Basic Map Info - 2Basic Map Info - 2

Orienteering in the terrainOrienteering in the terrain

An orienteering map is different from a An orienteering map is different from a topographic map:topographic map:Mountaineers use a topographic map. The scale is usually 1 / 25 000 or 1 / 50 000

A topographic map shows: * only very distinct roads and vehicle tracks* only distinct rivers* forests - green* open areas - white

An orienteering map is An orienteering map is more detailed:more detailed:

The scale is usually 1/10 000.

* vegetation is more detailed: each colour has a meaning showing difference in vegetation

* very small streams, even dried up water courses are shown

* even small paths, tracks are shown

What can you see on a course map for orienteering?What can you see on a course map for orienteering?

1 - The scale2 - The elevation (difference in height) between two contours --> “contour interval”3 - The category this course belongs to4 - The length of the course (as the crow flies)

5 - Control point definitions

6 - The course itself, shown by: * the start (triangle) * the finish (two concentric circles)* the control points (single circle)

THE SCALETHE SCALE

The scale of the map is useful in estimating the distance from where you are now, and where you want to go.

1 / 10 000:

1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain

1 / 5 000:

1 cm on the map = 50 meters on the terrain

You need to know how to count your paces!

Pace countingPace countingHomework:

Measure your pace for 100 meters

* count 2 paces for 1

* count:- uphill- downhill- straight bit

* count: - walking- jogging- running

Contour intervalContour intervalThe contour interval shows the vertical difference in height (the elevation) between two contours.

Contour interval = 5 m

5 m = One and a half stories in a block of flats

The distance between two contourson the map will show the effortfor climbing;

Less effort

Steep climb

Contour intervalContour intervalHomework:

if the contour interval is 5 m

Assuming the first contour lies at the lowest point (car park surface),

how many contours for

A?

B?

C?

Which one has the most climb?

Note: “most climb” may not mean “longest distance”!

A

B

C

Yellow White Green show density of vegetation

Black shows “man-made features” or “stone features”rocks, stony ground, buildings, roads, paths, fences, special man-made objects...

Blue shows water lakes, rivers, streams, dried up water course, well, fountain, swamp...

Brown shows earthcontours, knolls, pits, earth banks, special earth features...

COLORSCOLORS

Black

Paved area

Asphalt Road

Fence

Man-made object

Power line

Rockface (teeth point downwards)

Building

Rock

Unpaved path

Man-made line features

roads

fences

stone wall

powerlines

Difference in width...

Unpaved paths and tracks...

Less distinct path, wide enough for only one person

More distinct path, wide enough for 2 people to walk together

Vehicle trackwide enough for a vehicle to pass

asphalt road

unpaved vehicle track

distinct footpath

less distinct footpath

fence (passable)

fence (impassable - forbidden to pass)

ruined fence

stone wall

small power line or telephone line

high voltage power line

Match the terrain with the map

İNSAN YAPIMI DOĞRUSAL ÖZELLİKLER

More black:

Stone features

Blue

Water courses of different size

Density

of

Vegetation

Cultivated open land

Rough open land

Semi-open land with scattered trees

Forest: easy running

Forest: easy running

Vegetation: difficult to run

Vegetation: very difficult to run

Undergrowth or small shrubs may slow down your pace

Dense forest runnable in one direction

Control descriptions used for orienteering in the Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...terrain...

Control descriptions used for orienteering in the Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...terrain...

Open land

Semi-open land

Forest boundary

Clearing

Bush, clump of dense vegetation

Distinct tree

Tree stump, fallen tree

Depression

Small depression

Hole

re-entrant

ridge

spur

re-entrant

hill

knoll (very small hill)

ditch

rockface

boulderboulder field

boulder cluster

stony ground

very large bare rock

boulderboulder field

boulder cluster

stony ground

very large bare rock

earth bank

Ahlatlıbel - Our first orienteering course in the terrain

for control descriptions

www.fortnet.org/icd

http://orienteering.org/resources/mapping/

IOF Control Descriptions