basic aerodynamics ppt 090822034730 phpapp01

54
Fundamentals of Flight A Basic Introduction to Aerodynamics

Upload: bilal-ahmad

Post on 26-Nov-2014

169 views

Category:

Documents


11 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Fundamentals of FlightA Basic Introduction to Aerodynamics

Page 2: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

The Four Forces of Flight

The four forces act on the airplane in flight and also work against each other.

Page 3: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

The Four Forces of Flight

The four forces act on the airplane in flight and also work against each other.

Page 4: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 5: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Weight counteracts lift.

The earth’s gravity pulls down on objects and gives them weight.

Page 6: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

What’s it take to create lift?Air and motion.

How do we explain lift?Newton’s Laws of Motion and Bernoulli’s Principal are used to explain lift.

Page 7: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Newton’s Second Law: force causes a change in velocity which in turn generates another force. Newton’s Third Law: net flow of air is turned down resulting in an ‘equal and opposite’ upward force.

Page 8: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Page 9: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Venturi TubeBernouli’s first practical use of his

theoremWhere are venturi tubes used today?

Page 10: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Hold two sheets of paper together, as shown here, and blow between them. No matter how hard you blow, you cannot push them more than a little bit apart!

Page 11: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Bernoulli’s Theory in Action

Air speeds up in the constricted space between the car & truck creating a low-pressure area. Higher pressure on the other outside pushes them together.

Page 12: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

What is a wing?

A wing is really just half a venturi tube.

Page 13: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as it moves through a constricted space

Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as air speeds up, its pressure goes down.

Page 14: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 15: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air below the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up.

Page 16: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Bernoulli’s Principle: Air moving over the wing moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift!

Page 17: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Bernoulli’s Principal: pressure variation around the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.

Page 19: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

A wing creates lift due to a combination of Bernoulli’s Principal & Newton’s Third Law

Page 20: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel

Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel

Page 21: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Internal ribs define the wings shape

Wing Shape

Page 22: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 23: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 24: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

This US Navy Carrier Jet has a very small wing, how can it fly? Can you see the airfoil?Why is the wing small?What other aerodynamic devices can you see?

Page 25: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

How can an airplane fly upside down?

Page 27: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Pitch Around the Lateral Axis

Page 28: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

The ELEVATOR controls PITCH. On the horizontal tail surface, the elevator tilts up or down, decreasing or increasing lift on the tail. This tilts the nose of the airplane up and down.

Elevator Controls Pitch

Page 29: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Roll Around Longitudinal Axis

Page 30: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Ailerons Control RollThe AILERONS control ROLL. On the outer rear edge of each wing, the two ailerons move in opposite directions, up and down, decreasing lift on one wing while increasing it on the other. This causes the airplane to roll to the left or right.

Page 31: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Yaw Around the vertical Axis

Page 32: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

The RUDDER controls YAW. On the vertical tail fin, the rudder swivels from side to side, pushing the tail in a left or right direction. A pilot usually uses the rudder along with the ailerons to turn the airplane.

Rudder Controls Yaw

Page 33: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors: Two Kinds in AviationVectors to final approach – instructions to

a pilot to steer a specific course “Turn left heading 270, vectors to final approach course Grand Junction.”

A physics term to define magnitude and direction.

Page 34: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors A physics term to

define magnitude and direction.

Direction: 045

Magnitude: 20

20

45 o

What?

Page 35: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors20 What Units?Some unit of distance, force,

acceleration, time, etc.

Page 36: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors

Page 37: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors

Page 38: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors What good are

they? Or, “I was told there would be No Math!”

They help us find out what happens!

Adding Vectors together = Resultant

Page 39: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors

Therefore, any “vector” can be “analyzed” or broken down into horizontal and vertical components

Lift

Page 40: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Vectors: “The MATH”

Pythagorean

Properties of right triangles

Page 41: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Which of these airplanes will speed up?

Which will slow down?

Page 42: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 43: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Drag is the force of resistance an aircraft ‘feels’ as it moves through the air.

Page 44: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 45: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust must be greater than drag.

For an airplane to take off, lift must be greater than weight.

Page 46: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Engines (either jet or propeller) typically provide the thrust for aircraft. When you fly a paper airplane, you generate the thrust.

Page 47: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

A propeller is a spinning wing that generates lift forward.

Page 48: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 49: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

What will happen when the fire-fighting plane drops its load of water?

Page 50: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

AIRPLANE PARTS

Page 51: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 52: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01

Airplane Parts

Page 53: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01
Page 54: Basic Aerodynamics Ppt 090822034730 Phpapp01