barbarian invasions.ppt

8/9/2019 Barbarian Invasions.ppt

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Barbarian Invasions


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Outline• Diversity of Peoples

– Goths, Huns, Burgundians, Lombards, Bretons,ran!s, "ongols, #vars, #lans $

•%hat %e &no' (and Don)t*• +thnogenesis

• "igration Patterns a-tors

• +arly Intera-tions

• .he Goths• %hat)s Left of the /oman +mpire


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.he %andering of Peoples

-01223422• %ho is a

5Barbarian67

• eared,

#dmired,.olerated,8-orned, #bsorbed

• 9ontinual +:pansion; In-orporation of

large, foreignpopulations 'ithinthe +mpire

Europe & the Eastern Roman Empire, c.600


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"igrations

• .raditional vie's v0modern

historiography

• Pull a-tors 3developments inside

the /oman military,

the 5Grand

8trategy6, foedera

“… it is folly to use wolves as watchdogs.” !enator !ynesius of "yrene


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"igrations

• Push a-tors 3 ta!eadvantage of

/ome)s ri-hes in

varying degrees,

division amongst

people in the limes,

very violent raids


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Organi


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Organi


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Organi


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Organi


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Organi


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Organi


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Organiomadi- 8edentary

• Barbarian 5&ingship6

• 8u--ession? ele-toral

hereditary• 9ult of Personality

• @usti-e

– Blood feuds

– %ergild – 9ompurgation

– .rial by Ordeal

ustice of Emperor 'tto (((, panel depicting )rial *y +ire -ieric outs the Elder, /10123


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.he Bog People

4uldremose %oman

utland, d./6050 ".E.

)ollund an

3 utland 3 500s ".E.

• ound in the peat bogs of >%+urope

• .heories on their deaths


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Problem of the 8uevian &not

#ow ( shall spea7 of the !uevi … a peculiarity is that they com* their hairto the side and *ind it together in a7not. (n this way, the !uevi distinguishthemselves from other $ermans, andthe free men from the slaves. 'ther

people also wear their hair in this way, perhaps *ecause they li7e thisfashion. ut this hairstyle is unusuale8cept among the !uevi, and isgenerally found only among young

people. )he !uevi, on the other hand,

even those of advanced age, com*their unruly hair *ac7, and then ma7ethe 7not on the crown of the head.)he no*les dress their hair even moreartfully.

.a-itus, $ermania, 9hapter A

'ster*y an, //00 ".E.


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+arly Intera-tions

• Hermann (#rmin* the

German

• 9herus-i

• +mperor #ugustus,Cst -0 90+0

• General arus) defeat

• Barbarians traumati


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+arly Intera-tions

• Da-ians

– 9arpathian

"ountains

– #dvan-ed,

sophisti-ated• .raEan leads CA

Legions

• Profits

• +mpire stops

e:panding during

Hadrian)s /eign

)ra;an


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.he Goths

In 8ear-h of the Goths

• 5Gutones6, >% Poland, Cst -0 90+0

• @ordanes) $etica, 4th -0 90+0 ? – Oral tradition, (no' lost* $othic 4istory by

9assiodorus, Gothi- historian 5#lbabius6 – Ho' do 'e read @ordanes7


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.he Goths

Gothi- Identity

• 8ome semblan-e of identity, Cst3Fnd -0 90+0• ragmented e:perien-e

• #rian

• 1th -0 #gri-ultural revolution, advan-ed metal'or!ing,

glass produ-tion


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.he Goths

9rossing into the /oman +mpire

• Pressure from the Huns, 1th -0 90+0• 9rossing the Danube

• Gothi- revolt, A 90+0

• .ervingi and Greunthungi Goths

isigoths


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.he Goths

.he 8a-! of /ome, #ugust 1C2

• nder the leadership of #lari-

• 12,222 Goths enter the gates of /ome

• %holesale violen-e and destru-tion $ or pea-eful pilgrims7

.hey 'eren)t the only ones0


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Jth 9entury "igrations

• 9haos in Gaul

• andals, 8uevi, #lans -ross /hine (124*

and slo'ly move south

• /omans leave 8pain

• andals -ross into Iberian Peninsula,

1FK


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Italian Peninsula

• Odoa-er, 14

• +mperor eno (+ast*

persuades (Ostrogothi-*

.heoderi- to underta!ea -ampaign

• Lombards in Italy (J43

1*

>aul the -eacon

:om*ard shield, 1th c.


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+urope, -0 J22 90+0

• isigoths? moste:tensive

• 9lovis) vi-tory, J2

• British Isles

– #ngles, 8a:ons

– &ingdoms? +sse:,

8usse:, %esse:,

&ent, +ast #nglia,

>orthumbria, "er-ia

eowulfcode8 of the ritish useum ! "otton ?itellius 9. 8v


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Offa)s Dy!e


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.he >e' Order

• >e' Barbarian !ingdoms

• /urali

barbarian invasions.ppt

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