Baseline Groundwater Study in Athens and Belmont Counties

State of the Region ConferenceJune 4, 2013

Dr. Natalie Kruse Daniels and Jennifer Bowman Ohio University’s Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs

Funders and partners

• The Sugarbush Foundation• Institute for Sustainable Energy and the

Environment (ISEE) Laboratory • Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Laboratory• Analytical Associates (AA) Laboratory

Potential Threats to Water Quality from the Process of Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing

James Saiers, Professor of Hydrology, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, November, 2011

0 5 102.5Miles

Sample Locations in Athens, Hocking and Perry County

Sample Type

Mine

Well

Spring

Streams

Sampling Locations in Athens, Hocking, Meigs, and Perry County

0 5 102.5Miles

Sample Locations in Belmont and Guernsey County

Sample Type

Mine

Well

Spring

Streams

Baseline Groundwater Water Quality Testing

Field ParameterspH Chemical Oxygen Demand

(COD)Conductivity

Hardness, Total Total Dissolved Solids Total Suspended SolidsTurbidity Major IonsAcidity Alkalinity CalciumChloride Magnesium Nitrate + NitriteNitrite Potassium SodiumSulfate Minor and Trace ElementsAluminum Ammonia ArsenicBarium Beryllium BoronBromide Cadmium ChlorideChromium Chromium 2677 Chromium 2835Cobalt Copper IronIron 2395 Iron 2599 LeadManganese Manganese 2576 Manganese 2794Nickel Selenium StrontiumTitanium Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Total Phosphorus

Vanadium Zinc

Organic Chemicals1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,1-Dichloroethene1,1-Dichloropropene 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,3-Trichloropropane1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane1,2-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichloroethane1,2-Dichloropropane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichloropropane 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dioxane1 - Butanol 1-Propanol 2,2-Dichloropropane2-Butanone 2-Chlorotoluene 2-Hexanone2-Pentanone 4-Chlorotoluene 4-Isopropyltoluene4-Methyl-2-pentanone Acetone AcetonitrileAcrolein Acrylonitrile BenzeneBromobenzene Bromochloromethane BromodichloromethaneBromoform Bromomethane Carbon disulfideCarbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene ChloroethaneChloroform Chloromethane cis-1,2-Dichloroethenecis-1,3-Dichloropropene Dibromochloromethane DibromomethaneDichlorodifluoromethane Ethanol Ethyl AcetateEthylbenzene Ethylene Oxide HexachlorobutadieneIodomethane Isobutyl Alcohol Isopropyl AlcoholIsopropylbenzene Methane MethanolMethylene chloride Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Naphthalenen-Butylbenzene n- decane n- docosanen- dodecane n- dotriaoctane n- eicosanen- hexacosane n- hexadecane n- octacosanen- octadecane n-Propylbenzene n- tetracosanen- tetradecane n- triacontrane o-XylenePropionitrile Pyridine sec-ButylbenzeneStyrene t- Butyl alcohol tert-ButylbenzeneTetrachloroethene Toluene Total m&p-xylenestrans-1,2-Dichloroethene trans-1,3-Dichloropropene trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-buteneTrichloroethene Trichlorofluoromethane Vinyl acetateVinyl chloride Xylene(s)

Regional report

• Final report in progress• Box plots of water quality found at the acid

mine drainage sites graphed separately• Concentrations above MCL

– @ mine sites: Al and As– @ GW sites: Pb and As (As ISEE lab only)

• List of parameters at or below detection level (all VOCs)

Acid mine drainage sites Groundwater sites

Groundwater parameters at or below detection level1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane Benzene n- dotriaoctane

1,1,1-Trichloroethane Bromobenzene n- eicosane1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Bromochloromethane n- hexacosane

1,1,2-Trichloroethane Bromodichloromethane n- hexadecane1,1-Dichloroethane Bromoform n- octacosane1,1-Dichloroethene Bromomethane n- octadecane

1,1-Dichloropropene Carbon disulfide n-Propylbenzene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene Carbon tetrachloride n- tetracosane1,2,3-Trichloropropane Chlorobenzene n- tetradecane1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Chloroethane n- triacontrane1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Chloroform o-Xylene

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Chloromethane sec-Butylbenzene1,2-Dibromoethane cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Styrene1,2-Dichlorobenzene cis-1,3-Dichloropropene tert-Butylbenzene1,2-Dichloroethane Dibromochloromethane Tetrachloroethene

1,2-Dichloropropane Dibromomethane Toluene1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane Total m&p-xylenes

1,3-Dichlorobenzene Ethylbenzene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene1,3-Dichloropropane Hexachlorobutadiene trans-1,3-Dichloropropene1,4-Dichlorobenzene Iodomethane trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene2,2-Dichloropropane Isopropylbenzene Trichloroethene

Methylene chloride Trichlorofluoromethane2-Chlorotoluene Naphthalene Vinyl acetate

2-Hexanone n-Butylbenzene Vinyl chloride4-Chlorotoluene n- decane Xylene(s)

4-Isopropyltoluene n- docosane 4-Methyl-2-pentanone n- dodecane

Ohio wells 2011-2012

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec2011 2012

SCI 0

TRU 2

MUS 3

WAS 0

COS 5

WAY 1

ATH 0

STA 13

TUS 12

GAL 0

BEL 14

VIN 0

CUY 0

COL 62

JAC 0

LAW 0

HOL 3

GUE 26

PER 0

POR 14

GEA 1

MEG 0

HOC 0

MED 1

MRG 0MOE 22

HAS 64

MAH 15SUM 0

JEF 33

NOB 25

CAR 181

0 40 8020Miles

Utica Wells Permitted or Drilled

A study titled Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Issues written by the Congressional Research Service in July 2012 Stated :

“A key barrier to better understanding groundwater contamination risks that may be associated with hydraulic fracturing has been the lack of scientific studies to assess the practice and related complaints.” A shale gas study titled Fact-Based Regulation for Environmental Protection in Shale Gas Development, by the Energy Institute at the University of Texas in Feb. 2012 Stated:

“Regarding claims of water well impacts from shale gas development (mainly involving methane, turbidity, odor, and chemical contaminants), the report notes that such constituents in many cases were present before shale gas development, but often there is insufficient baseline (pre-drilling) sampling or monitoring to establish the impacts of drilling fracturing, and other operations.”

Good reasons for baseline pre-drilling monitoring

Thank You!

Dr. Natalie Kruse DanielsVoinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs

Assistant Professor of Environmental Studieskrusen@ohio.edu

Jennifer BowmanVoinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs

Energy and the Environment, Senior Project Managerbowmanj2@ohio.edu