basic rules for steel erection

8/15/2019 Basic rules for Steel Erection

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http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155-p.htm


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Why the new rules??Why the new rules??

•OS., studies of /01 fatalities a)ong

ironworkers highlighted co))on

hazards

•*eaths were largely pre"entable by

engineering 2 regulatory changes


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!utline !utline

-031 - Site layout site specific erection plan 2 construction se4uence

-035 - .oisting 2 rigging

-03/ - Structural steel asse)bly details-030 - Colu)n anchorage

-036 - Bea)s 2 colu)ns

-037 - Open web steel 8oists

-099 - Syste)s engineered )etal buildings

-095 - +alling ob8ect protection

-09/ - +all protection

-090 - Training


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Site layout" site#specific erectionSite layout" site#specific erection

plan $ construction se%uenceplan $ construction se%uence

•Controlling contractor

)ust pro"ide written

notification that

concrete has attained – 75% of design strength, or

– Sufficient strength to

support the loads

http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htm


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(raining and )ourney&an *pgrading +und 'll rights reser-ed



•Controlling

contractor )ustensure that

ade4uate access

roads are pro"idedand )aintained



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Controlling

contractor )ust

ensure that a suitable

space is pro"ided for – storage of &aterials and

– safe operation of

hoisting operations



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,ll hoisting

operations )ust be

preplanned to ensure

all #working under

loads% re4uire)ents

are )et



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#Steel erection )ust be

done under thesuper"ision of a

co)petent person who

is present at theworksite&%

TOC

'e$t Section


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&oisting $ Rigging&oisting $ Rigging

•The new section; and

•


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'rane pre#shift visual inspection'rane pre#shift visual inspection)ust be "isually inspected by aco)petent person

•rule gi"es inspection )ini)u)s

•deficiencies )ust be e"aluatedi))ediately

•e4uip)ent posing a hazard )ust be

placed out of ser"ice•operator has authority to stop andrefuse any loads until safety is

assured

Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $

&ployers 'pprenticeship (raining and

)ourney&an *pgrading +und 'll rights reser-ed


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•, 4ualified rigger )ust inspect the

rigging prior to each shift

Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers

'pprenticeship (raining and )ourney&an *pgrading

+und 'll rights reser-ed

http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htm


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Wor(ing under loadsWor(ing under loads(outes for

suspended loads

)ust bepreplanned to

a"oid

endangeringworkers

http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htmhttp://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155p.htm


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When wor(ing under loadsWhen wor(ing under loads•)aterials )ust be rigged to pre"ent

unintentional displace)ent

•hooks )ust ha"e self-closing safety

latches or e4ui"alent

•all loads )ust be rigged by a 4ualifiedrigger


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)ultiple lift rigging procedure)ultiple lift rigging procedure only "hen – a )ultiple lift rigging

asse)bly is used

– specifically within)anufacturer!s specifications2 li)itations

– )a$i)u) of = )e)bershoisted per lift

– only bea)s 2 si)ilarstructural )e)bers are lifted

– only trained e)ployeesin"ol"ed





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)ultiple lift rigging procedure)ultiple lift rigging procedure – Bundles of decking

are 'OT

appropriate for)ultiple lift& – -en though &etal

dec#ing &eets thedefinition of structural&e&ers


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)ultiple lift rigging procedure)ultiple lift rigging procedure•Co)ponents of the )ultiple lift riggingasse)bly )ust be specifically designed

and asse)bled with a )a$i)u)capacity for total asse)bly and foreach indi"idual attach)ent point&

•Based on )anufacturer!s specificationswith a = to 9 safety factor on allco)ponents



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)ultiple lift rigging procedure)ultiple lift rigging procedureTotal load )ust not e$ceed

•rated capacity as specified in the

hoisting e4uip)ent load charts and

•rigging capacity specified in the

rigging-rating charts



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)ultiple lift rigging procedure)ultiple lift rigging procedure

Controlled load

lowering )ust be

used whene"er the

load is o"er the

connectors

TOC

'e$t Section



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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssemblyStructural stability maintained at all timesStructural stability maintained at all times

during the erection processduring the erection process

?ultistory structures

ha"e per)anent floorsinstalled as the

erection of structural

)e)bers progresses

•@ithin 6 floors of the

concrete or


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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssemblyStructural stability maintained at all timesStructural stability maintained at all times

during the erection processduring the erection process

?ultistory structures ha"e per)anent

floors installed as the erection of structural

)e)bers progresses

•@ithin 6 floors of the concrete or

•no )ore than 5 floors ;or 56!> ofunfinished bolting or welding abo"e

secured floor



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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssemblyWal(ing+wor(ing surfacesWal(ing+wor(ing surfaces

:li)ination of

tripping hazardsA

•no shear connectors or

other si)ilar de"ices until after

walkingworkingsurface has been

installed&Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers


'll rights reser-ed



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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssemblyWal(ing+wor(ing surfacesWal(ing+wor(ing surfaces

,fter Duly 96


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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssemblyPlumbing upPlumbing up

@hen dee)ed necessary

by a co)petent personA

Elu)bing up

e4uip)ent )ust beinstalled in con8unction

with the steel erection

process to ensure

stability of the

structure&






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•@hen necessary plu)bing up

e4uip)ent )ust be in place andproperly installed before the

structure is loaded with

construction )aterial



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•Elu)bing up e4uip)ent )ust

be re)o"ed only with theappro"al of a co)petent

person



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Structural Steel *ssemblyStructural Steel *ssembly)etal dec(ing)etal dec(ing

.oisting landing 2

placing of )etal

decking bundles – pro-isions to pre-ent

displace&ent of

dec#ing duringhandlingstorage



'll rights reser-ed



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•(oof 2 floor holes and openings ?ust

be installed as describedA Para 7064





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•Co"ering roof and floor openings

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*ecking gaps around

colu)ns"here there are gaps

et"een colu&ns, the

falling o8ects ha9ards

&ust e eli&inated






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*uring installation

)etal decking )ustbe laid tightly 2

i))ediately secured

to pre"ent )o"e)ent



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*uring installation

)etal deckingpanels )ust be

placed to ensure

full support bystructural )e)bers



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*errick floors

)ust be fullydecked or planked

2 connections

co)pleted


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Te)porary loads

placed on derrickfloors )ust be

distributed o"er the

underlying supportto pre"ent local

o"erloadingTOC

'e$t Section



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'olumn anchorage'olumn anchorage

Insufficient colu)nanchorage is a

pri)ary cause of

colu)n failure anda large contributor

to fatalities a)ong

ironworkersFPhoto courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers 'pprenticeship




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'olumn anchorage'olumn anchorageErection StabilityErection Stability

,ll colu)ns )ustbe anchored by a

)ini)u) of four

anchor bolts





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,ll colu)ns )ust be

anchored by a )ini)u) of

four anchor bolts

all anchor rod

asse)blies )ust )eet

strength criterialisted in the rule




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Colu)ns )ust be

•set on le"el finished

floors

•Ere-grouted le"eling

plates•le"eling nuts or

•shi) packsPhoto courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers 'pprenticeship




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,ll colu)ns )ust be

e"aluated by a co)petent

person to deter)ine ifguying or bracing is

needed&

If guying or bracing is

needed it )ust be installed




'll rights reser-ed



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,nchor rodsbolts )ust not be

repaired replaced or field )odifiedwithout appro"al of the pro8ect

structural engineer of record

'olumn anchorage'olumn anchorage*nchor rods ,bolts-*nchor rods ,bolts-


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Controlling contractor )ust pro"ide

written notification to the steel erectorif there has been any repair

replace)ent or )odification of the

anchor rodsbolts

'olumn anchorage'olumn anchorage*nchor rods ,bolts-*nchor rods ,bolts-

TOC

'e$t Section



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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumns/inal placing of solid web structural/inal placing of solid web structural

membersmembers

The load )ust not be released until

)e)bers are secured with at least <bolts per connection



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The load )ust not be released until )e)bers are

secured with at least < bolts per connection

Bolts )ust be

Sa)e size and strength shown in the

erection drawings

*rawn up wrench tight or e4ui"alent

specified


membersmembers


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, co)petent person )ust deter)ine if

)ore than < bolts are needed


membersmembers



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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumnsDiagonal bracingDiagonal bracing

Solid webstructural)e)bers used as

diagonal bracing)ust be securedby at least one

bolt perconnection

:rench tight or

e;ui-alent

. $ ' l. $ ' l



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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumnsDouble connections at columns and+or Double connections at columns and+or

beam webs over a columnbeam webs over a column

@hen )aking connections

sharing co))on connection

holes at least one bolt withits wrench-tight nut )ust

re)ain connected to the

first )e)ber


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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumns'olumn splices'olumn splices

:ach colu)n splice

)ust be designed toresist a )ini)u)

eccentric gra"ity

load of 133Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers




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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns

?ust e$tend a )ini)u)

of 56% abo"e the

finished floor to per)it

installation of peri)eter

safety cables prior to

erection of the ne=t tier





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.eams $ 'olumns.eams $ 'olumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns

?ust ha"e holes

or other de"ices

for attaching

peri)eter cables

TOC

'e$t Section


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!pen Web Steel 0oists!pen Web Steel 0oists

#Open web

steel 8oists )ust

be securedbefore releasing

the load&%Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers 'pprenticeship



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!pen Web Steel 0oists!pen Web Steel 0oists1anding and placing loads1anding and placing loads

'o bundle of decking )ay

be placed on steel 8oists

until all bridging has been

installed and anchored and

all 8oist bearing ends

attached

H':SSH':SS

Photo courtesy of ational !ron"or#ers $ &ployers 'pprenticeship(raining and )ourney&an *pgrading +und 'll rights reser-ed

S t E i d ) t l


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Systems#Engineered )etalSystems#Engineered )etal

.uildings.uildings

2Pac(age .uilding32Pac(age .uilding3

Before releasing hoisting e4uip)entA

•Colu)ns – &ini&u& 4 olts at ase

•(igid fra)es – 50% of the olts

– or as specified y &anufacturer TOC

'e$t Section


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/alling !b4ect Protection/alling !b4ect Protection

,ll )aterials

e4uip)ent 2 tools

which are not in usewhile aloft )ust be

secured against

accidental

displace)ent


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/alling !b4ect Protection/alling !b4ect Protection

The controlling contractor )ust bar

other construction processes fro)

below steel erection unless o"erheadprotection for the e)ployees below is

pro"ided

TOC

'e$t Section


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/all Protection/all Protection

•?ust be in accordancewith


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5raining5raining

•+all hazard training

•Special training in )ultiple lift

rigging procedure

TOC

nd


59/71

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• Ehotos courtesy of Eacific 'orthwest Ironworkers and

:)ployers ,pprenticeship and Training Co))ittee -6/

• Kery special thanks to *ouglas S)ith and Je"in?cGee

• ,nd thanks also to Derry (owland Corona Steel and

Ironworkers ocal 6/


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Navigational Symbols Used inNavigational Symbols Used in

this Presentationthis Presentation

'e$t slide

• (eturn to the progra) usually fro) #additional infor)ation%

• *efinitions )ore infor)ation +,s etc

• (ead the actual Standard on line

• Back to the Outline

links back to


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-031 - Site layout site specific erection plan 2construction se4uence

-035 - .oisting 2 rigging

-03/ - Structural steel asse)bly details

-030 - Colu)n anchorage

-036 - Bea)s 2 colu)ns

-037 - Open web steel 8oists

-099 - Syste)s engineered )etal buildings-095 - +alling ob8ect protection

-09/ - +all protection

-090 - Training

links back to

this page

:ach line

.yperlinks to the

)odule listed

.ehind the scenes.ehind the scenes


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.ehind the scenes #.ehind the scenes #

how things arehow things are

arranged6arranged6

You get back

and forth fro)

the Outline

Outline

Section

-031

Section

-035

Section

-03=


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1in(s to other information1in(s to other information

#Steel erection )ust be

done under the

super"ision of aco)petent person who

is present at the

worksite&%

Clicking here or

else on the #i%

will link you to

the definition

':LTA Going fro) the presentation to web pages


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g p p g

to read or print out the actual Standard

This is how the progra)

looks #behind the scenes%

Going to the @eb to

read the actual

Standard is easyA

• to go forward use the

hyperlink pro"ided• to go back use the #

back arrow%

What’s a “Hyperlink”?

What’s a “Back Arrow”?


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Navigation 7 Part 88Navigation 7 Part 88TheThe diagram of how things can be linkedof how things can be linked

Course

ist

Section

-031

Section

-035

Section

-03=

Section M031

on the @eb

Other @eb

Eage if you want

,nd another

@eb EageSection M035

on the @eb

Section M03=

on the @eb


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Clicking here wouldhyperlink to the web

page

Clicking here

would return to

the Eresentation

Navigation Part IINavigation Part II


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Navigation – Part IINavigation – Part II

Outline

,nother way of )o"ing

back to the presentation

• Dust close the web

page

Section

-035Section M035

on the @eb

http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/regs/WACS/155/296-155k.htm


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Clicking here would

hyperlink to the web page

Clicking here

would close

the @eb

pageN returnto the

Eresentation


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Ready to start??Ready to start??

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H li kHyperlink


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HyperlinkHyperlink

• ,n ite) ;word icon button etc> that will takeyou to another location ;page in the docu)entweb page other progra) etc>

•>yperlin#s are identified y the factthat "hen your cursor passes o-erthe&, it changes fro& an arro" to a

hand&

– So&eti&es they?re e-en underlined


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