basic networking topologies

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I.T. PRESENTATION ON NETWORKING TOPOLOGIES

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I.T. PRESENTATION ON NETWORKING TOPOLOGIES

NETWORKING TOPOLOGIESNetwork topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, including device location and cable installation, while Logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. basic types of topologies are discussed further

STAR TOPOLOGYIn Star topology every node (computer workstation or any other peripheral) is connected to central node called hub or switch. The switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients.

Advantages of star topology• Easy to install and wire.• Easy to detect faults and to remove

parts.Disadvantages of a Star Topology• Requires more cable length than a linear

topology.• If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes

attached are disabled.

Advantages:

The fair sharing of the network allows the net to degrade gracefully as more user are added.Disadvantages:

Failure of one compute can affect the total networkDifficult to troubleshootAdding or removing Computers disrupts the network

In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either clockwise or counterclockwise). A failure in any device breaks the loop.

BUS TOPOLOGY

All the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single cable. When one computer sends a signal up the wire, all the computers on the network receive the information, but only one accepts the information.

Advantages Requires less cable length

than a star topology Disadvantages

Entire network shuts down if there is a break in

the main cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing.The type of network topology in which some of the nodes of the network are connected to more than one other node with a point-to-point link – this makes it possible to take advantage of some of the redundancy that is provided by a fully mesh topology without the expense and complexity.

Advantages:1.Fault tolerance.2.Guaranteed communication channel capacity.3.Easy to troubleshoot.

Disadvantages:1.Difficulty of installation and reconfiguration.2.Cost of maintaining redundant link.

The topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance. It is used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those used by banks and financial institutions. Implementing the mesh topology is expensive and difficult.

TREE TOPOLOGYTree topologies integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In its simplest form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions as the "root" of a tree of devices. In this nodes are connected in a hierarchal manner.

AdvantagesPoint-to-point wiring for individual segments.Supported by several hardware and software venders.DisadvantagesIf the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.

HYBRID

TOPOLOGYA combination of any two or more network topologies. Instances can occur where two basic network topologies, when connected together, can still retain the basic network character, and therefore not be a hybrid network. For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network. Therefore, a hybrid network accrues only when two basic networks are connected