e /'B C

N+ERE-+ A CEN+ER, petitioners, vs. E9EC'+ )E -ECRE+ARY RONA O:A#ORA, *ORE GN A**A R- -ECRE+ARY O# NGO - A:ON, E*EN-E-ECRE+ARY OR AN O #ERCA O, BR G. GEN. A E9AN ER AG' RRE, -ENA+E/RE- EN+ #ARCE O *ERNAN, -ENA+OR *RAN N R ON, -ENA+OR B A-O/ E, -ENA+OR RO O *O B A:ON, an -ENA+OR *RANC -CO +A+A , respondents.

[G.R. No. 138572. October 10, 2000]

/ // NE CON-+ +'+ ON A--OC A+ ON, NC.(/ CON-A%, E9E;' E B.GARC A, A#A OGA+ NC ONG, CA# O . -AB O, AN RA#ON A. GON:A E-, petitioners, vs. ON. RONA O B. :A#ORA, a" EA , petitioners,vs. &O-E/ E. E-+RA A, RONA O B. :A#ORA, O# NGO . - A:ON, &R.,OR AN O B. #ERCA O, #ARCE O B. *ERNAN, *RAN N #. R ON, B A- *.

O/ E an RO O *O G. B A:ON,respondents.[G.R. No. 138?80. October 10, 2000]

N+EGRA+E BAR O* + E / // NE-, Re re"ente b! t" Nat ona /re" ent, &o"eAg a Gra on, petitioners, vs. &O-E/ E&ERC +O E-+RA A, n 4 " ca ac t! a" /re" ent,Re b c o6 t4e /4 ne", an ON. O# NGO - A:ON, n 4 " ca ac t! a" -ecretar! o6*ore gn A66a r",respondents.

[G.R. No. 138?@8. October 10, 2000]

&O) +O R. -A ONGA, GBER+O +A>A A, :ENA A ;'E:ON A)ENCE>A,RO AN O - #B' AN, /AB +O ). -AN A , #A. -OCORRO . O NO, AGA/ +OA. A;' NO, &O ER /. ARROYO, *RANC -CO C. R )ERA &R., RENE A.). -AG' -AG,

O-BAYAN, #O)E#EN+ O* A++ORNEY- *OR BRO+ ER OO , N+EGR +Y AN NA+ ONA -#, NC. (#AB N %, petitioners, vs. + E E9EC'+ )E -ECRE+ARY, + E-ECRE+ARY O* *ORE GN A**A R-, + E -ECRE+ARY O* NA+ ONA E*EN-E,-ENA+E /RE- EN+ #ARCE O B. *ERNAN, -ENA+OR B A- *. O/ E, -ENA+ORRO O *O G. B A:ON, AN A O+ ER /ER-ON- AC+ NG + E R CON+RO ,


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-'/ER) - ON, REC+ ON, AN N-+R'C+ ON N RE A+ ON +O + E ) - + NG*ORCE- AGREE#EN+ ()*A%, respondents.

E C - O N

B'ENA, J.

Con6ront ng t4e Co rt 6or re"o t on n t4e n"tant con"o ate et t on" 6or cert orar a ro4 b t on are "" e" re at ng to, an borne b!, an agree ent 6orge n t4e t rn o6 t4e a"tcent r! betDeen t4e Re b c o6 t4e /4 ne" an t4e 'n te -tate" o6 A er ca t4e ) " t*orce" Agree ent.

+4e antece ent" n6o .

On #arc4 1 , 1@ 7, t4e /4 ne" an t4e 'n te -tate" o6 A er ca 6orge a # tar! Ba"e"Agree ent D4 c4 6or a Fe , a ong ot4er", t4e "e o6 n"ta at on" n t4e /4 ne terr'n te -tate" tar! er"onne . +o 6 rt4er "trengt4en t4e r e6en"e an "ec r t! re at on"4t4e /4 ne" an t4e 'n te -tate" entere nto a # t a e6en"e +reat! on A g "t 30, 1@5'n er t4e treat!, t4e art e" agree to re" on to an! e


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etter o6 t4e /re" ent an t4e )*A, 6or conc rrence r" ant to -ect on 21, Art c e ) o6 t4e1@87 Con"t t t on. +4e -enate, n t rn, re6erre t4e )*A to t" Co ttee on *ore gn Re at oc4a re b! -enator B a" *. O e, an t" Co ttee on Nat ona e6en"e an -ec r t!, c4a re-enator Ro o 6o G. B aFon, 6or t4e r o nt con" erat on an reco en at on. +4erea6ter, b c 4ear ng" Dere 4e b! t4e tDo Co ttee".

On #a! 3, 1@@@, t4e Co ttee" " b tte /ro o"e -enate Re"o t on No. 3 reco ent4e conc rrence o6 t4e -enate to t4e )*A an t4e creat on o6 a eg " at =e O=er" g4t Co tteto o=er"ee t" e entat on. ebate" t4en en" e .

On #a! 27, 1@@@, /ro o"e -enate Re"o t on No. 3 Da" a ro=e b! t4e -enate, b! a tDot4 r " (2J3% =ote o6 t" e ber". -enate Re"o t on No. 3 Da" t4en re n bere a" -enateRe"o t on No. 18.

On & ne 1, 1@@@, t4e )*A o66 c a ! entere nto 6orce a6ter an E


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HArt c e Entr! an e art re

H1. +4e Go=ern ent o6 t4e /4 ne" "4a 6ac tate t4e a "" on o6 'n te -tate" er"onne an t4e r e art re 6ro t4e /4 ne" n connect on D t4 act = t e" c

b! t4 " agree ent.H2. 'n te -tate" tar! er"onne "4a be e


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H2. )e4 c e" oDne b! t4e Go=ern ent o6 t4e 'n te -tate" nee not be reg "tere , b t "4a4a=e a ro r ate ar$ ng".

HArt c e )Cr na & r " ct on

H1. - b ect to t4e ro= " on" o6 t4 " art c e

(a% /4 ne a t4or t e" "4a 4a=e r " ct on o=er 'n te -tate" er"onnere" ect to o66en"e" co tte D t4 n t4e /4 ne" an n "4ab e n er t4e t4e /4 ne".

(b% 'n te -tate" tar! a t4or t e" "4a 4a=e t4e r g4t to e


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(2% o66en"e" ar " ng o t o6 an! act or o "" on one n er6or ance o6 o66 c a

(c% +4e a t4or t e" o6 e t4er go=ern ent a! reK e"t t4e a t4or t e" o6 t4e ot4ergo=ern ent to Da =e t4e r r ar! r g4t to e


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6ro t4e co "" on o6 t4e o66en"e nt co et on o6 a c a rocee ng". 'n tetar! a t4or t e" "4a , on 6or a not 6 cat on b! t4e /4 ne a t4or t e" an D

e a!, a$e " c4 er"onne a=a ab e to t4o"e a t4or t e" n t e 6or an! n=e"t gat =e or rocee ng" re at ng to t4e o66en"e D t4 D4 c4 t4e er"on 4a" been c4arge n e


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rocee ng" "4a be b c n e"" t4e co rt, n accor ance D t4 /4 ne ae


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a! ent b! t4e rec ent o6 a cab e t e" an ta


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" t4e )*A go=erne b! t4e ro= " on" o6 -ect on 21, Art c e ) or o6 -ect on 25, Art c9) o6 t4e Con"t t t on

oe" t4e )*A con"t t te an ab cat on o6 /4 ne "o=ere gnt!a. Are /4 ne co rt" e r =e o6 t4e r r " ct on to 4ear an tr! o66en"e" co tte

tar! er"onne

b. " t4e - re e Co rt e r =e o6 t" r " ct on o=er o66en"e" n "4ab e b! rec " er et a or 4 g4er

)

oe" t4e )*A = o ate

a. t4e eK a rotect on c a "e n er -ect on 1, Art c e o6 t4e Con"t t t on

b. t4e /ro4 b t on aga n"t n c ear Dea on" n er Art c e , -ect on 8

c. -ect on 28 ( %, Art c e ) o6 t4e Con"t t t on grant ng t4e e


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H< < < t " e< gent t4at t4e ta< a!er a nt 66 " 66 c ent ! "4oD t4at 4e Do be bene6n re b! t4e g ent or ent t e to t4e a=a " o6 t4e " t a" a rea art! n ntere"t. Be6

can n=o$e t4e oDer o6 c a re= eD, 4e "t " ec 6 ca ! ro=e t4at 4e 4a" " 66 cn re=ent ng t4e ega e< en t re o6 one! ra "e b! ta


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HCon" er ng 4oDe=er t4e ortance to t4e b c o6 t4e ca"e at bar, an n $ee ng D t4Co rtM" t!, n er t4e 1@87 Con"t t t on, to eter ne D4et4er or not t4e ot4er branc4e" o6go=ern ent 4a=e $e t t4e "e =e" D t4 n t4e t" o6 t4e Con"t t t on an t4e aD" an t4a4a=e not ab "e t4e "cret on g =en to t4e , t4e Co rt 4a" br "4e a" e tec4n ca t e" o6 roce re an 4a" ta$en cogn Fance o6 t4 " et t on. < <


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ta< treat "e or t4o"e econo c n nat re. A treat e" or nternat ona agree ent" entere ntt4e /4 ne", regar e"" o6 " b ect atter, co=erage, or art c ar e" gnat on or a ereK re" t4e conc rrence o6 t4e -enate to be =a an e66ect =e.

n contra"t, -ect on 25, Art c e 9) " a " ec a ro= " on t4at a e" to treat e" D4 c

t4e re"ence o6 6ore gn tar! ba"e", troo " or 6ac t e" n t4e /4 ne". 'n er t4 " ro= " on, t4e conc rrence o6 t4e -enate " on ! one o6 t4e reK " te" to ren er co ance t4e con"t t t ona reK re ent" an to con" er t4e agree ent b n ng on t4e /4 ne".25, Art c e 9) 6 rt4er reK re" t4at H6ore gn tar! ba"e", troo ", or 6ac t e"I a! a oDe n t4e /4 ne" on ! b! = rt e o6 a treat! ! conc rre n b! t4e -enate, rat 6

a or t! o6 t4e =ote" ca"t n a nat ona re6eren 4e 6or t4at r o"e 6 "o reK re b!Congre"", an recogn Fe a" " c4 b! t4e ot4er contract ng "tate.

t " o r con" ere = eD t4at bot4 con"t t t ona ro= " on", 6ar 6ro contra ct ng eac4act a ! "4are "o e co on gro n . +4e"e con"t t t ona ro= " on" bot4 e bo ! 4ra"e" nnegat =e an t4 ", are ee e ro4 b tor! n an ate an c4aracter. n art c ar, -ect on 2

o en" D t4 t4e c a "e HNo treat! < <


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H< < < t4at anot4er ba" c r nc e o6 "tat tor! con"tr ct on an ate" t4at genera eg " at"t g =e Da! to a " ec a eg " at on on t4e "a e " b ect, an genera ! be "o nter rete

e brace on ! ca"e" n D4 c4 t4e " ec a ro= " on" are not a cab e (-to. o ngo =". Ange e", @? -CRA 13@%, t4at a " ec 6 c "tat te re=a " o=er a genera "tat te ( e &e" " =/eo e, 120 -CRA 7?0% an t4at D4ere tDo "tat te" are o6 eK a t4eoret ca a cat on to

art c ar ca"e, t4e one e" gne t4ere6or " ec a ! "4o re=a ( 4en"en nc. Ba !ot, 83 -CRA 38%.I

#oreo=er, t " " ec o " to arg e t4at -ect on 25, Art c e 9) " na cab e to ere tranagree ent" 6or t4e rea"on t4at t4ere " no er anent ac ng o6 "tr ct re 6or t4e e"tab "4 ena tar! ba"e. On t4 " "core, t4e Con"t t t on a$e" no "t nct on betDeen Htran" entM aH er anentI. Certa n !, De 6 n not4 ng n -ect on 25, Art c e 9) t4at reK re" "orei#n troopsor "acilities to be "tat one or ace permanently n t4e /4 ne".

t " a r ent n ega 4er en et c" t4at D4en no "t nct on " a e b! aD, t4e Co rt "not "t ng "4+'i le) non distinguit nec nos distinguire de'emos.

n $e anner, De o not " b"cr be to t4e arg ent t4at -ect on 25, Art c e 9) " notcontro ng " nce no 6ore gn tar! ba"e", b t ere ! 6ore gn troo " an 6ac t e", are

n t4e )*A. Notab !, a er "a o6 "a con"t t t ona ro= " on re=ea " t4at t4e ro"cr tco=er" H "orei#n $ilitar% &ases, troops, or "acilities .I -tate 66erent !, t4 " ro4 b t on " not

te to t4e entr! o6 troo " an 6ac t e" D t4o t an! 6ore gn ba"e" be ng e"tab "4e . c a "e oe" not re6er to H "orei#n $ilitar% &ases, troops, or "acilities I co ect =e ! b t treat" t4ea" "e arate an n e en ent " b ect". +4e "e o6 co a an t4e " nct =e Dor Hor I c ear !" gn 6 e" "a""oc at on an n e en ence o6 one t4 ng 6ro t4e ot4er" nc e n t4een erat on, " c4 t4at, t4e ro= " on conte ate" t4ree 66erent " t at on" a tar! tt4e " b ect o6 D4 c4 co be e t4er (a% 6ore gn ba"e", (b% 6ore gn troo ", or (c% 6ore gn

an! o6 t4e t4ree "tan ng a one ace" t n er t4e co=erage o6 -ect on 25, Art c e 9) .+o t4 " en , t4e ntent on o6 t4e 6ra er" o6 t4e C4arter, a" an 6e"te r ng t4e e berat ot4e 1@8? Con"t t t ona Co "" on, " con" "tent D t4 t4 " nter retat on

H#R. #AA#BONG. "t Dant to a re"" a K e"t on or tDo to Co "" oner Berna".

+4 " 6or at on " ea$" o6 t4ree t4 ng" 6ore gn tar! ba"e", troo " or 6ac t e". #! 6K e"t on "If the country does enter into such kind of a treaty, must it cover the three-bases, troops or facilities-or could the treaty entered into cover only one or two

*R. BERNA-. !efinitely, it can cover only one. "hether it covers only one or it coversthree, the requirement will be the same.

#R. #AA#BONG. In other words, the #hilippine government can enter into a treatycovering not bases but merely troops

*R. BERNA-. $es .


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#R. #AA#BONG. cannot 6 n an! rea"on D4! t4e go=ern ent can enter nto a treat!co=er ng on ! troo ".

*R. BERNA-. 4! not /robab ! 6 De "tretc4 o r ag nat on a tt e b t ore, De D 6"o e. e "t Dant to co=er e=er!t4 ng.I ('n er"cor ng - e %

#oreo=er, tar! ba"e" e"tab "4e D t4 n t4e terr tor! o6 anot4er "tate " no onger = ab beca "e o6 t4e a ternat =e" o66ere b! neD ean" an Dea on" o6 Dar6are " c4 a" n c earDea on", g e "" e" a" De a" 4 ge "ea =e""e " t4at can "ta! a6 oat n t4e "ea e=en 6

ont4" an !ear" D t4o t ret rn ng to t4e r 4o e co ntr!. +4e"e tar! Dar"4 " are act a"e a" " b"t t te" 6or a an 4o e ba"e not on ! o6 tar! a rcra6t b t a "o o6 tar!

er"onne an 6ac t e". Be" e", =e""e " are ob e a" co are to a an ba"e t4ea K arter".

At t4 " nct re, De "4a t4en re"o =e t4e "" e o6 D4et4er or not t4e reK re ent" o6 -ectDere co e D t4 D4en t4e -enate ga=e t" conc rrence to t4e )*A.

-ect on 25, Art c e 9) "a oD" 6ore gn tar! ba"e", troo ", or 6ac t e" n t4e cn e"" t4e 6o oD ng con t on" are " 66 c ent ! et,vi'( (a% t "t be n er atreaty (b% t4e

treat! "t be duly concurred in by the %enate an , D4en "o reK re b! congre"", rat 6 e b! aa or t! o6 t4e =ote" ca"t b! t4e eo e n a nat ona re6eren an (c%recogni&ed as a treaty

b! t4e ot4er contract ng "tate.

+4ere " no " te a" to t4e re"ence o6 t4e 6 r"t tDo reK " te" n t4e ca"e o6 t4e )*A. +4econc rrence 4an e b! t4e -enate t4ro g4 Re"o t on No. 18 " n accor ance D t4 t4e ro= " on" o6 t4e Con"t t t on, D4et4er n er t4e genera reK re ent n -ect on 21, Art cor t4e " ec 6 c an ate ent one n -ect on 25, Art c e 9) , t4e ro= " on n t4e atter

reK r ng rat 6 cat on b! a a or t! o6 t4e =ote" ca"t n a nat ona re6eren be ng nne" nce Congre"" 4a" not reK re t.

A" to t4e atter o6 =ot ng,%ection '(, )rticle *II art c ar ! reK re" t4at a treat! ornternat ona agree ent, to be =a an e66ect =e, "t beconcurred in by at least two-thirds

of all the members of the %enate. On t4e ot4er 4an , -ect on 25, Art c e 9) " ! ro= et4at t4e treat! be+duly concurred in by the %enate .

A ! ng t4e 6orego ng con"t t t ona ro= " on", a tDo t4 r " =ote o6 a t4e e ber" o-enate " c ear ! reK re "o t4at t4e conc rrence conte ate b! aD a! be =a ! obtaan ee e re"ent. 4 e t " tr e t4at -ect on 25, Art c e 9) reK re", a ong ot4er t4

t4at t4e treat! t4e )*A, n t4e n"tant ca"e be H ! conc rre n b! t4e -enate,I t " =er! tr e4oDe=er t4at "a ro= " on "t be re ate an = eDe n g4t o6 t4e c ear an ate e bo-ect on 21, Art c e ) , D4 c4 n ore " ec 6 c ter ", reK re" t4at t4e conc rrence o6 a tre

nternat ona agree ent, be a e b! a tDo t4 r " =ote o6 a t4e e ber" o6 t4e -enate. n e-ect on 25, Art c e 9) "t not be treate n "o at on to "ect on 21, Art c e, ) .

A" note , t4e Hconc rrence reK re entI n er -ect on 25, Art c e 9) "t be con"tr e re at on to t4e ro= " on" o6 -ect on 21, Art c e ) . n a ore art c ar ang age, t4e


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conc rrence o6 t4e -enate conte ate n er -ect on 25, Art c e 9) ean" t4at at ea"t tDt4 r " o6 a t4e e ber" o6 t4e -enate 6a=orab ! =ote to conc r D t4 t4e treat! t4e )*A n t4e

n"tant ca"e.

'n er t4e"e c rc "tance", t4e c4arter ro= e" t4at t4e -enate "4a be co o"e o6 tDent! 6o

(2 % -enator". t4o t a t nge o6 o bt, tDo t4 r " (2J3% o6 t4 " 6 g re, or not e"" t4an "(1?% e ber", 6a=orab ! act ng on t4e ro o"a " an nK e"t onab e co ance D t4 t4ereK " te n ber o6 =ote" ent one n -ect on 21 o6 Art c e ) . +4e 6act t4at t4ere Dereact a ! tDent! t4ree (23% nc bent -enator" at t4e t e t4e =ot ng Da" a e, D not a tean! " gn 6 cant Da! t4e c rc "tance t4at ore t4an tDo t4 r " o6 t4e e ber" o6 t4e -enateconc rre D t4 t4e ro o"e )*A, e=en 6 t4e tDo t4 r " =ote reK re ent " ba"e on t4 " 6o6 act a e ber" (23%. n t4 " regar , t4e 6 n a enta aD " c ear t4at tDo t4 r " o6 t4e -enator", or at ea"t 1? 6a=orab e =ote", " 66 ce "o a" to ren er co ance D t4 t4e "tr ctcon"t t t ona an ate o6 g = ng conc rrence to t4e " b ect treat!.

a= ng re"o =e t4at t4e 6 r"t tDo reK " te" re"cr be n -ect on 25, Art c e 9) are

De "4a noD a"" on an e =e on t4e reK re ent t4at t4e )*A "4o be recogn Fe a" treat! b! t4e 'n te -tate" o6 A er ca.

/et t oner" content t4at t4e 4ra"e Hrecogn Fe a" a treat!,I e bo e n "ect on 25, Art c e9) , ean" t4at t4e )*A "4o 4a=e t4e a = ce an con"ent o6 t4e 'n te -tate" -enate r" ant to t" oDn con"t t t ona roce"", an t4at t "4o not be con" ere ere ! ane


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A treat!, a" e6 ne b! t4e ) enna Con=ent on on t4e aD o6 +reat e", " Han nternat onan"tr ent conc e betDeen -tate" n Dr tten 6or an go=erne b! nternat ona aD, D4

e bo e n a " ng e n"tr ent or n tDo or ore re ate n"tr ent", an D4ate=er t" art c ar e" gnat on.I +4ere are an! ot4er ter " "e 6or a treat! or nternat ona agree e"o e o6 D4 c4 are act, rotoco , agree ent,co$pro$is d) ar&itra#e , concor at, con=ent on,

ec arat on, e


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H 1. )) ;=DE . O6 co r"e t goe" D t4o t "a! ng t4at a" 6ar a" rat 6 cat on o6 t4e ot4er"tate " concerne , t4at " ent re ! t4e r concern n er t4e r oDn aD".

>1. ;71D)% . Ye", b t De D acce t D4ate=er t4e! "a!. 6 t4e! "a! t4at De 4a=e onee=er!t4 ng to a$e t a treat!, t4en a" 6ar a" De are concerne , De D acce t t a" a treat!.I

+4e recor " re=ea t4at t4e 'n te -tate" Go=ern ent, t4ro g4 A ba""a or +4o a" C. bbar ,4a" "tate t4at t4e 'n te -tate" go=ern ent 4a" 6 ! co tte to = ng to t4e ter " o6 t4)*A. *or a" ong a" t4e n te -tate" o6 A er ca acce t" or ac$noD e ge" t4e )*A a" a treat!,an b n " t"e 6 6 rt4er to co ! D t4 t" ob gat on" n er t4e treat!, t4ere " n ee aco ance D t4 t4e an ate o6 t4e Con"t t t on.

ort4 "tre"" ng too, " t4at t4e rat 6 cat on, b! t4e /re" ent, o6 t4e )*A an t4e conc rrence o6t4e -enate "4o be ta$en a" a c ear an neK =oca e< re"" on o6 o r nat onM" con"ent to bo n b! "a treat!, D t4 t4e conco tant t! to 4o t4e ob gat on" an re" on" be bo e t4ere n er.

Rat 6 cat on " genera ! 4e to be an e


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e


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t " t4e Co rtM" con" ere = eD t4at t4e /re" ent, n rat 6! ng t4e )*A an n " b tt ng"a e to t4e -enate 6or conc rrence, acte D t4 n t4e con6 ne" an t" o6 t4e oDer" =e"te4 b! t4e Con"t t t on. t " o6 no o ent t4at t4e /re" ent, n t4e e


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" t4en D t4o t oDer to con ct an nc r" on an e e D t4 " c4 a66a r" re ! e=17 , n g4t o6 t4e 6orego ng "K " t on", t4e n"tant et t on" are 4ereb!-# --E .

-O OR ERE .

a= e, &r., C.&., Be o" o, a nan, ; " b ng, / r " a, /ar o, GonFaga Re!e", Yna-ant ago, an e eon, &r., &&., conc r.

#e o, an ) t g, &&., o n t4e ""ent o6 &. / no.

/ no, &., "ee ""ent ng o n on.

#en oFa, &., n t4e re" t.

/angan ban, &., no art e to c o"e er"ona an 6or er ro6e"" ona re at on" D t4 a et-en. &.R. -a onga.

)rticle *. An! " c4 ar e attac$ an a ea" re" ta$en a" a re" t t4ereo6 "4a be e atre orte to t4e -ec r t! Co nc o6 t4e 'n te Nat on". - c4 ea" re" "4a be ter nate D4t4e -ec r t! Co nc 4a" ta$en t4e ea" re nece""ar! to re"tore an a nta n nternat ona ean "ec r t!.

&o nt Re ort o6 t4e -enate Co ttee on *ore gn Re at on an t4e Co ttee on Nat onae6en"e an -ec r t! on t4e ) " t ng *orce" Agree ent.

&o nt Co ttee Re ort.

/et t on, G.R. No. 138?@8, Anne< HBI, !ollo , . ?1 ?2.

H N-+R'#EN+ O* RA+ * CA+ ON

+O A +O O# + E-E /RE-EN+- - A CO#E, GREE+ NG-

NO YE, t4at D4erea", t4e Agree ent betDeen t4e go=ern ent o6 t4e Re b c o6 t4e/4 ne" an t4e Go=ern ent o6 t4e 'n te -tate" o6 A er ca Regar ng t4e +reat ent o6 t4'n te -tate" Ar e *orce" ) " t ng t4e /4 ne", 4ere na6ter re6erre to a" )*A, Da" " gn

n #an a on 10 *ebr ar! 1@@8

EREA-, t4e )*A " e""ent a ! a 6ra eDor$ to ro ote b atera e6en"e coo erat on betDeen t4e Re b c o6 t4e /4 ne" an t4e 'n te -tate" o6 A er ca an to g =e " b"tto t4e 1@51 R/ '- # t a e6en"e +reat! (R/ '- # +%. +o 6 6 t4e ob ect =e" o6 t4e R/ '-

http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/138570%20_puno.htmhttp://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/138570%20_puno.htm


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# +, t " nece""ar! t4at reg ar o nt tar! e


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-enate o6 t4e /4 ne"/a"a! C t!

Gent e en an a e" o6 t4e -enate

4a=e t4e 4onor to tran" t 4ereD t4 t4e n"tr ent o6 Rat 6 cat on ! " gne b! .E./re" ent &o"e 4 E erc to E"tra a, 4 " e""age to t4e -enate an a ra6t -enate Re"o t on o6Conc rrence n connect on D t4 t4e rat 6 cat on o6 t4e AGREE#EN+ BE+ EEN + EGO)ERN#EN+ O* + E RE/'B C O* + E / // NE- AN + E GO)ERN#EN+ O*+ E 'N +E -+A+E- O* A#ER CA REGAR NG + E +REA+#EN+ O* + E 'N +E-+A+E- AR#E *ORCE- ) - + NG + E / // NE-.

t4 be"t D "4e".

)er! tr ! !o r",

RONA O B. :A#ORAE


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H EREA-, t4e )*A g =e" /4 ne co rt" r ar! r " ct on o=er o66en"e" t4at a! beco tte b! '- er"onne D t4 n /4 ne terr tor!, D t4 t4e e


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+4e 6o oD ng =ote 6or conc rrence (1% -enate /re" ent #arce o *ernan, (2% -enate /re" Pro Te$pore B a" O e, (3% -enator *ran$ n r on, ( % -enator Ro o 6o B aFon, (5% -en*ranc "co +ata , (?% -enator Renato Ca!etano, (7% -enator +ere"a AK no Oreta, (8% -enatorRobert Barber", (@% -enator Robert &aDor"$ , (10% -enator Ra on #ag"a!"a!, &r., (11% -enator&o4n O" ePa, (12% -enator & an * a= er, (13% -enator # rr a e6en"or -ant ago, (1 % -en

& an /once Enr e, (15% -enator ) cente -otto , (1?% -enator Ra on Re= a, (17% -enatoAnna o n K e Co"eteng, an (18% -enator Gregor o ona"an.

On ! t4e 6o oD ng =ote to re ect t4e rat 6 cat on o6 t4e )*A (1% -enator +eo6 "to G ng(2% -enator Ra Roco, (3% -enator -erg o O" ena , ( % -enator AK no / ente , &r.-enator oren egar a e= "te.

-ee /et t on, G.R. No. 138570, !ollo , . 105.

# n te Re"o t on ate & ne 8, 1@@@.

-ee Con"o ate Co ent.Re ! to Con"o ate Co ent, G.R. No. 138?@8 G.R. No. 138587.

)a onte vs. /4 ne C4ar t! -Dee "ta$e" O66 ce, (Re".% G.R. No. 7871?, -e te ber 22,1@87, c te n +e eco n cat on" an Broa ca"t Attorne!" o6 t4e /4 ne", nc.vs.CO#E EC, 28@ -CRA 337, 3 3 [1@@8] )a e! *orge Co egevs. A er can" 'n te , 5 '-

? , 70 . E . 2 700 [1@82] B gna! Con"t. An e=. Cor .vs. aron, 17? -CRA 2 0, 251 252[1@8@] +atavs. Garc a, &r. 2 3 -CRA 3?, 73 [1@@5].

-ee Art c e ) , -ect on" 2 , 25 an 2@ o6 t4e 1@87 Con"t t t on.

/a"c a vs. -ecretar! o6 / b c or$", 110 /4 . 331 [1@?0] #ace avs. #acara g, 1@7 -CRA771 [1@@1] oFa avs. CO#E EC, 120 -CRA 337 [1@83] aovs. CO#E EC, @5 -CRA3@2 [1@80] GonFa e"vs. #arco", ?5 -CRA ?2 [1@75].

17? -CRA 2 0, 251 252 [1@8@].

235 -CRA 50? [1@@ ].

Con"o ate #e oran , . 11.

Aranetavs. ng a"an, 8 /4 . 3?8 [1@ @] o o /a a! Corn / anter" A""oc at onvs.*e c ano, 121 /4 . 358 [1@?5] /4 ne Con"t t t on A""oc at onvs. G eneF, 122 /4 . 8@[1@?5].

21 -CRA 77 [1@?7].

180 -CRA @?, 502 [1@88] c te n o"ba!an, nc.vs. G ngona, &r., 232 -CRA 110 [1@@ ].


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1@7 -CRA 52, ?0 [1@@1].

232 -CRA 110 [1@@ ].

&. -anto"vs. Nort4De"t Or ent A r ne", 210 -CRA 25?, 2?1 [1@@2].

#an a Ra roa Co.vs. Co ector o6 C "to ", 52 /4 . @50.

157 -CRA 282 [1@88] c te n Re b cvs. -an ganba!an, 173 -CRA 72, 85 [1@8@].

Ca"t o cov. Barber", 2@0 -CRA 717, 723 (1@@8%.

Recor " o6 t4e Con"t t t ona Co "" on, -e te ber 18, 1@8? e berat on, . 782.

1@87 Con"t t t on, Art c e ) , -ect on 2. t4e -enate "4a be co o"e o6 tDent! 6o r -enD4o "4a be e ecte at arge b! t4e K a 6 e =oter" o6 t4e /4 ne", a" a! be ro=

aD.+4e 2 t4 e ber (G or a #aca aga Arro!o% o6 t4e -enate D4o"e ter Da" to e< re n 2001Da" e ecte ) ce /re" ent n t4e 1@@8 nat ona e ect on".

Ba ent neM" ega ct onar!, 1@@5.

Art c e 2, -ect on 2, aragra 4 2 o6 t4e 'n te -tate" Con"t t t on, " ea$ ng o6 t4e 'n te -tat/re" ent ro= e" H e "4a 4a=e oDer, b! an D t4 t4e a = ce an con"ent o6 t4e -enate

a$e treat e", ro= e tDo t4 r " o6 t4e "enator" re"ent conc r.I

&.#. + a"on Co., nc.vs. an +en re A""oc at on, 31 -CRA 13 [1@70].A t an Co.vs. 'n te -tate", 22 '- 2?3 [1@ 2], c te n CoK a an e6en"or -ant ago,

nternat ona aD, 1@@8 E . /. @7.

) enna Con=ent on, Art c e 2.

Ger4ar =on G a4n, aD a ong Nat on", an ntro ct on to / b c nternat ona aD, t4 E80.

ac$Dort4, ge"t o6 nternat ona aD, )o . 5, . 3@5, c te n '-A*E )eteran" A""oc at on

nc.vs. +rea" rer o6 t4e /4 ne", 105 /4 . 1030, 1037 [1@5@].R c4ar &. Er c$"on, H+4e #a$ ng o6 E


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3 -CRA 351, 35? 357 [1@?1].

Recor o6 t4e Con"t t t ona Co "" on 782 [-e"" on o6 -e te ber 18, 1@8?].

etter o6 A ba""a or bbar to -enator # r a e6en"or -ant ago

H ear -enator -ant ago

a 4a ! to re" on to !o r etter o6 A r 2@, concern ng t4e Da! t4e '- Go=ern ent = eDt4e /4 ne '- ) " t ng *orce" Agree ent n '- ega ter ". Yo ra "e an ortant K e"tan be e=e t4 " re" on"e D 4e n t4e -enate e berat on".

A" a atter o6 bot4 '- an nternat ona aD, an nternat ona agree ent $e t4e ) " t ng *oAgree ent " ega ! b n ng on t4e '- Go=ern ent, n nternat ona ega ter ", " c4 anagree ent " a Ltreat!.M oDe=er, a" a atter o6 '- o e"t c aD, an agree ent $e t4e )*A "an Le


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Cr F, "agan , H nternat ona aDI, 1@85 E ., . 175.

-ec. 2. +4e /4 ne" reno nce" Dar a" an n"tr ent o6 nat ona o c!, a o t" t4e generacce te r nc e" o6 nternat ona aD a" art o6 t4e aD o6 t4e an an a 4ere" to t4e eace, eK a t!, "t ce, 6ree o , coo erat on, an a t! D t4 a nat on".

o " en$ n, R c4ar C. / g4, O"car -c4ac4ter, an" - t, nternat ona aD, Ca"e" an#ater a ", 2n E A er can Ca"eboo$ -er e", . 13?.

Ger4ar =on G a4, supra , . 87.

arr ", . ?3 c te n CoK a, nternat ona aD, supra , . 512.

C "onvs. CA, 28@ -CRA 15@ [1@@8]. -ee a "o &ar nevs. N RC, G.R. No. 11@2?8, *eb 23,2000 c t ng Arro!ovs. e )enec a, 277 -CRA 2?8 [1@@7].

Corte", H+4e /4 ne /re" enc! a "t ! o6 E

bayani vs. zamora.doc

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