basic latex typesetting - session 1

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Introduction The T E X Document Structure General Formatting The Math Environment Basic L A T E X Typesetting A Hands-On Seminar for Math Training Elective Kiel F. Granada Philippine Science High School – Main Campus Session 1 July 17, 2010 KFGranada Basic L A T E X Typesetting

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Page 1: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Basic LATEXTypesetting

A Hands-On Seminar for Math Training Elective

Kiel F. Granada

Philippine Science High School – Main Campus

Session 1

July 17, 2010

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 2: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

What is LATEX?Software RequirementsTEXMAKER Basics

What is LATEX?

A document markup language and a document preparation systemfor the TEXTypesetting Program.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 3: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

What is LATEX?Software RequirementsTEXMAKER Basics

How LATEX Works

file.tex

source file

file.dvi file.ps file.pdf

outputs

latex dvips ps2pdf

pdflatex

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 4: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

What is LATEX?Software RequirementsTEXMAKER Basics

What do we need to create LATEX documents?

A TEX distribution like TEX Live!

A LATEX editor like TEXMAKER

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 5: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

What is LATEX?Software RequirementsTEXMAKER Basics

TEXMAKER Basics

TEXMAKER is a free cross-platform LATEX editor.

TEXMAKER Command Shortcuts

latex – F2

dvips – F4

ps2pdf – F8

pdflatex – F6

View DVI – F3

View PS – F5

View PDF – F7

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 6: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

The TEX File: Document Structure

\ document c l a s s [ op t i on s ]{ a r t i c l e }

preamble%comments

\ beg i n {document }

body

\end{document }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 7: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

General Syntax

command format

\command [ op t i on s ]{ argument}

environment markers

\ beg i n { env i ronment }

con t en t

\end{ env i ronment }

Achtung!

LATEX is case-sensitive.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 8: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Exercise 1

Create your first LATEX document.

1. Launch TEXMAKER.

2. Create a new file.

3. Type the following basic structure:

\ documen tc l a s s{ a r t i c l e }

\ beg i n {document}

\ end{document}

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 9: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Exercise 1

4. In the document’s body, list the first 10 prime numbers.

5. Save as Ex1.tex.

6. Compile to PDF by pressing F6 .

7. View PDF by pressing F7 .

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 10: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Document Classes

article – for short papers

report

book

letter

slides

beamer – for slide presentations

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 11: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Document Options

\documentclass[options]{article}Font Size – 10pt, 11pt, 12pt

Paper Size – a4paper, letterpaper

Orientation – landscape

Layout – twocolumn

Equation Display – fleqn, leqno

Example

\ documen tc l a s s [ 1 1 pt , twocolumn ]{ a r t i c l e }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 12: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Preamble Contents

Document Labels

(title, subtitle, author, institute, date)

Package Declarations

Syntax: \usepackage{package1, package2, · · · }

General Formatting and Declarations

(page margins, line spacing, etc.)

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 13: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Exercise 2

Create a “titled” LATEX document.

1. Launch TEXMAKER and type the basic structure.

2. In the preamble, set your own document labels.

Example:

\ t i t l e {Bas i c \LaTeX \ , T yp e s e t t i n g }\ author { K i e l F . Granada}\ date { Ju l y 20 , 2010}

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 14: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Exercise 2

3. In the document’s body, type:

\maketitle4. Save as Ex2.tex.

5. Compile and view.

Note

Close PDF reader before running pdflatex.

Follow-up Exercise

Try out the options: 11pt, 12pt, twocolumn

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 15: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Commonly Used Packages

amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb

amsthm

fullpage

multicol

setspace

Simplest Declaration

\ usepackage{amsmath , amsfonts , amssymb , amsthm ,f u l l p a g e , mu l t i c o l , s e t s p a c e }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 16: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Page Numbers, Margins and Line SpacingHandy Commands

\pagestyle{empty}

\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\textwidth}{7.27in}\setlength{\textheight}{10.69in}

\doublespacing\singlespacing\onehalfspacing

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 17: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Other DeclarationsHandy Commands

\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0,0.08,0.45}\color{darkblue}

\DeclareMathOperator{\cis}{cis}

\usepackage[none]{hyphenat}

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 18: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

Exercise 3

Modify Ex2.tex for its output to meet the following specifications:

Font size: 12 pt

Orientation: portrait

Layout: two-column

Margins: 1.5” left, 1” right, 1.25” top and bottom

Spacing: double-spaced

Hyphenation: on

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

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IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationIllustration: Source

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first

draft of this paper and particularly to N. Katz who

patiently answered many questions in the course of

this project, listened to many false trails, and

together with Illusie read the original draft of

Chapter 3.

Several others made valuable suggestions and

criticisms of this paper,

especially Diamond,

de Shalit,

Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 20: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationIllustration: Output

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first draft ofthis paper and particularly to N. Katz who patiently answered manyquestions in the course of this project, listened to many false trails,and together with Illusie read the original draft of Chapter 3.

Several others made valuable suggestions and criticisms of thispaper, especially Diamond, de Shalit, Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 21: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationHandy Commands

white spaces – \, \: \;spaces between paragraphs– \smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip, \vspace{1in}new line – \newline or \\new page – \newpageremove indentation – \noindent

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 22: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

Paragraph Alignments

\ beg in { f l u s h l e f t }l e f t

\end{ f l u s h l e f t }

\ beg in { c en t e r }c en t e r

\ end{ c en t e r }

\ beg in { f l u s h r i g h t }r i g h t

\ end{ f l u s h r i g h t }

left

center

right

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 23: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

Font Sizes

{\tiny text} text

{\scriptsize text} text

{\footnotesize text} text

{\small text} text

{\normalsize text} text{\large text} text{\Large text} text{\LARGE text} text

{\huge text} text

{\Huge text} text

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 24: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

Font Styles

\textbf{text} text

\underline{text} text\textit{text} text

\emph{text} text

\texttt{text} text

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 25: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

List Environments

enumerate

1. Items2. are3. numbered.

itemize

Itemsarebulleted.

description

Labels areindented with

the items.

\ beg in { enumerate }\ i t em numbered

\ i t em i t ems

\ end{ enumerate }

\ beg in { i t em i z e }\ i t em b u l l e t e d

\ i t em l i s t

\ end{ i t em i z e }

\ beg in { d e s c r i p t i o n }\ i t em i n d en t ed

\ i t em l a b e l s

\ end{ d e s c r i p t i o n }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 26: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

Exercise 4 – “Decode Me”

Create a LATEX document with the given output Ex4.pdf.Font size is 12 pt and page has 1” margin in all sides.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 27: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Math Modes

paragraph mode

$ math content $ \begin{math}math content

\end{math}

display mode

$$ math content $$ \begin{displaymath}math content

\end{displaymath}

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 28: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Math ModesExample: Source

S inc e $x = 1$ and $y = −2$ , we can now e a s i l y ge t thev a l u e o f $z$ u s i n g any o f the t h r e e e qua t i o n s .

From Eq . 1 , we have

$$ 2(1) − (−2) + z = 5$$$$2 + 2 + z = 5$$

There fo re , $z = 1$ .

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 29: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Math ModesExample: Output

Since x = 1 and y = −2, we can now easily get the value ofz using any of the three equations.

From Eq. 1, we have

2(1) − (−2) + z = 5

2 + 2 + z = 5

Therefore, z = 1.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 30: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Exercise 5 – “Quick Decode”

Complex numbers are of the form a + bi , where a and b are realnumbers and i =

√−1.

Tip

You may use TEXMAKER’s Math dropdown menu.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 31: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Basic Operations

+−\ t imes\ d i v\pm

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 32: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Relation Symbols

<

=>

\ l e q\geq\neq

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 33: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Subscripts and Superscripts

ˆ{ s u p e r s c r i p t }{ s u b s c r i p t }

ˆab

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 34: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Fractions and Radicals

\ f r a c { numerator }{ denominator}\ d f r a c { numerator }{ denominator}

\ s q r t { r a d i c a nd }\ s q r t [ i ndex ]{ r a d i c a nd }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 35: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Exercise 6 - “Quick Encode”

Typeset the Quadratic Formula.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 36: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Sets and Set Operations

\mathbb{N, W, Z , Q, R}\Re

\ f o r a l l x \ i n \mathbb{Z}\ e x i s t s y \not \ i n \mathbb{N}

A \cup BA \ cap B

N,W,Z,Q,R

ℜ∀x ∈ Z

∃y 6∈ N

A ∪ B

A ∩ B

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 37: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Equations

\ beg i n { equa t i on }nP r = \ d f r a c {n !}{ ( n−r ) ! }

\ end{ equa t i on }

\ beg i n { equa t i on }nC r = \ d f r a c {n !}{ ( n−r ) ! r !}

\ end{ equa t i on }

\ beg i n { equa t i on ∗}nC r = nC {n−r }

\ end{ equa t i on ∗}

nPr =n!

(n − r)!(1)

nCr =n!

(n − r)!r !(2)

nCr =n Cn−r

Note

The equation environment is not written inside $ $.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 38: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Equation Arrays

\ beg i n { eqna r r a y ∗}x &=& 5 − (−1) + 3\\&=& 5 + 1 + 3\\x &=& 9\end{ eqna r r a y }

\ beg i n { eqna r r a y }equa t i on1 &a l i g n he r e&\\equa t i on2 &a l i g n he r e&\\equa t i on3 &a l i g n he r e&\end{ eqna r r a y }

x = 5− (−1) + 3

= 5 + 1 + 3

x = 9

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 39: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Theorems and ProofsExample: Source

\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem }

\ beg i n {thm } [ Fermat ’ s La s t Theorem ]The d i ophan t i n e equa t i on $xˆn + yˆn = zˆn$has no n o n t r i v i a l s o l u t i o n s f o r $n\geq 3$ .\end{thm}

\ beg i n { p r oo f }‘ ‘ I have d i s c o v e r e d a t r u l y r ema rkab l e p r oo fwhich t h i s margin i s too sma l l to con t a i n . ”\end{ p r oo f }

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 40: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Theorems and Proofs

Theorem (Fermat’s Last Theorem)

The diophantine equation xn + yn = zn has no nontrivial solutions

for n ≥ 3.

Proof.

“I have discovered a truly remarkable proof which this margin istoo small to contain.”

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

Page 41: Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Assignment

Part 1

Encode the proof that√2 is irrational.

Part 2

Encode the derivation of the quadratic formula.

Send yourlastname1.tex and yourlastname2.tex [email protected] by Friday, July 23, 2010, 5pm.

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting