basics chapter 03 ip address fundementals

8/10/2019 Basics Chapter 03 IP Address Fundementals

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IP ADDRESSING FUNDAMENTALS


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Nobody knows youre a dog?

On the Internet,nobody knows youre a dog


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You are nothing but an IP address!

www.dialog.lk

www.n-able.biz

www.ebay.com

www.dogs.biz

www.apnic.net

www.gnso.org

www.ebay.com

www.doggie.com

WWW.cisco.com

216.239.39.99

66.187.232.50

66.135.208.101

209.217.36.32

202.12.29.20

199.166.24.5W

66.135.208.88

198.41.3.45

4.17.168.6

On the Internet

you are nothing but an IP Address!

202.12.29.142


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Internet for everything!


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What is an IP address?

An IP address is the logical address of a network interface.

The IP address uniquely identify network devices on a network.

An IP address can be private, for use on a LAN, or public,for use on the Internet or other WAN.

IP addresses can be determined statically

(assigned to a computer by a system administrator) or dynamically

(assigned by another device on the network on demand).


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What is a IP address (Cont)?

8bit 8bit 8bit 8bit

IP addresses consist of four bytes (32 bits).

Each byte of an IP address is known as an octet.

Octets can take any value between 0 and 255, but various rules exist for

ensuring IP addresses are valid.

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255


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0-255 0-255 0-255 0-255

Eg:

192.168.100.13

200.5.6.7

1.2.3.4

10.224.223.221


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An IP address has two main parts

1. Network Address

2. Host Address

8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

Eg:

Network Address Host Address

10.1.1.1112.32.201.11


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What is a IP address? - Summary


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IP Addressing Classes

There are 5 classes of IP addresses

1. Class A address

2. Class B address

3. Class C address

4. Class D address

5. Class E address


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Class A Address

First 8bits are used to represent the network address

Remaining 24 bits are used to represent the client address



If we use only class A IP addresses;

Maximum number of networks = 255

Maximum number of hosts in a one network = 16777115


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Class B Address

First 16 bits are used to represent the network address








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Class C Address








U f dd l ithi


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Usage of address classes within

the limited addressing range

IP addresses are limited

Number of network addresses required is vary from organization to organization

Number of hosts in a network is vary from network to network

Due to these reasons entire addressing

space can not be allocated only to one class of addresses

Due to these reasons entire addressing

Space need to be allocated among all classes


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Class A Address



Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.

Addressing range 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255

1-126 0-255 0-255 0-255


0NNNNNNN Host Host Host

Eg: IP Address Network Address

1.2.3.4 1.0.0.0

50.100.150.200 50.0.0.0

126.222.232.250 126.0.0.0


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Class A Addresses in a network

Local Router

10.1.1.110.1.2.310.2.5.610.200.100.50

10.0.0.0

network

External Network

Advertise

10.0.0.0

Traffic to10.1.1.1 (Traffic address to 10.0.0.0 NW)

Delivered to host


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Class B Address



Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.


128-191 0-255 0-255 0-255


10NNNNNN NNNNNNNN Host HostEg: IP Address Network Address

128.2.3.4 128.2.0.0

160.0.0.1 160.0.0.0

175.222.232.250 175.222.0.0


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Class B Addresses in a network

Local Router

172.16.1.1172.16.2.3172.16.5.6172.16.100.50

172.16.0.0

network

External Network

Advertise

172.16.0.0


Delivered to host


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Class C Address



Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.


192-223 0-255 0-255 0-255


110NNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN HostEg: IP Address Network Address

192.168.3.4 192.168.3.0

212.0.0.1 212.0.0.0

205.222.232.250 205.222.232.0


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Local Router

172.16.1.1172.16.2.3172.16.5.6172.16.100.50

192.168.3.0

network

External Network

Advertise

192.168.3.0


Delivered to host


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Class D Address

224-239 0-255 0-255 0-255

1110MMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM

Eg: Multicast Address Functionality

224.0.0.1 All Systems on this Subnet

224.0.0.10 IGRP Routers

224.0.0.9 RIP2 Routers

More Details -

Allocation of multicast addresses - http://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses

Reserved for multicast groups

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255


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Class E Address

240-255 0-255 0-255 0-255

1111MMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM

Reserved for Future use

Addressing range - 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255


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Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10

IP Address Classes Exercise


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IP Address Classes Exercise - Answers

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10

A

B

C

C

B

Nonexistent

10.0.0.0

128.63.0.0

201.222.5.0

192.6.141.0

130.113.0.0

0.2.1.1

0.0.2.100

0.0.0.64

0.0.0.2

0.0.64.16


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IP addressing classes - Summary

basics chapter 03 ip address fundementals

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