basic hindi | lesson 2 | basic pronouns

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Namastē! Lesson 2 | Basic Hindi


Lesson object

1 Basic pronouns

2 'to-be' verb

3 Basic sentences


Revision

English Hindi

Hello Namastē

Who are you? Āp kaun haiṁ?

Lisa eats apples Lisā sēb khātī hai

I am Lisa Maiṁ Lisā hooṁ

I am British Maiṁ Briṭiśha hooṁ

I am pretty Maiṁ sundar hooṁ

Lisa eats oranges Lisā santarē khātī hai

I am Indian Maiṁ Bhāratīya hooṁ


Lesson objects

1 Basic pronouns

2 ''to-be' verb

3 Basic sentences


Basic pronouns

I

Maiṁ


Basic pronouns

You

Āp


Culturally speaking : Forms of you

In India, there are various forms of 'You' which are usually used to differentiate between formal and informal settings

However, we would stick to the more common (and formal) form : Āp


Pronouncing Āp

You (Āp) stresses on the first ā only The pronunciation follows the same

pattern as in 'harp'

Phonetically, we would write harp as hārp


Basic pronouns

We

Hum


Basic pronouns

Vaha is pronounced asv +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a

He

Vaha


Basic pronouns

Vaha is pronounced asv +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a

She

Vaha


Basic Pronouns

Vaha can be used for both 'he' and 'she' - it isneutral gender


Basic pronouns

They

Yē / vē


Basic Pronouns

We use Yē for people in close proximity and Vē for people who are not in close proximity


Basic pronouns

English Hindi

I Maiṁ

You Āp

We Hum

He Vaha

She Vaha

They Yē / vē


Lets see if you remember…


Exercise : Pick the right option

'We' translates to ___

1

Āp

2

Hum

3

Vaha


Solution

'We' translates to ___

1

Āp

2

Hum

3

Vaha


Recall what the other options translate as!

English Hindi

You Āp

He/she Vaha


Lesson object

1 Basic pronouns

2 'to-be' verb

3 Basic sentences


Grammar tip

Just like English, the 'to-be' verb (am, is, are) takes various forms in Hindi

The form it takes depends on the subject (1st / 2nd / 3rd person) and whether the

subject is singular/plural


'to-be' verb

Am

Hooṁ


Pronouncing hooṁ

ṁ is like a short 'n' sound

The last ṁ in hooṁ is pronounced nasally and carries a slight 'n' sound

to it like in 'angst'


'to-be' verb

Are

Haiṁ


Pronouncing haiṁ

ṁ is like a short 'n' sound

The last ṁ in haiṁ is pronounced nasally and carries a slight 'n' sound to

it like in 'angst'


'to-be' verb

Is

Hai


'to-be' verb

English Hindi

Am Hooṁ

Are Haiṁ

Is Hai


'to-be' verb

English Hindi

I am Maiṁ hooṁ

You are Āp haiṁ

She is Vaha hai

They are Yē / vē haiṁ


Try yourself

Problem 1 : I am

Problem 2 : He is

Problem 2 : They are


Solution

English Hindi

I am Maiṁ hooṁ

He is Vaha hai



Examples

English Hindi

I am Mark Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ

She is Lisa Vaha Lisā hai

He is John Vaha John hai

They are Americans Yē Amērikans haiṁ


Lesson objects

1 Basic pronouns

2 'to-be' verb

3 Basic sentences Basic sentences


Basic sentences

I am an Indian


Solution

I am an Indian

Maiṁ hooṁ ēk Bhāratīya


Grammar tip

'an Indian'= 'one Indian' Hence, it is translated as 'Ēk'

'Ēk' literally means 'one'...


Grammar tip

‘An Indian’= 'Ēk Bhāratīya'

Ēk takes up the form of an adjective heredescribing the noun Bhāratīya (Indian)


Grammar tip

Ēk takes up the form of an adjective in 'Ēk Bhāratīya'

In Hindi adjectives always come before the word they describe


Solution

Sentence structureSubject | adjective | object | 'to-be' verb

I am an Indian

Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ


So remember!

I am an Indian = Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ

Just like English, adjective come before the noun they describe


Basic sentences

She is a girl


Basic sentences

She is a girl

Vaha hai ēk laḍkī


Basic sentences

Sentence structureSubject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb

She is a girl

Vaha ēk laḍkī hai


Basic sentences

You are a boy


Basic sentences

You are a boy

Āp haiṁ ēk laḍkē


Basic sentences

Sentence structureSubject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb

You are a boy

Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ


Did you notice?

We are using laḍkē (plural) and not laḍkā (singular) as we are addressing

the person as Āp

This is used as we are showing respect


Use of Plural Forms - Showing Respect

You will notice, that in Hindi, the sentences whereyou have to give respect to the person addressed,you use the plural forms of verbs and adjectives.

Keep this in mind as we go forward.

E.g You are a boy = Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ (not Āp ēklaḍka hai)


Revision: 'to-be' verb

English Hindi

I am Maiṁ hooṁ

You are Āp haiṁ

She is Vaha hai



Revision: Examples

English Hindi

I am Mark Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ

She is Lisa Vaha Lisā hai

He is John Vaha John hai

They are Americans Yē Amērikans haiṁ


Revision

English Hindi

I Maiṁ

You Āp

We Hum

He Vaha

She Vaha

They Yē / vē


Revision

English Hindi

I am Maiṁ hooṁ

He is Vaha hai



Revision

English Hindi

I am an Indian Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ

She is a girl Vaha ēk laḍkī hai

You are a boy Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ


Culture leaf


Culture leaf : Holidays in India

India, being a culturally diverse and zealous society,

celebrates various holidays

There are three national holidays in India: Independence

Day (India), Republic Day (India) and Gandhi Jayanti

States and regions also have their own

local festivals and holidays


Culture leaf

The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher

Festival) is a huge Hindu religious festival

It takes place in India every 12 years

In 2001, 60 million people attended

the Kumbh Mela, breaking the record

for the world’s biggest gathering


What’s next?

In the next lesson we will learn basic expressions, such as greetings and

goodbyes!


Credits

Content

CultureAlley

Culture leaf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India

Images

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki User:Yosarian


Dhan'yavād! See you at the Alley!


basic hindi | lesson 2 | basic pronouns

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basic pronouns

3 basic sentences

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1 basic pronouns

kumbh mela

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