Basics Of ElectronicsDefinitions

What is an equipment ?

• a measuring device would be that which actually takes a reading or indication. • Equipment would be that which processes that

information and displays it in a form that can be read, such as a digital or anlog readout.

What is an instrument ?

• An instrument implies a device of extreme accuracy that has been calibrated to give precise, accurate information.• The instrument is the one which perform various

activities, like monitoring the process parameters and communicating it to the main processor, as well it can be programmed to carry out other functions like calculations , warning alarms, trip circuits etc.

what is a component and device ?

• component are parts of any device or equipments, whereas device is made of different components. or in mathematics we can say components are elements of device.

What is the difference between active and passive components?

• 1. Active devices inject power to the circuit, whereas passive devices are incapable of supplying any energy

• 2. Active devices are capable of providing power gain, and passive devices are incapable of providing power gain.

• 3. Active devices can control the current (energy) flow within the circuit, whereas passive devices cannot control it.

• 4.Active component have directionality. Like Semiconductor devices‐transistors. Whereas passive component donot have directionality like resistor , capacitor, inductor.

what is resistor and capacitor ?

• Resisitors…

• Resistors are passive elements that oppose/restrict the flow of current.A voltage is developed across its terminal, proportional to the current through the resistor.V = IRUnits: Ohms (Ω)

• Capacitor:

• they behave like a tiny rechargeable battery.(store energy and release it later. )

• are made of two parallel conductors separated by a dielectric.

• are used for filtering, tuning, separating signals , etc.

• The ability of a capacitor to store charge is called “Capacitance”•C = Q/V (amount of charge stored/applied voltage)

What are transistors , diodes, inductors and transformers ?

• Transistors are commonly used for signal amplification, switching, voltage regulation,etc.

• Diodes are semiconductor devices that allow

• current in only one direction.

• Inductors store energy in the form of a magnetic field

• Made from coils of wire.

• transformer :An inductor’s magnetic field can pass through more than one coil

What is the principle of galvanometer ?

• works on the principle of conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. When a current flows in a magnetic field it experiences a magnetic torque. If it is free to rotate under a controlling torque, it rotates through an angle proportional to the current flowing through it.

What is power supply ?

• Power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.

What is an oscillator ?

• An oscillator is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences using the vertical or 'Y' axis, plotted as a function of time, (horizontal or 'x' axis). Although an oscilloscope displays voltage on its vertical axis, any other quantity that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed as well. In most instances, oscilloscopes show events that repeat with either no change, or change slowly.