Basic Drilling Engineering

ContentsWHY WE DRILLPROSPECT SELECTIONHISTORICAL BACKGROUNDMODIFICATION IN DRILLINGTYPES OF DRILLINGWHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF DRILLINGCONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTSRIG COMPONENTSADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLINGMUD TYPES & THEIR USAGEWHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION

Why We DrillTO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE

TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH

TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

Prospect SelectionIn case of Production wells, prospect selection is identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir productionExploration wells require geological and geophysical data gathering, processing and evaluationSurface geological studySubsurface mappingIdentification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt domes, fault traps, sand bodies lensesSeismic Evaluation

Historical Background1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL

1859 CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING

1918 WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE TOOL ( 7386 ft ) 1930 ROTARY DRILLING

Modification In DrillingRotary DrillingCoil TubingBY THE PONDING ACTION OF THE DRILLING BITSBY THE ROATARY ACTION OF THE DRILL BITSUSED FOR THE HORIZONTAL & MULTILATERAL DRILLINGCable Tool

What are the different Well Locations in terms of DrillingOnshore and Offshore

Basic Drilling Rig Functions HOISTING DEERICK DRAW WORKS BLOCKS HOOK

ROTATING

ROTARY TABLE SWIVEL KELLY

CIRCULATING PUMPS STAND PIPES SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONTROLLING BLOWOUT PREVENTOR CHOKE SYSTEM

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

Rig Components (Hoisting System)DERRICKThe function of a derrick is to provide vertical clearance to the raising and lowering of drill string into and out of boreholeTwo type of DerricksStandard Derricks - it is of bolted construction and assembled part by partMast a portable derrick, one capable of being erected as a unit

CROWN BLOCKThe fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves) located at the top of the derrick or mast over which the drilling line is threaded. TRAVELLING BLOCK A pulley (sheave) assembly that connects the drilling line to the hook and swivel

Rig Components (Hoisting System)

Rig Components (Hoisting System)DRAWWORKS

It is the control center from which the driller operates the rig. It contains clutches, chains and other controlsIt houses the drum which spools drilling line during hoisting and allows feed off during drilling

Rig Components (Rotating System)KELLYA Kelly is a square or hexagonal length of pipe that fits into a bushing in the rig's rotary table. As the rotary table turns to the right, the Kelly turns with it. The main function of a Kelly is to transfer energy from the rotary table to the rest of the drill string SWIVELIt suspends the drill string and allows rotation at the same timeKELLYROTARY TABLERAT HOLE

Rig Components (Rotating System)DRILL PIPESDrill pipe furnishes the necessary length for drill string and serves as a conduit for the drilling fluid

DRILL COLLARSProvides weight and stability to the drill bit, maintain tension on the drill pipe and help keep the hole on a straight course

Rig Components (Rotating System)HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES provides additional hole stability and aids in directional controlSTABILIZERS centralize the drill collars, help maintain the hole at full-gauge diameter JARS provides sharp upward or downward impact to free stuck pipeREAMERS helps to maintain a full-gauge hole diameterCROSS OVER SUBS which join components having different types of connections.

Rig Components (Rotating System)BITSMost critical component in rotary drilling operations. Different types of bitsTwo main type of bits:Rolling cutter bits - consist of cutting elements arranged on cones (usually three cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on bearings about their own axis as the drill string turns the body of the bit. These bits can have teeth or buttons

Rig Components (Rotating System)Fixed cutter bits - also known as drag bits, consist of stationary cutting elements that are integral with the body of the bit and are rotated directly by the turning of the drill string. The principal types of fixed cutter bits are natural diamond polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC)

Circulating System

Rig Components (Circulating System)MUD PUMPS

Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the desired pressure and volumeThe pump normally used for this service is reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex type

STANDPIPE

A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel approximately one-third of the way up the derrick where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose (Kelly hose) Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so that downtime is kept to a minimum if one standpipe requires repair

Rig Components (Power System)PRIME MOVRESThese are used to supply power to drilling operations. These can be steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engineThe bulk of rig power is consumed in two operations namely circulation of fluid and hoisting

Rig Components (Controlling System)BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP)If the formation pressure is more than the imposed by drilling fluid, in this case formation fluids flow into borehole and eventually to the surface. This effect is called blowout

The main function of blowout preventers is to close the annular space between the drill pipe and casing

ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY DRILLING DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

HORIZONTAL DRILLING

MULTILATERAL DRILLING

COIL TUBING DRILLING

Drilling Hazards Tools dropped while drilling Pipe stuck Increased size of hole Lost circulation problems Sloughing shale

What we call a successful Drilling OperationThrough which we get our desired results without any accidents.

Quiz Test Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by

Q.2 write down the names of hoisting equipment

Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ?

Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?

Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?