basic spanish | lesson 9 | bridge the language gap (i don't understand, can you speak english)

7/27/2019 Basic Spanish | Lesson 9 | Bridge the language gap (I don't understand, Can you speak English)

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Hola!Lesson 9 on Basic Spanish!


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Revision Forms of verbs

Personal pronounForm ending

in ar

Form ending

in er

Form ending

in ir

Yo(I) -o -o -o

Nosotros(We) -amos -emos -imos

T(You) -as -es -es

Vosotros(You, plural) -is -is -s

Usted(You, formal) -a -e -e

Ustedes(You, formal, pl) -an -en -en

l/Ella(He/ She) -a -e -eEllos/Ellas(They) -an -en -en


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Revision Forms of verbs

Personal pronounar ending

To walk = Caminar

er ending

To eat= Comer

ir ending

To live = Vivir

Yo camino como vivo

Nosotros caminamos comemos vivimos

T caminas comes vivesVosotros caminis comis vivs

Usted camina come vive

Ustedes caminan comen viven

l/Ella camina come viveEllos/Ellas caminan comen viven


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Lesson objectives

1 Bridging the language gap (Part II)


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What's in store today?

In the last lesson we learnt how verbs change theirforms depending on the subject (or pronoun)

in the sentence...

Today, we will use these verbs in conversations tohelp you get over language difficulties in

a new place!


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Today

To understand Entender (e->ie) To spell Deletrear

To read Leer To speak Hablar

To say Decir (e->i) To be able to Poder (o->ue)

To repeat Repetir (e->i) To write Escribir


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Do you remember?

Some verbs undergo a small spelling change (eg:middle 'e' changes to 'i' or 'ie'; 'o' changes to 'ue')

when you change their form (conjugate them)depending on the subject

Eg: To repeat =RepetirI repeat = (Yo) repito


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Bridging the language gap

Lets start with a basic sentence:

I dont understand


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I dont understand

Yo no entender


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Grammar tip

Remember, er ending verbs, when usedwith Yo(I), the ending '-er' changes to '-o'

We cant use entenderdirectly as verbschange form depending on the subject

Here subject is I = YoHence we change the form to entiendo


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I dont understand

Yo no entiendo


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Grammar tip

Did you notice that we change entender toentiendoand not entendo?

Entender changes its spelling ( middle e changesto

ie) when we change its form dependingon the subject

To understand =EntenderI understand =Entiendo


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To understand= Entender

I dont understand

No entiendo

Entiendo = I understand


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So remember!

To understand =EntenderI understand =Entiendo

(spelling changes from e-> ie)

Similarly,She understands =Ella entiende

You (formal) understand = Usted entiende


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Exception!

The exception to the last rule isNosotrosandVosotros

Verbs do not change spellings (e->ie or e->i) withNosotrosandVosotros

We understand =Nosotros entendemosNotNosotros entiendemos

You (informal, pl) understand = Vosotrosentendeis

NotVosotros entiendeis


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Do you understand me?


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Grammar tip

To translate this sentence, first letstranslate: Do you understand?


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To understand= Entender (e->ie)

Do you (inf.) understand?

(T) entiendes?


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So remember!

Pronoun omitted as it is obvious

Do you (inf.) understand?

Entiendes?


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Grammar tip

Before learning how to say 'Do you understand

me'we need to learn the concept of indirect objects


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Grammar tip

A direct objectis the noun or pronoun that theverb acts directly on

And an indirect objectis the person affected by

the action but not acted directly upon

Eg: She gives them to meDirect object : ThemIndirect object : Me


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Grammar tip

However, there are some verbs that useindirect-object pronouns even though those of us

who speak English as a first language would

probably think of them as usingdirect-object pronouns

In Do you understand me?me is used as the indirect object


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Do you (inf.) understand me?

Me entiendes?


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Grammar tip

Please remember that the form ofentenderintranslation

is dependent on the subject (or doer)in the sentence

In Do you understand me?You is the doer/ subject of the sentence

Hence, entenderchanges to entiendes


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As we saw...

The translation for me when used as anindirect object is me in Spanish as well


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Lets look at other object pronouns

English pronouns

(when used as object)

Spanish indirect

object pronouns

Me Me

You (informal) Te

Him, her, it, you (formal form) Le/ Se

Us Nos

You (plural) Os

Them, you (formal, pl. form) Les


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Using indirect object pronouns

Similar to 'Do you understand me', 'I don'tunderstand him' is translated as

'No le entiendo'(where le is an indirect-object pronoun)

You can say 'No te entiendo'in an informalsituation, and'No le entiendo'for a formal

situation to communicate 'I don't understand you'


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Try yourself

I understand you (informal)

1Te entiendes

2Te entiendo


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Solution

I understand you (informal)

1Te entiendes

2Te entiendo


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Grammar tip

Did you understand why I understand youtranslated as Te entiendo?

I is the doer/subject here

I understand = entiendoI understand you = te entiendo


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How do you say ____ in Spanish?

Assume : formal situation


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Using indirect object pronouns

It is common to use indirect-object pronouns when

using verbs of communication examples includehablar (to speak) anddecir (to say/ tell)


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How do you say ___ in Spanish

Cmo se decir ___ en espaol?


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Do you remember?

To say =Decir

You (sing., formal) say =Dice(spelling changes from e->i)


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How do you say ___ in Spanish?

Cmo se dice ___ en espaol?


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So our sentence translates to...

How do you say 'eat' in Spanish?

Cmo se dice 'eat' en espaol?


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How do you write ____?

This literally becomes 'How does '___' writeitself?'

In sentences like 'How do you write ?' we aren'treally asking how a particular person writes it,

but 'How is it written' in general or 'How does onewrite ___'

Hence, literally we translate it as 'How does '___'

write itself?'


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How does it write

Cmo se escribir


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Do you remember?

To write =Escribir

It writes =Escribe


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So now you know!

How do you write ___?

Cmo se escribe ___?


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Grammar tip

In Spanish, there is a verb thatcommunicates ability

To be able to =Poder

When we ask Can you ___?; we are in essenceasking are you able to ___?

In such cases, can translates to poder


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Can you speak slowly?

Poder t hablar despacio?


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Grammar tip

Remember, 'er' ending verbs whenused with T(you,informal),the ending changes from 'er' to 'es'

Can (to be able to) =Poder (o->ue)You can = T puedes

T can be omitted as it is understood


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T can be omitted


Puedes hablar despacio?


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Grammar tip

Since we have already changed the form of thefirst verb (Can =Poder changed toPuedes) toreflect that we are talking about second person

(you, informal), we don't change theform ofhablar


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So now you know!


Puedes hablar despacio?


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Try yourself

Can you (informal) read ___?Hint : To read = Leer

1Puedes

lees?

2Puedes

leer?

3Puedo

leer?


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Solution

Can you (informal) read ___?Hint : To read = Leer

1Puedes

lees?

2Puedes

leer?

3Puedo

leer?


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Try yourself

Do you understand Spanish?Assume : You = T

1Entender espaol?

2Entiendes espaol?


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Solution

Do you understand Spanish?Assume : You = T

1Entender espaol?

2Entiendes espaol?


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Culture Leaf

l l f


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Culture leaf : New years eve in Mexico!

Mexicans celebrate the New year's eve by eatinggrapes and making wishes. At midnight as theclocks sound 12 chimes, they eat a grape and a

wish- with every chime!

C l l f N i M i !


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Families decorate their homes in different colorsto

bring them good luck the next year :

Red = improvement of lifestyle, yellow =

improvedemployment, green = improved finances, and

white = improved health!

C lt l f N i M i !


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Mexican sweet bread is baked with a coin hiddenin

the dough. The recipient of the slice with the coin issaid to be blessed with good luck

Another tradition is to make a list of all the badevents over the past 12 months; before midnight,this list is thrown into a fire, symbolizing the

removal of negative energy from the new year!

Wh t t?


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Whats next?

In the next lesson, we will learn someirregular verbs that will help us with

conversations around asking and

giving introductions!

Credits


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Credits

ContentTeam Culture Alley, Okairy Zuiga, Tomasa Merino

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve#Mexico


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See you at the alley!

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basic spanish | lesson 9 | bridge the language gap (i don't understand, can you speak english)

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