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BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. BAT Electricity Sector

www.bdew.de

Implementation of BAT in the German Electricity Sector

Dr.-Ing. Martin Ruhrberg

21.04.2016


The leading association of the German energy and water industries – facts and figures*

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* Data for 2015; ** Turnover from electricity and drinking water sales to end consumers as well as from end consumers‘ wastewater disposal

90%

90%

85%

80%

30%

95 %

1,888 member companies representing

of electricity sales

of natural gas sales

of local and district heat supply

of drinking water abstraction

of wastewater disposal

of the investments in the energy and water industries

The total sector accounts for a turnover of 130 billion Euros.**

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Revision of the BREF LCP from July 2006: 7 years of hard work for all parties involved!

Reactivation of TWG: Februrary 2011

Kick-off meeting TWG: October 2011

First draft BREF LCP (D1): June 2013

Informal TWG meeting: June 2014

Final TWG meeting: June 2015

Article 13 Forum opinion: Autumn 2016

Article 75 Committee decision: 1st quarter 2017

Publication of new BREF LCP: 2nd quarter 2017

Deadline for implementation: mid 2021

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Timeline


The new BREF LCP: A multi-media and multi-pollutant approach

BREF LCP 2006 (old) July 2006, 618 pages

Not binding „executive summary“, but reference for permitting

15 BAT conclusions

9 tables with BAT-AELs for:

− dust − SO2

− NOx

− CO (for gas turbines only)

Final draft BREF LCP (new) March 2016, +1200 pages

Chapter 10 including legally binding BAT conclusions

90 BAT conclusions

57 tables with BAT-AELs for:

− dust, mercury − SO2, HCl, HF − NOx, NH3 − CO (indicative values, for all fuels) − heavy metals, TOC, dioxine (for

waste co-incineration) − Wastewater from flue gas treatment

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IED 2010/75/EU Permitting process

Reconsideration/Updating of permit conditions

Baseline report (soil)

Environmental inspections

Monitoring and reporting

(Transitional) derogations

Art. 15 (4) exemptions and special cases

IED transposition and BREF LCP: administrative framework / permitting

BREF LCP 2017* Environmental management

system

Fuel characterization

Waste & water management

Monitoring of emissions (air, water)

Energy efficiency levels

Emission levels

New derogations

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Most controversial key issues in TWG discussions

Consistency of BREF LCP with IED

Consideration of cross-media effects

General approach for setting BAT-AEPLs for energy efficiency

Averaging periods for BAT-AELs

Derivation of BAT-AELs from BAT reference plant data

Indigenous solid fuels

Emergency use and peak load plants

Impacts of climate policy on plant operation

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Implementation of the IED in Germany: A set of general binding rules (Article 17 IED)

BImSchG

4. BImSchV

9. BImSchV

11. BImSchV

13. BImSchV

17. BImSchV

Federal Immission Law (Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz)

Emission declarations

Permitting process

Plant classification

Large combustion

plants

Waste incineration and co-incineration

Chapter I / II IED Chapter III IED Chapter IV IED

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Federal ordinances Federal ordinances


German large combustion plants: Breakdown by sectors

~ 625 LCPs (2015)

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German large combustion plants: N° of units by technology

LCPs

Boilers Gas turbines Engines

• 30 biomass • 220 coal/lignite • 250 oil (gas) • 1000 gas (oil)

• 250 public power and heat

• 125 gas supply (mechanical drive)

• 100 industry

• 200 units (units < 15 MW)

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• ~ 625 installations • ~ 2200 units


German public electricity sector: 87 GWel of combustion plants (2015)*

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Presumably not affected by BREF LCP

Out of scope of BREF LCP

Presumably affected by BREF LCP

* gross bottleneck capacity installed


Key pollutants for BAT implementation in the German power sector

NOx

Mercury

CO2

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Key pollutants of the power sector

Theme NOx Mercury CO2

Key stakeholders

Academia Local authorities

Civil society State governments

Press / general public Central government

Main impact Urban air quality Bioaccumulation in food chain

Climate change

Longevity of impacts

Short-to-medium term

Long term (historical legacy)

Medium-to-long term

Contribution of power sector

Moderate High Medium

Affected fuels All fuels Coal, lignite All fossil fuels

Technological focus

Optimization of mature technology

Introduction of emerged technology

Fuel switch / substitution

Key challenge Retrofit of existing plants

Cross-media-impacts

Plant flexibility (back-up for renewables)

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Development of SO2-emissions of the German public power and heat sector

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Development of NOx-Emissions of the German Public Power and Heat Sector


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Potential impact of upper BAT-AEL ranges on German public power plants (solid fuels)

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More than half of lignite- and coal-capacity potentially affected!


NOx-emissions of German gas turbines and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT)

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Implementation of NOx-BAT-AELs

Pursue timely implementation of BAT-AELs for new built

For existing plants, place focus on optimization of technologies already applied

Avoid costly and technologically difficult retrofit of existing plants using only primary measures with secondary abatement technics

Enable derogations (limited operating time) and transitional periods (limited lifetime) for existing plants

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Mercury emissions of German coal- and lignite-fired power plants

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Implementation of mercury-BAT-AELs

Follow gradual step-by-step approach, recognizing that co-benefit reduction and climate policy will lead to significant further reduction of mercury emissions

Consider cross-media-impacts and transfers (air/water/soil/by-products)

Recognize complex plant chemistry (re-emission, corrosion etc.)

Facilitate implementation of mercury-specific mitigation technologies in demonstration plants

Improve monitoring and measurement of mercury emissions

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Impact of climate policy on conventional LCPs of the electricity sector

EU-Emission Trading System / carbon pricing

Uptake of renewable electricity generation

− Increase of n° of start-ups and shut-downs − Reduction of full load operating hours − Increase of partial load / peak load operation − Back-up-capacity / emerging capacity markets

Fuel switch / co-incineration of biomass and waste

Decentralisation of energy supply / combined heat and power

Changing consumptions patterns (demand side)


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Climate policy versus air policy?

• Green house gases versus air pollutants

• Carbon market versus BAT concept

• Carbon footprint versus pollutant inventory

• Flexibility versus efficiency

• Plant closure versus retrofit

• New built MCP versus existing LCP

Air policy needs to be better integrated in climate policy for MCPs and decentralised units

Climate policy needs to be better integrated in air policy for LCPs

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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BDEW Headquarter, Berlin

BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. Reinhardtstraße 32 10117 Berlin Telefon +49 (0)30 - 300199-1518 www.bdew.de

CONTACT Dr.-Ing. Martin Ruhrberg Unit Manager Air Pollution and Climate Change

[email protected]

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