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Baroque Music

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Page 1: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Baroque Music

Page 2: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

SonataA work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord.

Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola de Gamba. From the Classical period onwards a sonata was a work for piano or solo

instrument accompanied by piano.Audio Clip

Audio Clip

BassoContinuo

Page 3: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

ConcertoWork for solo instrument and orchestra, e.g. a flute concerto is

written for solo flute and orchestra.

Audio Clip

Audio Clip

Page 4: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Concerto GrossoA type of concerto in which a group of soloists (concertino) is combined

and contrasted with a larger group (ripieno).

Audio Clip

Ripieno

Concertino

Page 5: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Concerto GrossoThere are two sections in a Concerto Grosso.

The section played by the soloists (concertino) is called the concertante .The section played by the larger group (ripieno) is called the ritornello.

Audio Clip

Ripieno

Concertino

Ritornello

Page 6: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

The ritornello can also be a brief

introduction or interlude in a

vocal composition, or for a brief

instrumental passage between scenes in a 17th-century opera.

RitornelloAudio Clip

Ritornello

Begins

Ritornello

Ends

Page 7: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

SuiteA set of dances or a collection of pieces which are part of a larger scale work.Dances contained in the suite include.

Overture

Gavotte

Courante

Bourree

Minuet

Gigue

Audio clip

Audio clip

Audio clip

Audio clip

Audio clip

Audio clip

A piece of orchestral music which introduces a large-scale work such as an opera, an oratorio, or a musical.

J S Bach

Page 8: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

PassacagliaVariations over a ground bass.

Audio File

Page 9: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

ChaconneVariations over a repeated progression of chords.

Audio Clip

Page 10: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Fugue

A contrapuntal piece based on a theme (subject) announced in one voice part alone,then imitated by other voices in close succession.

The following slides will describe different aspects of the fugue.

See Episode, and Stretto.

Page 11: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

ExpositionThe exposition is the opening section of a fugue. It is made of 3 main ideas.

They are

Page 12: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

SubjectThe subject is the opening and main melody of a fugue.

subject

Page 13: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

AnswerThe answer is the same melody as the first subject but at a higher or lowerPitch. The answer can be either real (an exact copy by interval) or Tonal (the intervals may change slighly to fit with the harmony)

Answer

Page 14: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Counter SubjectOnce the subject has been played the instrument will continue by playing

a continuation of the melody called a counter subject.

Counter subject.

Page 15: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Note how these 3 feature fit together in the opening two lines of this fugue.

subjectAnswer

Answer subj

ect

Counter subject.

Counter subject.

Page 16: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

StrettoWhere voices or instruments enter very quickly one after the other, as in Fugue.

Each entry or part enters closely after the previous part, thus adding tension and excitement.

Page 17: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Now watch a video clip of this fugue and look at how these ideas link together.It is also worth noting the pedal note near the coda (the extra section at the end)

as this is a common feature in fugues

Audio Clip

Page 18: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

EpisodeIn some Fugues an episode can be used as a modulating link between entries of

the subject and is frequently based on fragments from the subject or Countersubject.This fugue is in C minor. Listen for the tierce di picardie (major chord) at the end.

Audio Clip

Page 19: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Chorale PreludeAn extended composition for organ based on a chorale melody. The melody can

be treated in a wide variety of ways, e.g. fugal style and variation form.

Audio Clip

Page 20: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Da Capo AriaAn aria in Ternary form (A B A), found in opera and oratorio in the 17th and

18th centuries. The third section is not written out but the instruction Da capo (from the beginning) is given instead. The repeat of the A section

was performed with the solo ornamented. In the Baroque section B was often in the relative minor or major.

Audio Clip

Section AIntroduction in Bb

Section BG minor Relative Minor

Go back toSection A

Page 21: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Other Features

Page 22: Baroque Music. Sonata A work for solo piano, or a solo instrument accompanied by harpsichord. Often the basso continuo would also be played by a cello/Viola

Basso ContinuoSometimes referred to as Continuo. In the Baroque period, the continuo part

consisted of a bass line (basso continuo) played by cello, bass, viola da gamba or bassoon. In addition the harpsichord, organ or

lute player was expected to fill in harmonies built on that bass line.

Audio Clip