Basmati Riceby

Azhar Bhatti

BASMATI RICE• Basmati was identified in 1926 from village

Kolo Tarar in Distt Hafizabad in Punjab, Pakistan

• The first variety Basmati-370 was registered in1933 by Kala Shah Kaku Rice Research Station, Distt Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan

HIMALAYAS WATER

FLOOD PLAINS OF PUNJAB

MAP OF GROWING REGIONS

Rice growing

Indus valley civilization-2600B.C

Basmati-Centuries old-Folk lore

Aromatic rice

Outcome of a combination of soil, water, weather & farmer practices

BASMATI DISTRICTS

Name Area in (000)Hect Name Area in (000)Hect

Lahore 31 Gujrat 52

Nankana Sahib 81 Jhang 99

Sheikhupura 158 Toba Tek Singh 32

Hafizabad 81 Faisalabad 36

Gujranwala 167 Khushab 19

Narowal 97 Sargodha 50

Sialkot 182 Mandi Baha-u-Din 89

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Rice growing

Indus valley civilization-2600B.C

Basmati-Centuries old-Folk lore

Aromatic rice

Outcome of a combination of soil, water, weather & farmer practices

LINK TO ORIGIN

The aroma and quality of grain linked to origin

The combination only found in Punjab

Aroma and quality vanish outside specific area

BASMATI PRODUCTION

2007 2008 2009

Total Annual crop MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$

2.5/1.0 2.45/1.17 2.6/2.4

Traditional Variety 0.08/0.01 0.08/0.12 0.08/0.16

Evolved Variety 2.42/1.37 2.37/1.05 2.52/2.24

EXPORTS2007 2008 2009

Total Annual Basmati crop MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$

Annual Exports 0.91/0.59 1.28/0.98 0.91/1.2

Traditional Variety 0.04/0.005 0.04/0.06

0.04/0.08

Evolved Variety 0.87/0.585 1.24/0.92 0.87/1.12

TOP THREE COUNTRIES OF EXPORT

Top 3 Countries for Export by Variety

Traditional Variety i)KSA ii) IRANiii)MUSCAT iv)QATAR

Evolved Variety i)KSA ii) IRANiii)MUSCAT iv)QATAR

PRICE DETERMINATION

The Government announces a reference price for paddy to protect the farmer

and intervenes in case prices are below this bench mark. The costs of

milling, processing , packaging, storage, credit transportation etc are added

to the purchase price to determine the final price.

TRADITIONAL BASMATI RICE

Growing and Harvest Season?

Nursery sowing 20th May to 30th June

Transplantation after 30 to 40 days

Harvesting late October to end of November.

Varieties and quantities available

Basmati-370 = 2-3%

Basmati Pak (Kernel) = 2-3%

Shaheen Basmati, B-2000 = 2-3%

Basmati-385 = 10%

Super Basmati = 80%

FARMER ORGANIZATIONS

Basmati Growers Association, Lahore-2005

Farmers Associates of Pakistan-1992

Where does the farmer obtain seed?

Government controlled seed companies and self retained farmer seed.

Are land stewardship, growing and harvesting practices

shared or monitored?

More than 90% of land is owner cultivated and self managed

Farm Gate Pricing

How established? Premiums paid for quality? Who pays the farmer? Private sector Indicative price by Government Minimal intervention The indicative price of the Govt. helps in establishing the farm gate price.

Premium for quality never exceeds 5%. Govt. rarely intervenes by purchasing 7% of the total produce through rice mills. Except for the last year 100% of the farmers produce is bought by the private sector directly from the farmer or through agents in the market.

How many mills process Basmati?

More than 2,000 rice mills.

How does the rice get to the mill?

The rice (paddy) is purchased from the farmer directly at the farm, at the

market or at the mills gate.

What are the steps in the milling process?

a) Sun drying/mechanical drying

b) 3 to 4 days of returning to room temperature

c) Stacking/storing

d) Or milling

e) Milling, processing & packaging for sale

Usually the processing in only done when the rice has to be sold,

otherwise it is stored as brown rice or slightly polished rice.

What makes a mill a good mill?

A mill which has the following capacities

a) To inspect and analyze paddy purchases

b) To dry and store while ensuring origin, variety and quality.

c) Its machinery produces with minimum breakage and wastages

d) The milling, processing & packaging is at the same premises

e) Storage is pest free.

f) Has the financial strength to age (store) rice for atleast 6 months to one

year & supply quality on a constant basis

g) HACCP & ISO-9002 approved

Packaging Is packaging done at the mill or elsewhere?

Export packing is done at the processing mill

Recommended packaging material, styles and size?

Packaging ranges from 1Kg, 5Kg, 10Kg, 25Kg and 50Kg. The material

used for 50Kg and 25Kg packing is polypropylene or cotton printed bags.

Smaller packing are usually in zipped cotton handbags.

What are the grades and standards of each grade?

The grades and standards are established by the Pakistan Quality Standards

Authority and generally relate to broken % variations

What portion of annual harvest falls into each grade?

The annual harvest is usually the best grade except for the post harvest

handling which also include processes outside the farm reduce this

component by 15% to 20%

Possibility for 100% guarantee and traceability from seed to bag:

Each purchased consignment is allotted a definite lot number along with

the name of the farm and number of the field.

To include but not limited to seed variety, farm, region, transportation

to mill, milling process/segregation, packaging, etc……

Each variety is separately handled and the final product is stored

accordingly.

DNA Testing Is this necessary to ensure Traditional Basmati variety?

This is unnecessary if the capacity to inspect and analyze the different

varieties of Basmati exists with the buyer and origin is ensured.

Where and when should it be done in the production cycle?

In case it is necessary, the test should be done before packing of the

consignment at the mills.

Cost associated

Each sample takes a week in the process and costs about 200$.

Organic Traditional Basmati milled rice

1,000 Hectares producing 2,400 MT

Evolved Basmati varieties

12,650 Hectares producing 30,000MT

Certified(NOP/USDA) organic Basmati rice=7,000 MT

Premium charged= 20-25%

Is there significant land stewardship practices compared to

conventional?

Definitely yes because it requires extra efforts.

THANKS