basics of osce & ospe
TRANSCRIPT
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BASICS OF OSCE & OSPE
By:- Firoz QureshiDept. Psychiatric Nursing
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Presentation Points ……• Nursing Process• Teaching-learning objectives• Clinical Nursing Practice• Clinical & practical• Nursing care skill evaluation• History of OSCE• Principles of OSCE/OSPE• OSCE/OSPE: What, Why, When, Where, How• OSCE/OSPE: Advantages & Disadvantages
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Nursing: An Independent Practice
• A ‘Problem-solving’ approach, known as ‘Nursing Process’ : Major Parts are –
1. Identifying person’s Health Needs (Nursing Diagnoses)
2. Setting Nursing Care Goals (Objectives)3. Providing Nursing Care (Nursing Interventions) 4. Examining the outcome of nursing care
(Evaluation)
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Nursing Education: Teaching-Learning Objectives
Designed on three domains (areas) – (Bloom’s Taxonomy, 1964)
Taxonomy means Classification1. Cognitive (Intellectual Skills): Knowledge,
understanding, application, analysis, synthesis & evaluation
2. Affective: Feelings, attitude, communication 3. Psychomotor: Working skills
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Educational Objectives
Nursing Process
Clinical Nursing Practice
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• Clinical competency is demonstrated
when a task of nursing care is performed
using all these three domains
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What is ‘CLINICAL’ ?From Dictionaries & Thesaurus:• At the bed-side• Based on direct observation of a living patient in
actual situation, analysis of the observation results, making diagnosis of the problem and deciding treatment
• Applying objective or standardized methods of observation
• A Hands-on experience of students
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What is ‘PRACTICAL’ ?
• To practice skills of all three domains• In a laboratory • In a simulated (duplicate) situation• Learning by doing • Drill method of learning • Steps of habit formation – - Imitation - Internalization - Automatism
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Nursing Care Skill Evaluation
We, Human Beings are made up of body, mind or emotions and we all belong to our own family & society.
And all these are bound together – interrelated
& inter-dependant.
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• Hence, illness affects not only our body, but also
our mind, our family life & surroundings
• Health Care (Nursing care) should include all
these parts of Individual Human Being
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Therefore, ideally- Examination of Nursing Care Skills should
include evaluation of all the three domains of Teaching-Learning Objectives
Examination is Students’ PERFORMANCE EVALUTION - Not Personal Evaluation
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Ideal Nursing Care Skill needs –Expert Coordination of ~
• Heart (Feelings for people’s health care needs, empathy)
• Head (Clinical Decision –making skill, needs accurate & adequate knowledge)
• Hands (Perfection & Quickness of doing work – Nursing Procedures)
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History of OSCE
OSCE was developed in Dundee, Scotland in the early 1970’s by Dr. Harden and colleagues -– The OSCE is now used in over 50 countries
world-wide.– There is a national OSCE in Canada adopted
by all medical school.– According to INC, ANM practical exams
should be conducted by OSCE.
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Principles of OSCE/OSPE
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What is a Principle?
Statement of a fact scientifically proved and which guides our every action E.g., Physical exertion increases pulse rate
- Can be measured accurately E.g., Appropriate communication helps to prevent spread of diseases- Can not be measured very accurately, as there are many factors in spreading a disease
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Principles of OSCE/OSPE
• A structured evaluation process organized step by step in logical sequence ensures examination of all skills related to a specific activity.
• Skills to be tested are assigned in form of specific questions.
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Principles of OSCE/OSPE
• Organization of questions as ‘simple to complex’ and ‘known to unknown’ is less threatening to UG students.
• Evaluation by a standard CHECKLIST makes it impartial.
• Check list is prepared by breaking the skill to be tested into its very important components.
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OSCE & OSPE
Let us understand ~
What? Why? When? Where? How?
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OSCE
Objective : examiners use a checklist for evaluating the trainees
Structured: trainee sees the same problem and performs the same tasks in the same time frame
Clinical: the tasks are representative of those faced in real clinical situations
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What………….? (Meaning of OSCE)
Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation - OSCE - is a process where selected specific skills of students, which they have learnt in their course of study, are systematically tested or evaluated.
As students perform skills in actual situation, the evaluation is done using structured checklists.
e.g., Physical Health Assessment Skill
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What………….?(Meaning of OSPE)Objective Structured Practical Evaluation - OSPE - is a process where selected specific skills of students, which they have learnt in their course of study, are tested or evaluated. As students perform skills in labs, the evaluation is done using structured checklists.
e.g., Measuring Hb by Hemoglobinometer, Urine testing for sugar
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Purpose Of OSCE & OSPE
To Eliminate the Following:
• Variability• Defects in competencies examined• Difficulties in conducting Exams
Boursicot, Ware and Hazllet (2011),
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Why?Need for OSCE & OSPE
To replace the usual method of evaluation of students’ clinical competency, as it has many drawbacks –
• 15-20 students are examined at a time, can’t observe individual performance
• All domains of learning objectives can’t be evaluated in such short time
• Subjectivity in evaluation
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When?OSCE & OSPE
• Can be conducted as a Formative Evaluation, in parts throughout the year
(Periodic Sessional Examinations)• Also it can be carried out at the end of academic
year, as a Summative Evaluation• Before scheduling OSCE/OSPE, it must be
ensured that students have attained all domains of learning objectives, whether it is in parts or whole
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Where?OSCE & OSPE
• OSCE is conducted in actual situations, where living human beings need competent health care, in hospital or community
• OSPE is conducted typically in labs, where learning activities are related to health care, either diagnostic (Urine testing) or supportive (Therapeutic diet planning)
• OSCE & OSPE are usually combined, as holistic health care involves all aspects of human health
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In Summary
• The main features of OSCE/OSPE is that both the process and the product are tested giving importance to individual competencies.
• The examination covers a broad range of clinical skills much wider than a conventional examination.
• The scoring is objective, since standards of competency are preset and agreed check lists are used for scoring. Where questions are asked in response stations, these are always objective.
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Advantages of the OSCE/OSPE
• All components of clinical Exams are assessed• Objective examination • Experienced examiners can control the
complexities of the examination• Can be used with larger number of students• Reproducible• End of examination FEED BACK to students
encourages students’ self-evaluation and self-learning
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Advantages (cont)• Components of clinical skills& standards of
competencies are pre-planned, so Objectivity & Reliability is higher
• The variable of the examiner and the patient are to a large extent removed
• Fun activity within the department or college, which promotes team work
• Students’ full involvement inspires learning
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Disadvantages of OSCE/OSPE• Knowledge and skills are tested in
compartments. But inter-related compartments sequentially organized, following Nursing Process can solve this problem
• The OSCE may be difficult for both examiners and patients
• More time in setting it up• Special Training needed for teachers• Shortage of experienced examiners
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THE KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL
OSCE/OSPE IS
CAREFUL PLANNING
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Tell me & I forget Show me & I may remember Involve me & I will understand, Soaking up my senses with Infinite knowledge.
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Any new effort is challenging. But if we all put together our mind, intellect and
courage – we can bring changes in our existing system of Students’ Performance Evaluation.
Thank You & Best Wishes