basic communication of public relations
TRANSCRIPT
BASIC COMMUNICATION OF
PUBLIC RELATIONS
Dorien Kartikawangi
COMMUNICATION
• Harold Laswell (dalam Berger & Chaffe, 1987):
Who? Says what? In what channel? To Whom? With what effect?
Dorien Kartikawangi
• De Vito (1995):
Interpersonal communication is communication that takes place between two person who have an establish relationship; people who are in some way ‘connected’
THE BASIC FORM OF COMMUNICATION
• Nonverbal communication
• Verbal communication
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Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication is the process of communicating without words
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• Nonverbal communication has view rules and often occurs unconsciously
• Action speak lauder than words
The Important of
Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication is more reliable and more efficient than verbal communication
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communication
• People use nonverbal signals to support and clarify verbal communication
The Types of
Nonverbal Communication
• Facial expressions and eye behavior
• Gestures and postures
• Vocal characteristics
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• Vocal characteristics
• Personal appearance
• Touching behavior
• Use of time and space
Means:
• The face and eyes command particular attention as a source of nonverbal messages
• Body language and tone of voice reveal a lot about a person’s emotions and attitudes
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• Physical appearance and personal style contribute to our identity
• Use of touch, attitude toward time, and use of space (all of which are affected by culture) help establish social relationship
Important!
• Nonverbal communication can be different for men and women
• Improve nonverbal skills by paying more
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• Improve nonverbal skills by paying more attention to cues
Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication is the process of communicating with words
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• Language is composed of words and grammar
Speaking and Writing
• Businesspeople rely more heavily on oral than on written communication channels for sharing information on a day-to-day basis, but they often put important
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basis, but they often put important messages in writing
Listening and Reading
• People receiving messages by listening and reading
• People spend more time receiving messages than transmitting it
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than transmitting it
• Effective business communication depends on skill in receiving messages as well as in sending them
• To absorb information people must concentrate, evaluate, and retain what they read or hear
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
• The communication process consists of six phase linking sender and receiver
1
Sender
6
Receiver &
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Channel
And
Medium
Sender
2
Encoding
3
Transmiting
4
Receiver gets
The message
5
decoding
Receiver &
Feed back
situation
• The sender has an idea
• The sender transform the idea into a message
• The sender transmits the message
The receiver gets the message
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• The receiver gets the message
• The receiver interprets the message
• The receiver reacts and sends feedback to the sender
Formulating a Message
• Indecision about content. Include only the
information that is useful to audience, and organize it in a way that encourages its acceptance.
• Lack of familiarity with the situation or receiver.
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receiver. Ask why you are preparing the message and
for whom you are preparing it.
• Difficulty expressing ideas. An inability to put
thoughts into words can be overcome through study and practice
Overcoming Communication Barriers
• Communication barriers exist between people and within organizations
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people and within organizations
• Noise is any interference in communication process that distorts or obscures the sender’s meaning
Communication Barriers
Between People
• Differences in perception
• Incorrect filtering
• Language problems
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• Language problems
• Poor listening
• Differing emotional states
• Differing background
Communication Barriers
Within Organizations
• Information overload
• Message complexity
• Message competition
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• Message competition
• Differing status
• Lack of trust
• Inadequate communication structure
• Incorrect choice of medium, depends on message, audience, need for speed, situation
Face
To
Face
Telephone
Electronic
Addressed
Documents
(notes, memo)
Un-addressed
Documents
(fliers, bulletins)
Richer Learner
A continuum of media richness
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• Closed communication climate
• Unethical communication
• Inefficient communication
• Physical distractions
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION
• Effective communication requires perception, precision, credibility, control, and congeniality
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• Create the massage carefully
• Minimize noise
• Facilitate feedback
THANK YOU
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Pendahuluan
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Dorien Kartikawangi