basic concept of learning disability psentation
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Learning is the process by which experience and practice result in a stable change in the learner’s behaviour. .
Three Criteria in Determining the Presence of Learning
DisabilitiesSevere discrepancy between the
child’s potential and actual achievement
Exclusion or absence of mental retardation, sensory impairment and other disabilities
Need for education services
Learning and Behaviour Characteristics of Children with
Learning Disabilities Reading
Dyslexia
Written Language
Spoken Language
Developmental Aphasia
Pragmatics or Social Uses of Language
Mathematics
Behavioural Problems
Perceptual, Perceptual-Motor, and General Coordination
ProblemsChildren with learning disabilities
exhibit visual and/or auditory perceptual disabilities.
They have difficulty with physical activities that involves gross and fine motor skills.
They have problems with attention and hyperactivity.
Memory, Cognitive, and Metacognitive Problems
Problems in memory, cognitive, and metacognitive areas are related. If there is a problem then there are also problems in understanding or cognition.
Attention Deficits.
Poor Memory.
Problems in Social Competence
Problems in relating with other people is not a characteristics of person with learning disabilities. Rather, it is an outcome of the different social climates created by people in school, at home, the community and other places with whom person with learning disabilities interact.
Causes of Learning Disabilities
The Genetic Factors in Learning Disabilities
oBrain Damage
•Hereditary
• Innate
•Congenital or constitutional
oBiochemical Imbalance
The Environmental Factors in Learning Disabilities
•Emotional disturbance.
•Lack of motivation
•Poor instruction
Assessment of Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities is a complex
condition. Therefore a battery of three to five test are used to identify students who may have learning disabilities. These are norm-referenced test, process test, informal learning inventories, criterion referenced test, and direct daily measurement of learning. (Heward 2003).