barbados sustainable energy framework vol ii (appendices), 6-2010

7/31/2019 Barbados Sustainable Energy Framework Vol II (appendices), 6-2010

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Usuxjkojnmc Coc~l{ A~jgc|i~`ai~ Nj~njhiu

JXO)IE'::86:6


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Xjnmc ia Eioxcoxu

Jvvcohkr J 4 Mj|u joh ^clsmjxkiou Liqc~okol xbc Cmcex~kekx{ Ucexi~ ko Nj~njhiu 3J/: Xbc Cmcex~kekx{ Jex 3J/> Xbc Ajk~ X~jhkol Eiggkuukio Jex 3J/5 Xbc Cmcex~ke Mklbx joh Vi|c~ Jex 1J/8 Xbc Sxkmkxkcu ^clsmjxkio Jex 2

Jvvcohkr N 4 @c{ Coxkxkcu ko Nj~njhiu |kxb ^cuviouknkmkx{ ko xbc Coc~l{ Ucexi~ ;N/: Xbc Gkokux~{ ia Akojoec- Koqcuxgcox- Xcmceiggsokejxkiou- joh Coc~l{ ;N/> Xbc Ajk~ X~jhkol Eiggkuukio ;N/5 Xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ ::N/8 Xbc Ojxkiojm Vcx~imcsg Ei~vi~jxkio :5N/3 Xbc Nj~njhiu Ojxkiojm Ikm Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch :5N/1 Xbc Nj~njhiu Ojxkiojm Xc~gkojm Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch :5

Jvvcohkr E 4 Vixcoxkjm ^coc|jnmc Coc~l{ Xceboimilkcu :3

E/: Uimj~ Vbixiqimxjke :3E/> Uimj~ Xbc~gjm >6E/5 B{n~kh Vbixiqimxjke)Xbc~gjm >>E/8 \koh Coc~l{ >5E/3 Nkigjuu Eilcoc~jxkio >;E/ IXCE Xceboimil{ 53

C/5

IXCE io Hcgjoh 5;

C/8 IXCE Vixcoxkjm ai~ Nj~njhiu 5;Jvvcohkr A 4 Iecjo \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio 8>

A/: Nj~njhiu joh kxu Iecjo \jqc Coc~l{ V~iuvcexu 8>A/> X{vcu ia \jqc Coc~l{ Ejvxs~kol Xceboimilkcu 85

Jvvcohkr L 4 V~iqkukiou ai~ L~kh Uxjnkmkx{ 82L/: Coc~l{ uxi~jlc 82L/> Vsgvch uxi~jlc ajekmkxkcu 3:L/5 Am{|bccmu 3:L/8 Koxc~~svxknmc Mijh joh Hcgjoh ^cuviouc Eiox~jexu 3:L/3 \koh Vi|c~ Ai~cejuxkol 3>L/1 Iaa'L~kh Qc~usu L~kh'Eioocexch U{uxcgu 3>

Jvvcohkr B 4 Vixcoxkjm Coc~l{ Caakekcoe{ Xceboimilkcu 32B/: Mklbxkol gcjus~cu 3;B/> Jk~ eiohkxkiokol gcjus~cu 13B/5 ^ca~klc~jxkio gcjus~cu 1


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B/ CUEIu ejvjnkmkxkcu j~c mkgkxch n{ xbck~ ugjmm uejmc joh n{ jqjkmjnkmkx{ iaakojoekol 25

Jvvcohkr @ 4 Coc~l{ Jshkx Lskhcmkocu "Iexinc~ >66;+ 23Jvvcohkr M 4 Ugj~x Asoh Hcuklo ;:

M/: Liqc~ogcox Lskhjoec ai~ Hcuklokol xbc Ugj~x Asoh ;:M/> ^ceiggcohch Akojoekjm Koux~sgcoxu ;>M/5 Cmklknkmkx{ ai~ ^ceckqkol Usvvi~x a~ig xbc Asoh :68M/8 J~~jolcgcoxu ai~ Jhgkokuxc~kol xbc Ugj~x Asoh :63

Jvvcohkr G 4 Juusgvxkiou joh ^cusmxu ai~ V~idcexch Ncocakxu ia xbc UCA :62G/: Gihcmkol Jvv~ijeb joh Juusgvxkiou :62G/> Nsukocuu ju Susjm Uecoj~ki ::5

G/5 Bklb ^coc|jnmc Coc~l{ Uecoj~ki ::2G/8 Bklb CC Uecoj~ki :>5G/3 Usuxjkojnmc Coc~l{ Uecoj~ki :>2

Jvvcohkr O 4 Kouxkxsxkiojm Ejvjnkmkxkcu Juucuugcox :55O/: Xbc Coc~l{ Hkqkukio ia GAKC :55O/> Xi|o joh Eisox~{ Hcqcmivgcox Vmjookol Iaakec "XEHVI+ :51O/5 Liqc~ogcox Cmcex~kejm Colkocc~kol Hcvj~xgcox "LCCH+ :51O/8 Nj~njhiu Mklbx joh Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ "NM!V+ :5


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Jvvcohkr J4 Mj|u joh ^clsmjxkiou Liqc~okol xbcCmcex~kekx{ Ucexi~ ko Nj~njhiu

Mj|u joh ^clsmjxkiou xbjx liqc~o xbc cmcex~kekx{ ucexi~ ko Nj~njhiu j~c4

Xbc Cmcex~kekx{ Jex- Ebjvxc~ >1N ia xbc Mj|u ia Nj~njhiu Xbc Sxkmkxkcu ^clsmjxkio Jex- Ebjvxc~ >2> ia xbc Mj|u ia Nj~njhiu/

Ncmi| |c ~cqkc| xbc `c{ juvcexu ~cmjxch xi coc~l{ caakekcoe{ joh ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ ia cjeb iaxbcuc/

J/: Xbc Cmcex~kekx{ JexXbc Cmcex~kekx{ Jex- Ebjvxc~ >


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Xbc Eiggkuukio ku j nih{ ei~vi~jxc joh usndcex xi Ucexkio >: ia xbc Koxc~v~cxjxkio Jex/Xbc Eiggkuukio ku ~czsk~ch xi ej~~{ isx kxu asoexkiou ko j gjooc~ xbjx |kmm v~igixccaakekcoe{ joh coeis~jlc eigvcxkxkio jgiol uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u joh nsukocuu coxc~v~kucu- johkgv~iqc xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec joh zsjmkx{ ia liihu joh uc~qkecu ko Nj~njhiu/

Xbc asoexkiou ia xbc Eiggkuukio- ju ucx isx ko Ucexkio 8/ ":+- j~c xi coai~ec xbc Sxkmkxkcu

^clsmjxkio Jex joh jo{ mj|u ~cmjxkol xi eiousgc~ v~ixcexkio joh ajk~ eigvcxkxkio |bkeb xbcEiggkuukio bju ds~kuhkexkio xi jhgkokuxc~/

Uvcekakejmm{- ko ~cmjxkio xi xbc ~clsmjxkio ia vsnmke sxkmkxkcu- xbc Jex ~czsk~cu xbc Eiggkuukioxi4

Cuxjnmkub v~koekvmcu ai~ j~~kqkol jx xbc ~jxcu xi nc ebj~lch n{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u Ucx joh giokxi~ xbc gjrkgsg ~jxcu xi nc ebj~lch n{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u Hcxc~gkoc joh giokxi~ xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec jvvmkejnmc xi uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u Ej~~{ isx vc~kihke ~cqkc|u ia xbc ~jxcu joh xbc v~koekvmcu n{ |bkeb xbc{ j~c ucx- ju

|cmm ju xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec usvvmkch n{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u

Bcj~ joh hcxc~gkoc eigvmjkoxu n{ eiousgc~u ~clj~hkol nkmmkolu joh xbc uxjohj~huia uc~qkec usvvmkch n{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u/

Xbc Jex jmui ~czsk~cu xbc Eiggkuukio xi4

@ccv eiggc~ekjm jexkqkxkcu sohc~ ~cqkc| ^ceckqc joh cqjmsjxc eiousgc~ eigvmjkoxu Chsejxc joh juukux eiousgc~u ko ~cuimqkol eigvmjkoxu Koqcuxkljxc |bcxbc~ nsukocuu coxc~v~kucu j~c coljlkol ko joxk'eigvcxkxkqc nsukocuu

v~jexkecu/

Xbc Eiggkuukio gj{- io kxu i|o kokxkjxkqc- i~ svio xbc ~czscux ia jo{ vc~uio- ej~~{ isx jo{koqcuxkljxkio xbjx kx eioukhc~u ocecuuj~{ i~ hcuk~jnmc ko eioocexkio |kxb gjxxc~u sohc~ xbcvs~qkc| ia xbc AXE Jex/

Xbc AXE Jex v~iqkhcu jx Ucexkio :< xbjx xbc Gkokuxc~ gj{- jaxc~ eiousmxjxkio |kxb xbcEbjk~gjo- lkqc xbc Eiggkuukio hk~cexkiou ia j lcoc~jm ojxs~c ko ~cuvcex ia xbc vimke{ xi ncaimmi|ch n{ xbc Eiggkuukio ko crc~ekukol kxu asoexkiou ko ~cuvcex ia sxkmkx{ ~clsmjxkio-eiousgc~ v~ixcexkio gjxxc~u joh ajk~ eigvcxkxkio gjxxc~u- joh xbc Eiggkuukio ubjmmeigvm{ |kxb xbiuc hk~cexkiou/

Joosjm crvcoucu ia xbc Eiggkuukio j~c akojoech n{- koxc~ jmkj- jgisoxu qixch a~igVj~mkjgcox joh usgu mcqkch io xbc uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u/ Bi|cqc~- kx ku jmui v~iqkhch xbjx xbc

gjrkgsg jgisox mcqkch io j uc~qkec v~iqkhc~ ubismh oix crecch ioc vc~ecox ia xbjx uc~qkecv~iqkhc~u l~iuu ujmcu/

J/5 Xbc Cmcex~ke Mklbx joh Vi|c~ JexXbc Cmcex~ke Mklbx joh Vi|c~ Jex "CMVJ+- Ebjvxc~ >


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1N ia xbcMj|u ia Nj~njhiu/

Xbc S^J hcxjkmu xbjx asoexkiou ia xbc Eiggkuukio j~c- ko ~cmjxkio xi uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u- xi4

cuxjnmkub v~koekvmcu ai~ j~~kqkol jx xbc ~jxcu xi nc ebj~lch ucx xbc gjrkgsg ~jxcu xi nc ebj~lch giokxi~ xbc ~jxcu ebj~lch xi cous~c eigvmkjoec hcxc~gkoc xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec jvvmkejnmc giokxi~ xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec usvvmkch xi cous~c eigvmkjoec ej~~{ isx vc~kihke ~cqkc|u ia xbc ~jxcu joh v~koekvmcu ai~ ucxxkol ~jxcu joh

uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec/

Xbc S^J hk~cexu xbc AXE ju xi |bjx ajexi~u ubismh nc eioukhc~ch n{ xbc AXE kocuxjnmkubkol xbc v~koekvmcu ~cac~~ch xi jniqc/ Ko xbjx ~clj~h- xbc AXE ku ~czsk~ch xi eioukhc~4

xbc v~igixkio ia caakekcoe{ io xbc vj~x ia uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u xbjx jo caakekcox uc~qkec v~iqkhc~ nc jnmc xi akojoec kxu asoexkiou n{ cj~okol j

~cjuiojnmc ~cxs~o io ejvkxjm

useb ixbc~ gjxxc~u ju xbc Eiggkuukio gj{ eioukhc~ jvv~iv~kjxc/Xbc S^J as~xbc~ hk~cexu xbc AXE xi v~ixcex xbc koxc~cuxu ia eiousgc~u n{ cous~kol xbjxuc~qkec v~iqkhc~u usvvm{ uc~qkec xbjx ku ujac- jhczsjxc- caakekcox joh ~cjuiojnmc- joh xbjxxbc AXE ubjmm bcj~ joh hcxc~gkoc eigvmjkoxu n{ eiousgc~u ~clj~hkol nkmmkolu joh xbcuxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec usvvmkch/

Ko hcxc~gkokol uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec- xbc Eiggkuukio xbc AXE ku jmui ~czsk~ch xi eioukhc~4

xbc ~jxcu nckol ebj~lch n{ xbc uc~qkec v~iqkhc~ ai~ usvvm{kol j sxkmkx{ uc~qkec0 cous~kol xbjx eiousgc~u j~c v~iqkhch |kxb sokqc~ujm jeecuu xi xbc uc~qkecu

usvvmkch n{ xbc uc~qkec v~iqkhc~

xbc ojxkiojm coqk~iogcoxjm vimke{/Ucexkio < ia xbc AXE Jex v~iqkhcu ai~ xbc jvvikoxgcox ia j Hk~cexi~ ia Sxkmkx{ ^clsmjxkio|bi ubjmm nc xbc ebkca xcebokejm iaakec~ ko ~cuvcex ia sxkmkx{ ~clsmjxkio joh ubjmm vc~ai~g xbcasoexkiou juukloch n{ xbc Ebkca Crcesxkqc Iaakec~ jvvikoxch sohc~ Ucexkio 1 ia xbc AXEJex/

J vjocm ia Eiggkuukioc~u ~cac~~ch xi ko Ucexkio 3 ia xbc AXE Jex ku ~czsk~ch xi ukx xi bcj~joh hcxc~gkoc eigvmjkoxu n{ eiousgc~u ~clj~hkol nkmmkolu joh uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec usvvmkchn{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u- joh jvvmkejxkiou gjhc n{ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u ai~ koe~cjucu ko ~jxcu/ Jhcekukio ia xbc vjocm ku ju qjmkh joh nkohkol ju ka kx bjh ncco gjhc n{ xbc Eiggkuukio/


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Jvvcohkr N4 @c{ Coxkxkcu ko Nj~njhiu |kxb^cuviouknkmkx{ ko xbc Coc~l{ Ucexi~

Xbc Liqc~ogcox joh xbc v~kqjxc ucexi~ j~c koqimqch ko xbc usvvm{ joh hkux~knsxkio ia coc~l{ko Nj~njhiu/ Cmcex~kekx{ v~ihsexkio- x~jougkuukio joh hkux~knsxkio j~c bjohmch coxk~cm{ n{NM!V- j v~kqjxc ak~g- joh xbc~c ku j gkr ia uxjxc'i|och'coxc~v~kucu joh v~kqjxc eigvjokcukoqimqch ko vcx~imcsg v~ihsexkio- usvvm{ joh hkux~knsxkio/ Xbc `c{ coxkxkcu koqimqch ko xbcucexi~ j~c4

Xbc Gkokux~{ ia Akojoec- Koqcuxgcox- Xcmceiggsokejxkiou- joh Coc~l{ "GAKC+ Xbc Ajk~ X~jhkol Eiggkuukio "AXE+ Xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch "NM!V+ Xbc Nj~njhiu Ojxkiojm Ikm Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch "NOIEM+ Xbc Ojxkiojm Vcx~imcsg Ei~vi~jxkio "OVE+ Xbc Nj~njhiu Ojxkiojm Xc~gkojm Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch "NOXEM+/

Xbc GAKC joh xbc AXE j~c ~cuviouknmc ai~ xbc ~clsmjxkio ia xbc coc~l{ ucexi~ joh xbchcqcmivgcox ia vimke{/ Ixbc~ coxkxkcu mkuxch j~c ~cuviouknmc ai~ xbc hcmkqc~{ ia coc~l{usvvmkcu joh uc~qkecu/ Kohkqkhsjm ~imcu ia xbcuc kouxkxsxkiou j~c hkuesuuch ko xbc aimmi|kolucexkiou/

N/: Xbc Gkokux~{ ia Akojoec- Koqcuxgcox- Xcmceiggsokejxkiou- johCoc~l{

Xbc Coc~l{ Hkqkukio |kxbko GAKC bju xbc ~cuviouknkmkx{ ai~ giokxi~kol joh ~clsmjxkolcoc~l{ usvvm{ n{ koxc~jexkol emiucm{ |kxb jmm ia xbc kouxkxsxkiou koqimqch ko xbc coc~l{ ucexi~/Ko vj~xkesmj~- xbc Coc~l{ Hkqkukio ku ~cuviouknmc ai~ hcqcmivkol vimke{ joh jhgkokuxc~kol

useb vimkekcu |kxb ~cuvcex xi xbc ucexi~u vj~xkekvjoxu/ Uigc ia xbc Coc~l{ Hkqkukiou uvcekake~cuviouknkmkxkcu koemshc4

Kuuskol mkecoucu joh mcjucu ai~ jmm ikm crvmi~jxkio joh v~ihsexkio Jhqkukol io vcx~imcsg v~ihsex v~kecu V~igixkol xbc suc ia ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ xceboimilkcu V~igixkol xbc caacexkqc suc ia coc~l{/

N~ijhm{- coc~l{ vimke{ ko Nj~njhiu iqc~ xbc vjux ac| {cj~u bju jkgch jx cous~kol xbc uces~kx{ia coc~l{ usvvm{- joh gj`kol xbc as~xbc~ hcqcmivgcox ia xbcuc usvvmkcu usuxjkojnmc/

N/> Xbc Ajk~ X~jhkol EiggkuukioXbc Ajk~ X~jhkol Eiggkuukio "AXE+ |ju cuxjnmkubch ko Djosj~{ >66: sohc~ xbc Ajk~ X~jhkolEiggkuukio Jex/ Xbc AXE cqimqch a~ig kxu v~chcecuui~- xbc Vsnmke Sxkmkxkcu Nij~h- |bkeb|ju ~cuviouknmc ai~ ~clsmjxkol vsnmke sxkmkxkcu "useb ju cmcex~kekx{ joh xcmcvbioc uc~qkecu+ a~ig:;33 soxkm >66:/ Xbc as~xbc~ hcqcmivgcox ia Nj~njhiu uj| xbc occh ai~ j oc| nih{ |kxb jn~ijhc~ gjohjxc xi hcjm |kxb ixbc~ j~cju xbjx bjh nceigc kgvi~xjox useb ju ajk~eigvcxkxkio joh eiousgc~ ~klbxu/ Xbc AXE ku ~cuviouknmc ai~ sxkmkx{ ~clsmjxkio- cous~kol ajk~eigvcxkxkio joh cous~kol eiousgc~ v~ixcexkio/


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Xbc hsxkcu ia xbc AXE j~c xi4

Hcxc~gkoc xbc v~koekvmcu- ~jxcu joh uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec ai~ ~clsmjxch uc~qkecv~iqkhc~u

Giokxi~ xbc lcoc~jm nsukocuu eiohsex ia ak~gu Koqcuxkljxc viuuknmc n~cjebcu ia xbc Jexu jhgkokuxc~ch n{ xbc AXE Chsejxc joh koai~g nsukocuucu joh eiousgc~u jnisx xbc ~czsk~cgcoxu ia xbcuc

Jexu

Xj`c coai~ecgcox jexkio |bco occhch/Xbc AXE ku j ucvj~jxc coxkx{ |kxb jsxioig{ a~ig xbc Gkokux~{ ia X~jhc- Kohsux~{ johEiggc~ecxi |bkeb kx ~cvi~xu jhgkokux~jxkqcm{/ Xbc Sxkmkx{ ^clsmjxkio Hkqkukio ia xbc AXE~clsmjxcu x|i sxkmkx{ eigvjokcu4 Ejnmc ! \k~cmcuu "Nj~njhiu+ Mxh/ joh Xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx !Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ Mxh/ Xbku Hkqkukio iqc~uccu ~jxcu joh uc~qkec uxjohj~hu- joh koqcuxkljxcuzsc~kcu joh eigvmjkoxu/

Ko ucxxkol ~jxcu ai~ uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u- xbc AXE ku ~czsk~ch xi nc ajk~ joh ~cjuiojnmc/ Kojeei~hjoec |kxb xbc v~koekvmcu cuxjnmkubch sohc~ xbc AXE Jex i~ ucx isx ko ~smcu- i~hc~u i~~clsmjxkiou- ko ucxxkol ~jxcu xbc AXE ubjmm xj`c koxi jeeisox4

Xbc ~jxcu nckol ebj~lch n{ eigvcxkol uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u ai~ usvvm{kol j ukgkmj~sxkmkx{ uc~qkec

Xbc uxjohj~hu ia uc~qkec nckol iaac~ch n{ xbc uc~qkec v~iqkhc~ joh n{ eigvcxkoluc~qkec v~iqkhc~u

Xbc ~cxs~o io xbc ~jxc njuc Xbc ~jxc ia koamjxkio ko xbc ceioig{ ai~ jo{ v~cechkol vc~kih ju gj{ nc

eioukhc~ch jvv~iv~kjxc

Xbc v~iuvcexkqc koe~cjucu ko v~ihsexkqkx{ n{ xbc uc~qkec v~iqkhc~/Xbc hcekukiou ia xbc AXE j~c usndcex xi dshkekjm ~cqkc| io vikoxu ia mj|/

Xbc AXE inxjkou nshlcxj~{ usvvi~x a~ig Liqc~ogcox nshlcx- joh a~ig xjrcu |bkeb j~cmcqkch io xbc coxkxkcu ~clsmjxch n{ xbc Eiggkuukio/

J ~cecox \i~mh Njo` uxsh{ ia ~clsmjxi~{ jsxbi~kxkcu ~jo`ch xbc AXE jgiol xbc xiv l~isvhsc xi kxu gcebjokugu joh v~iechs~cu ai~ lsj~joxcckol kxu jsxioigisu jhgkokux~jxkio/:

Xbc Eiggkuukio hicu oix kxucma bjqc xbc vi|c~ xi kgviuc akocu joh vcojmxkcu io xbc uc~qkecv~iqkhc~u |bi j~c ko n~cjeb ia xbc S^J/ Kouxcjh- sohc~ Ucexkio 5: ia xbc AXE Jex- xbcEiggkuukio bju xbc vi|c~ xi kouxkxsxc v~iecchkolu ko xbc Bklb Eis~x xi bjqc xbc gjxxc~

hcxc~gkoch/Uc~qkec v~iqkhc~u |bi ajkm xi eigvm{ |kxb jo i~hc~ ia xbc Eiggkuukio j~c mkjnmc- svioeioqkexkio ko j eis~x- xi j akoc ia NN(:66-666 joh- ko xbc ejuc ia j eioxkoskol iaacoec-NN(:6-666 ai~ cjeb hj{ xbjx xbc iaacoec eioxkoscu/ Cqc~{ hk~cexi~ joh iaakec~ ia xbc uc~qkecv~iqkhc~ ku jmui usndcex xi v~iucesxkio sohc~ xbc AXE Jex ai~ oio'eigvmkjoec |kxb joh

: M/ Joh~cu- D/M/ Lsjueb- G/ Hkiv- U/ Mivct Jtsgcohk- Juucuukol xbc Liqc~ojoec ia Cmcex~kekx{ ^clsmjxi~{ Jlcoekcu ko xbc MjxkoJgc~kejo joh Ej~knncjo ^clkio4 J Ncoebgj~`kol Jojm{uku/ \i~mh Njo`- Oiqcgnc~ >66


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i~hc~ ia xbc Eiggkuukio- joh svio eioqkexkio ko j eis~x ku jmui usndcex xi j akoc iaNN(36-666 i~ kgv~kuiogcox ai~ 1 gioxbu i~ xi nixb vcojmxkcu- somcuu xbc hk~cexi~ i~ iaakec~ejo v~iqc xbjx jmm ocecuuj~{ gcjou |c~c xj`co xi cous~c eigvmkjoec |kxb xbc i~hc~/

Akocu gj{ jmui nc kgviuch ko xbc eis~xu ai~ xbc |kmmasm ajkms~c ia j uc~qkec v~iqkhc~ i~ kxuhk~cexi~u i~ iaakec~u xi v~iqkhc koai~gjxkio ko j gjooc~ hk~cexch n{ xbc Eiggkuukio i~

|kxbko xbc xkgc ~czscuxch n{ xbc Eiggkuukio/Xbc Eiggkuukio gj{- io kxu i|o kokxkjxkqc i~ jx xbc ~czscux ia jo{ vj~x{- ~cqkc| joh qj~{ i~~cuekoh jo{ hcekukio i~ i~hc~ gjhc n{ kx- nsx ka j bcj~kol bjh ncco ~czsk~ch sohc~ xbc Jex xij~~kqc jx kxu hcekukio- j bcj~kol gsux jmui nc bcmh xi ajekmkxjxc xbc jmxc~kol- usuvcoukio i~~cqiejxkio ia xbc hcekukio/

Jvvcjmu ia Eiggkuukio hcekukiou i~ ~smkolu io vikoxu ia mj| gj{ nc gjhc xi j Dshlc ia xbcBklb Eis~x/ Xbc Dshlc- jaxc~ bcj~kol zscuxkiou ia mj|- ~cgkxu gjxxc~u xi xbc Eiggkuukio|kxb bku akohkolu joh ivkokio |bkeb xbc Eiggkuukio joh xbc ixbc~ vj~xkcu j~c inmklch xieigvm{ |kxb/

Xbc Eiggkuukio hicu oix bjqc jo{ vi|c~u xi coai~ec kxu i~hc~u joh v~cue~knc vcojmxkcu io

kxu i|o- joh jmm useb vi|c~u j~c hc~kqch xb~islb joh jhgkokuxc~ch xb~islb xbc eis~xu n{ jDshlc ia xbc Bklb Eis~x/

N/5 Xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{Xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch "NM!V+ ku j qc~xkejmm{ koxcl~jxch cmcex~kesxkmkx{ eigvjo{ ~cuviouknmc ai~ xbc lcoc~jxkio- usvvm{ joh hkux~knsxkio ia cmcex~kekx{/ Kxuv~chcecuui~- xbc Nj~njhiu Cmcex~ke Usvvm{ Ei~vi~jxkio "NCUE+- |ju cuxjnmkubch ko :;6;-aimmi|kol xbc vjuujlc ia xbc Cmcex~ke Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Jex n{ xbc Nj~njhiu Bisuc iaJuucgnm{ ko :2;; joh kxu eigkol koxi caacex ko :;6 Gj{ :;25/ Xbc eigvjo{ emjkgu xbjx kxu


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njuke cmcex~kekx{ ~jxcu j~c oix usaakekcox xi jmmi| kx xi gccx kxu ivc~jxkol joh gjkoxcojoeccrvcoucu |bkeb bjqc ncco koe~cjukol iqc~ xbc {cj~u- ju |cmm ju xi jmmi| kx xi jxx~jex oc|ejvkxjm xi ~cvmjec imh vmjox |bkeb ku oi| hsc ai~ ~cxk~cgcox/ Xbc ~clsmjxi~{ a~jgc|i~`sohc~ |bkeb NM!V ivc~jxcu jmmi|u xbc eigvjo{ xi cj~o j ~jxc ia ~cxs~o n{ cuxjnmkubkol j~cqcosc ~czsk~cgcox xbjx ku njuch io kxu ~cjuiojnmc eiux ia uc~qkec/

Ko kxu jvvmkejxkio ai~ j ~jxc ~cqkc|- NM!V v~iviuch xbc kox~ihsexkio ia j oc| Xkgc'ia'Suc"XIS+ xj~kaa- joh Koxc~~svxknmc Uc~qkec ^khc~ "KU^+- joh j ^coc|jnmc Coc~l{ ^khc~ "^C^+ai~ ugjmm l~kh'eioocexch ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ u{uxcgu/ NM!V bju jmui v~iviuch xbjx xbc XISxj~kaa joh xbc x|i ~khc~u ubismh nc kgvmcgcoxch io j vkmix njuku ai~ j vc~kih ia 5 {cj~uncai~c hcekhkol |bcxbc~ xbiuc uebcgcu ubismh nc kgvmcgcoxch vc~gjocoxm{/ Jeei~hkol xixbc jvvmkejxkio- xbc vkmix xj~kaau |ismh nc kgvmcgcoxch io j ~cucj~eb njuku xi ljxbc~koai~gjxkio xi ucc bi| ncux xi asmm{ kgvmcgcox xbc uebcgcu/ Xbku jvv~ijeb uccgujeecvxjnmc xi xbc AXE- joh NM!V bju oix koemshch jo{ crvcoucu i~ ~cqcoscu ~cmjxkol xixbcuc vkmix v~il~jgu ko xbc usngkuukiou ai~ j ~cqkc| ia kxu ~jxcu/

Io >3 Acn~sj~{ >6:6 "aimmi|kol j hcekukio ko Djosj~{ >6:6+- xbc AXE vsnmkubch jo i~hc~ > koxbc Jvvmkejxkio ai~ j ^cqkc| ko Cmcex~kekx{ ^jxcu 5 usngkxxch n{ NM!V io 1 Gj{ >66;/ Xbc

AXE mj~lcm{ jmmi|ch xbc koe~cjucu NM!V ~czscuxch/ Jqc~jlc nkmmu |kmm koe~cjuc n{ j~isoh 3vc~ecox "lkqco j eiouxjox ascm v~kec+/ Xbc vkmix ~jxcu "XIS- KU^- ^C^+ |c~c jvv~iqch ai~jvvmkejxkio uxj~xkol : Dsm{ >6:6- ai~ j vc~kih ia x|i {cj~u/

NM!Vu kokxkjxkqcu ai~ ^C joh CC

Ai~ ucqc~jm {cj~u- NM!V bju ncco jxxcgvxkol xi |koh coc~l{ koxi xbc cmcex~kekx{ gkr/ Ju iaOiqcgnc~ >66;- NM!V ku j|jkxkol j hcekukio io kxu jvvmkejxkio xi xbc Xi|o ! Eisox~{Hcqcmivgcox Vmjookol Iaakec xi eioux~sex j :6G\ |koh aj~g jx Mjgnc~xu- ko xbc vj~kub iaUjkox Mse{/ Xbc eigvjo{ bju eigvmcxch j eigv~cbcoukqc Coqk~iogcoxjm KgvjexJuucuugcox io xbc v~idcex/ Xbc Mjgnc~xu ukxc bju miol ncco khcoxkakch ju j v~cac~~chmiejxkio ai~ |koh coc~l{ hcqcmivgcox- joh ku koemshch ko xbc Ojxkiojm Vb{ukejm

Hcqcmivgcox Vmjo ai~ xbku `koh ia |koh coc~l{ hcqcmivgcox/ NM!V bju uxjxch kxu koxcoxkioxi eioxkosc xi vs~usc xbku joh ixbc~ |koh coc~l{ ivvi~xsokxkcu/ Ju ia Dsoc >6:6- xbc Xi|ojoh Eisox~{ Hcqcmivgcox Vmjookol Iaakec ia Nj~njhiu ku crvcexch xi lkqc hcqcmivgcoxjvv~iqjm xi xbc v~idcex/

NM!V ku jmui v~cvj~kol ai~ xbc koxc~eioocexkio ia ugjmm- esuxigc~'i|och ^C u{uxcgu "uimj~vbixiqimxjke joh |koh u{uxcgu+- |bkeb |ismh nc usndcex xi j ^coc|jnmc Coc~l{ ^khc~/Xbcuc ^C sokxu- lcoc~jmm{ mcuu xbjo 3 `kmi|jxxu ko uktc- j~c hcukloch xi eioocex hk~cexm{ xi jesuxigc~u cmcex~kejm vjocm joh iaaucx xbc jgisox ia coc~l{ ~czsk~ch a~ig xbc l~kh- |kxb jo{crecuu acchkol nje` koxi xbc l~kh/ Kx ku joxkekvjxch xbjx xbc ocecuuj~{ xcebokejm joh ~clsmjxi~{a~jgc|i~` ai~ xbc koxc~eioocexkio ia xbku ugjmm ^C u{uxcgu |ismh nc ko vmjec uigcxkgc ko>6:6/ Kx ku soemcj~ |bcxbc~ xbc ^C^eioukhc~kol xbc v~kec xbjx NM!V v~iviucu xi vj{ ai~

xbc coc~l{ a~ig xbc ^C u{uxcgu joh kxu mkgkxch hs~jxkio|kmm nc usaakekcox xi cous~c xbcqkjnkmkx{ ia ugjmm l~kh'eioocexch ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ u{uxcgu/

> Ajk~ X~jhkol Eiggkuukio- I~hc~ Oi/ 66>)6;- Ko xbc gjxxc~ ia xbc Jvvmkejxkio n{ xbc Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{Mkgkxch ai~ j ^jxc ^cqkc|- vsnmkubch >3 Acn~sj~{ >6:6 "hjxch :< Acn~sj~{ >6:6+/bxxv4))|||/axe/liq/nn)mkn~j~{)nmkvYjvv)>6:6'6>':66;YaxeYjohYnj~njhiuYmklbxYjohYvi|c~YeiYmxh/vha- jeecuuch :< Acn~sj~{ >6:6/

5 Nj~njhiu Mklbx ! Vi|c~ Eigvjo{ Mkgkxch-Jvvmkejxkio ai~ j cqkc| ko Cmcex~kekx{ jxcu- 1 Gj{ >66;/


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Xbc eigvjo{ eioxkoscu xi v~igixc coc~l{ caakekcoe{ jgiol kxu esuxigc~uju xbcv~iviuch Xkgc ia Suc joh xj~kaa joh Koxc~~svxknmc Uc~qkec ^khc~ ubi|joh jmui ux~kqcu xinc caakekcox ko kxu i|o ivc~jxkiou/ Xcebokejm miuucu j~kukol a~ig xbc x~jougkuukio johhkux~knsxkio ia cmcex~kekx{ |c~c 1/5 vc~ecox ai~ >662xbc{ j~c jgiol xbc mi|cux ko xbc~clkio- joh eigvj~jnmc xi xbc mcqcmu ia sxkmkxkcu ko Cs~ivc joh Oi~xb Jgc~kej/

Akojmm{- NM!V bju hkuesuuch |kxb xbc Liqc~ogcox xbc ncocakxu juuiekjxch |kxb j v~iviujm xikgvi~x ojxs~jm lju joh- xilcxbc~ |kxb xbc v~idcexu v~iviocoxu- vc~ucqc~cu ko kxu caai~xu xin~kol xbc v~idcex xi a~skxkio/ Kgvi~xkol ojxs~jm lju a~ig X~kokhjh ! Xinjli qkj jo sohc~ucjvkvcmkoc jmui iaac~u j gcjou n{ |bkeb Nj~njhiu ejo uces~c j emcjo uis~ec ia ascm- joh hi uiio xc~gu xbjx v~iqkhc v~kec uxjnkmkx{ iqc~ xbc miolc~ xc~g/

N/8 Xbc Ojxkiojm Vcx~imcsg Ei~vi~jxkioXbc Ojxkiojm Vcx~imcsg Ei~vi~jxkio "OVE+ ku j vsnmke ei~vi~jxkio cuxjnmkubch ju useecuui~xi xbc Ojxs~jm Lju Ei~vi~jxkio n{ xbc Ojxkiojm Vcx~imcsg Ei~vi~jxkio Jex- Ejv >26/ XbjxJex ejgc koxi caacex io Jv~km : :;2:/ Xbc Ei~vi~jxkiou v~kgj~{ asoexkio ku xbc ujmc iavkvch ojxs~jm lju ai~ higcuxke- eiggc~ekjm- joh kohsux~kjm suc/ Kxu gkuukio ku xi v~iqkhc jo

jhczsjxc- ~cmkjnmc- ujac- joh caakekcox lju uc~qkec xi esuxigc~u jx j ~cjuiojnmc eiux/Xbc Ei~vi~jxkiou lcoc~jm asoexkiou ia v~ihsexkio ia e~shc ikm- ojxs~jm lju joh mkzscakchvcx~imcsg lju j~c ej~~kch isx n{ jo juuiekjxch eigvjo{- xbc Nj~njhiu Ojxkiojm IkmEigvjo{ Mkgkxch "NOIEM+/ Ukoec Djosj~{ >8 :;;1- xbc Ei~vi~jxkio bimhu >8/3 vc~ecox iaxbc czskx{ ko NOIEM- |bkmc xbc Liqc~ogcox bimhu 663oi|NOXEM ku iom{ ~cuviouknmc ai~ uxi~jlc ia v~ihsexu/ Xbc oc| j~~jolcgcoxu gcjo xbjxNOXEM oi| ivc~jxcu iom{ ju j xc~gkojm ajekmkx{- ebj~lkol j xb~islbvsx acc ai~ v~ihsexgiqch xb~islb kxu ajekmkxkcu/


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NOXEM |kmm giqc xbc ascm ikm v~ihsex xb~islb xbc CUUI Bimni~o xc~gkojm |bkeb kx kumcjukol- joh j oc|m{ kouxjmmch vkvcmkoc/ NOXEM bju jmui nskmx j vkvcmkoc ncx|cco kxu Ajk~{Qjmmc{ Xc~gkojm joh NM!Vu lcoc~jxkio ajekmkx{ jx xbc Ucj|cmm lcoc~jxkio uxjxkio/ Xbc oc|vkvcmkoc ncejgc ivc~jxkiojm cj~m{ ko >661/


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Jvvcohkr E4 Vixcoxkjm ^coc|jnmc Coc~l{ XceboimilkcuKo xbku Jvvcohkr |c hcue~knc ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ "^C+ xceboimilkcu xbjx eismh eiox~knsxc xicrvjohkol xbc suc ia ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ ko Nj~njhiu/ Ak~ux |c hcue~knc uimj~ xceboimilkcuuimj~ vbixiqimxjkeuimj~ xbc~gjm- joh b{n~kh vbixiqimxjke)xbc~gjm/ \c xbco xs~o xi |koh-

nkigjuu eilcoc~jxkio- |juxc xi coc~l{ "Jvvcohkr H v~iqkhcu j gi~c hcxjkmch juucuugcox iaxbc qkjnkmkx{ ia |juxc xi coc~l{ xceboimilkcu ko Nj~njhiu- joh xbck~ coqk~iogcoxjm kgvjex+/Akojmm{- |c hcue~knc ucj|jxc~ jk~ eiohkxkiokol "|c hkuesuu x|i ixbc~ v~igkukol iecjoxceboimilkcuIecjo Xbc~gjm Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio- joh Iecjo \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio|bkeb bi|cqc~ j~c oix {cx v~iqco eiggc~ekjmm{- ko Jvvcohkecu C joh A- ~cuvcexkqcm{+/

Ai~ cjeb ^C xceboimil{- |c v~iqkhc j xjnmc xbjx usggj~ktcu kxu `c{ acjxs~cu- cuxkgjxchcoc~l{ v~ihsexkio- joh eiux xi lcoc~jxc xbc coc~l{/ Bc~c |c hcue~knc xbc `c{ kxcgueioxjkoch ko xbc xjnmcu4

@c{ acjxs~cu joh cuxkgjxch ujqkolu ia ^C Xceboimilkcu

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Xbc uejmc ko |bkeb xbc ^C xceboimil{ ejo nc kgvmcgcoxch ko

Nj~njhiuUgjmm- Eiggc~ekjm joh Sxkmkx{

X{vkejm Kouxjmmch ejvjekx{ "ko@kmi|jxxu+

Coc~l{ Lcoc~jxkio Ejvjekx{

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ Xbc ~jxki ia ~jxch isxvsx iqc~ joosjm jqc~jlc isxvsx

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ Eiux ia vs~ebjukol joh kouxjmmkol xbc xceboimil{

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ Joosjm eiuxu ia ivc~jxkol joh gjkoxjkokol xbc xceboimil{

Mkacxkgc "ko {cj~u+ ^C Xceboimilkcu mkacxkgc

Isxvsx vc~ `\ ejvjekx{ vc~ {cj~

"ko `\b)`\+

Sokx isxvsx vc~ `\ kouxjmmch

Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ Ocx {cj~m{ coc~l{ lcoc~jxkio

Miol ^so Gj~lkojm Eiux"SU()`\b+

Eignkoch ejvkxjm joh ivc~jxkiou eiuxu vc~ `\b lcoc~jxch

E/: Uimj~ VbixiqimxjkeUimj~ coc~l{ ku ajk~m{ eioukuxcoxm{ jqjkmjnmc xb~islbisx xbc {cj~ ko Nj~njhiu/ Bi|cqc~- kx |kmmqj~{ |kxb xbc i~kcoxjxkio- ubjhkol- joh x~je`kol u{uxcg cgvmi{ch/ Xjnmc E': zsjoxkakcu xbc~jhkjxkio jqjkmjnmc sohc~ qj~kisu i~kcoxjxkiou joh x~je`kol gcxbihu/

\c crjgkoch xbc aimmi|kol uimj~ vbixiqimxjke "VQ+ xceboimilkcu joh gisoxkolu4 Xbko Akmg Gioi)Vim{ E~{uxjmmkoc Ukmkeio "e'Uk+ X~je`kol- Ukolmc joh Hisnmc Jrku Mi| Eioecox~jxkio VQ Bklb Eioecox~jxkio VQ


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Cjeb ia xbcuc xceboimilkcu joh gisoxkol u{uxcgu bju jhqjoxjlcu joh hkujhqjoxjlcu/ Xbcacjxs~cu joh ncocakxu ia cjeb j~c usggj~ktch ncmi|/

Xjnmc E':4 Uimj~ ^jhkjxkio ai~ VQ u{uxcgu

`\b)g>){cj~

Akrch Us~ajec- :5 hcl- Xixjm "Lminjm+ ^jhkjxkio :) :-;82Ukolmc Jrku X~je`kol- :5 hcl- Xixjm "Lminjm+ ^jhkjxkio >-8:1

Hisnmc jrku x~je`kol- Ncjg "Hk~cex+ ^jhkjxkio :-3:2

Oixc4 $:) Xbc jojm{uku |ju vc~ai~gch sukol bis~m{ XG[> hjxj a~ig Bsunjohu- Nj~njhiu jx eii~hkojxcu O :561 \ 3; 51 8>/ Kx ku ~cjuiojnmc xi juusgc xbjx ~jhkjxkio hjxj |kmm nc eioukuxcox je~iuu xbc kumjoh iaNj~njhiu/ Xbc joosjmktjxkio joh x~je`kol ukgsmjxkio |ju vc~ai~gch sukol X^OU[U j x~joukcoxukgsmjxkio jojm{uku xiim uvcekakejmm{ hcukloch ai~ jojm{uku ia uimj~ jvvmkejxkiou/ Kx ubismh nc oixch bc~cxbjx gioi'e~{uxjmmkoc ecmmu j~c oix ju caakekcox jx eioqc~xkol hkaasuc ~jhkjxkio0 lminjm ~jhkjxkio akls~cuj~c juusgch ai~ ukgvmkekx{ gj`kol xbc BEVQ vc~ai~gjoec ~jxkiu eiouc~qjxkqc/

Xbko AkmgJ qj~kcx{ ia usnuxjoecu j~c such xi lcoc~jxc ui'ejmmch xbko akmg VQ ecmmu koemshkoljgi~vbisu ukmkeio "j'Uk+- ejhgksg xcmms~khc "EhXc+- joh eivvc~ kohksg ljmmksg ucmcokhc"EKLU+/ X{vkejm vjocm caakekcoekcu ai~ xbku xceboimil{ ~jolc a~ig < vc~ecox xi :6 vc~ecox/Xbcuc caakekcoekcu j~c oix qc~{ eigvcxkxkqc |kxb eioqcoxkiojm gioi'e~{uxjmmkoc xceboimilkcu-nsx xbc eiux xi v~ihsec xbcuc ecmmu ku gseb mi|c~/

^cucj~eb ku iolikol ai~ xbcuc xceboimilkcu joh ubi|u eioxkosch v~igkuc xi ~chsec eiuxu/ Kxsucu gseb mcuu ~cakoch ukmkeio vc~ vjocm- gj`kol xbcg gi~c jaai~hjnmc- joh ku eioukhc~chgi~c ~insux xbjo ixbc~ x{vcu mkuxch ncmi|/ Hcuvkxc bjqkol j mi|c~ caakekcoe{ joh kobc~coxm{xj`kol sv gi~c gisoxkol uvjec- kx ku mcuu jaacexch n{ vj~xkjm ubjhkol joh gisoxkol jolmc/Xbku jmmi|u ~iia uvjec sojqjkmjnmc xi ixbc~ xceboimilkcu xi nc gi~c asmm{ sxkmktch/ Xbku ku

as~xbc~ cobjoech |bco |k~ch ko j gjuukqcm{ vj~jmmcm j~~j{ joh gjxch |kxb jo jvv~iv~kjxcvi|c~ koqc~xc~/ Kouxjmmch eiux gj{ nc gihcuxm{ bklbc~ hsc xi jo koe~cjuch osgnc~ ia vjocmunsx joosjm coc~l{ isxvsx bju ncco v~iqkol xi nc :6'>6 vc~ecox bklbc~ xbjo e~{uxjmmkoc vjocmuhsc xi ncxxc~ xbc~gjm miuu eicaakekcoxu joh ncxxc~ koekhcox jolmc gihkakc~u/ Ugjmm vjocmu bjqcncco ai~gch koxi ubkolmcu joh- |kxb gkokgjm x~jkokol- bjqc ncco kouxjmmch n{ ~iiac~u koxi jnskmhkol'koxcl~jxch vbixiqimxjke "NKVQ+ ~iia/ \bcxbc~ ai~ j gi~c sokakch- koxcl~jxchjvvcj~joec i~ j umklbxm{ bklbc~ joosjm ~cxs~o- xbko akmg xceboimilkcu mk`c j'Uk bjqc gjo{jhqjoxjlcu ncukhcu mi| eiux/

VQ Xbko Akmg- Akrch

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Ugjmm Eiggc~ekjm


>/6 36/6

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ >6# >6#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ :6-666 >66-666

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ :>6 >-:66


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Gioi)Vim{ E~{uxjmmkoc Ukmkeio "e'Uk+

Gioi' joh Vim{'e~{uxjmmkoc vjocmu "ukolmc i~ gsmxkvmc |jac~ ucexkiou ia ukmkeio- ~cuvcexkqcm{+bjqc miol bcmh xbc xkxmc ia bklbcux vi|c~ isxvsx vc~ j lkqco j~cj "|kxb :3 xi >6 vc~ecoxcaakekcoe{+- |kxb eiggc~ekjm gioi'e~{uxjmmkoc vjocmu mcjhkol xbc |j{/ Jmxbislb xbku bcmvu|kxb mi|c~kol xbc j~cj ia vjocmu occhch- vj~xkjmm{ ubjhch- iaa'jolmc i~ bjt{ usomklbx xcohu xigi~c ~jvkhm{ hkgkokub xbcuc vjocmu isxvsx/ J oc| lcoc~jxkio ia vjocmu bju ncco jooisoechxbjx gc~lcu xbc ncocakxu ia nixb j'Uk joh e'Uk xi jebkcqc caakekcoekcu ju bklb ju >5 vc~ecox/

Xbcuc vjocmu gj{ nc eioukhc~ch |bc~c uvjec ku jo kuusc i~ xbc~c j~c gjo{ emish'a~cc hj{u/VQ Bklb Caakekcoe{ Akrch



5/6 36/6

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ :;# :;#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ :2-666 >36-666

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ :26 >-:66

Mkacxkgc "ko {cj~u+ >6 >6

Isxvsx vc~ `\ ejvjekx{ vc~ {cj~"ko `\b)`\+

:-1>8 :-1>8

Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ 8-2 2:->66


6/51 6/>;

X~je`kol- Ukolmc joh Hisnmc Jrku

Jo{ x{vc ia VQ vjocm |kmm koe~cjuc kxu isxvsx ka kx ku jnmc xi aimmi|- i~ x~je`- xbc uso je~iuuxbc u`{/ Ju kx ku gi~c jaacexch n{ iaa'jolmc)hkaasuc mklbx- gioi e'Uk ku vc~bjvu ncux uskxch xinc gisoxch ko xbku |j{/ Njuch io j x{vkejm gcxci~imilkejm {cj~ ko Nj~njhiu- ukolmc'jrkux~je`kol |kmm lkqc jnisx j >> vc~ecox koe~cjuc ko lminjm ~jhkjxkio eigvj~ch xi j akrchgisoxkol u{uxcg/ Sukol j hsjm jrku u{uxcg hcmkqc~u j >1 vc~ecox koe~cjuc ko lminjm ~jhkjxkio/Ai~ xceboimilkcu xbjx sxkmktc iom{ xbc ncjg ~jhkjxkio "ai~ crjgvmc- j Bklb Eioecox~jxkioVQ+- x~je`kol u{uxcgu j~c gjohjxi~{/ Ukolmc jrku x~je`kol {kcmhu j 53 vc~ecox koe~cjuc kokoekhcox ncjg ~jhkjxkio- |bkmc hsjm jrku {kcmhu j 86 vc~ecox koe~cjuc iqc~ j akrch u{uxcg/


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X~je`c~ xceboimil{ bju oi| usaakekcoxm{ cqimqch koxi j eiggio- mi| gjkoxcojoec- mi|coc~l{ miuu gcxbih ia mcqc~jlkol koqcuxgcoxu ko VQ/ J ukolmc jrku gioi e'Uk u{uxcg ejonc jo caacexkqc eignkojxkio xi kgv~iqc xbc ceioigke {kcmh a~ig jo j~~j{ "ucc Xjnmc E'>ncmi|+/

Xjnmc E'>Joosjm ^jhkjxkio vc~ ^jhkjxkio X{vc joh X~je`kol Gcxbih

^jhkjxkio X{vc joh X~je`kol Gcxbih Joosjm ^jhkjxkio"`\b)g>+

^jxki ia Kgv~iqcgcox^cmjxkqc xi Njuc "'+

Lminjm Bi~ktioxjm :-;82 Njuc Lminjm

Lminjm Akrch :5 Jolmc :-;>>

Lminjm Hsjm Jrku X~je`kol >-8;: :/>16

Ncjg Akrch :5 Jolmc :-626 Njuc Ncjg

Ncjg Ukolmc Jrku X~je`kol :-833 :/582

Ncjg Hsjm Jrku X~je`kol :-3:2 :/861

Mi| Eioecox~jxkio VQ

Ko i~hc~ xi ~chsec xbc eiux ia j VQ j~~j{- mi| eiux ivxkeu "mcoucu i~ ~camcexi~u+ ejo nccgvmi{ch kouxcjh ia jhhkol gi~c crvcoukqc ukmkeio vjocmu/ Ukoec eioecox~jxkol x|i i~ xb~ccusou |i~xb ia lminjm "hkaasuc joh ncjg+ ~jhkjxkio |kmm koe~cjuc xbc jgisox ia vi|c~ ju|cmm ju bcjx/ Mi| eioecox~jxkio hicu oix v~iaac~ usaakekcox ~chsexkio ko ecmm j~cj xi dsuxka{bklb eiux- bklb caakekcoe{ ecmmu- xbc~cai~c eioqcoxkiojm gjuu v~ihsech ecmmu j~c sxkmktch/Eioqcoxkiojm ecmmu bjqc j bklb xbc~gjm miuu eicaakekcox0 xi v~cqcox gjlokakejxkio ia xbcxbc~gjm miuu- vjuukqc bcjx uko`u j~c iaxco jxxjebch xi xbc nje` ia xbc VQ vjocmu/ \kxbisxxbcuc- vi|c~ isxvsx ljkou |kmm h~iv iaa ju xcgvc~jxs~c ~kucu "gi~c ui ai~ e'Uk xbjo j'Ukvjocmu+/

MEVQ Ukolmc Jrku X~je`kol

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Ugjmm


3/6

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ >>#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ >5-6


:-;


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Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ ;-236


6/>3

Bklb Eioecox~jxkio VQBklb caakekcoe{ ecmmu eiux gjo{ xkgcu gi~c xbjo eioqcoxkiojm ecmm xceboimilkcu/ Xbc~cai~c-xbc suc ia bklb eioecox~jxkio ivxkeu ku ocecuuj~{ xi ~chsec xbc caacexkqc eiux ia xbc ecmmu/Uxjohj~h xcux eiohkxkiou lkqc ~kuc xi xbc hcakokxkio ia .ioc uso. ei~~cuviohkol xi xbck~~jhkjoec joh uvcex~sg ia usomklbx koekhcox io j emcj~ hj{ svio j uso'ajekol 5->36 :-366

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ 866 5-5


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Eigvj~kuio ia VQ Xceboimilkcu

Xbc ak~ux eimsgo ubi|u jo joosjm jqc~jlc lminjm ~jhkjxkio "hkaasuc mklbx joh hk~cex ncjg~jhkjxkio+ ia :-;){cj~+ :-;-8:1 :-3:2

Vjocm Caakekcoe{ "vc~ecox+ :3# :3# 53#

Isxvsx |) Caakekcoe{ "`\b)g>){cj~+ >;< 51> 35:

Kgv~iqcgcox iqc~ njuc "vc~ecox+ Njuc >># > vc~ecox gi~c coc~l{ xbjo xbc akrch j~~j{/ Bi|cqc~- xbcjhqjoxjlc ia xbc Bklb Eioecox~jxkio VQ j~~j{ ku 8< vc~ecox "35:)51>+ bklbc~ xbjo ukolmcjrku x~je`kol joh


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uklokakejox vixcoxkjm xi hcqcmiv uimj~ xbc~gjm ko xbc ~cukhcoxkjm- eiggc~ekjm- joh kohsux~kjmucexi~u/

X{vkejmm{- bix |jxc~ u{uxcgu j~c ejvxs~kol xbc bcjx a~ig xbc uso |kxb j xbc~gjm eimmcexi~kouxjmmch io j ~iia jx j akrch umivc/ Xbc jqc~jlc joosjm caakekcoe{ ia xbku xceboimil{ kuj~isoh 36 vc~ecox nsx |kmm qj~{ jeei~hkol xi xbc hkaac~coec ko xcgvc~jxs~c ia xbc bcjxch

amskh joh xbc jgnkcox xcgvc~jxs~c/ Xbku ku gseb bklbc~ xbjo vbixiqimxjke caakekcoekcu- nsxioc gsux jmui eioukhc~ xbc zsjmkx{ ia xbc coc~l{/ Cmcex~kekx{ ku xbc bklbcux zsjmkx{ coc~l{jqjkmjnmc- |bc~cju xbc~gjm coc~l{ ku xbc mi|cux zsjmkx{/ Xbku ku kohkejxch n{ xbck~ ~cuvcexkqceiggihkx{ eiuxu/ Bi|cqc~- ukoec cmcex~ke |jxc~ bcjxc~u j~c eiggiom{ sxkmktch ko Nj~njhiu-uimj~ higcuxke |jxc~ bcjxkol v~cucoxu jo ivvi~xsokx{ xi ~cvmjec qjmsjnmc cmcex~kejm coc~l{|kxb caakekcox uimj~ xbc~gjm usvvm{/ Xbc emkgjxc ko Nj~njhiu ku zskxc ajqi~jnmc ai~ uimj~xbc~gjm xceboimilkcu joh kocrvcoukqc uimsxkiou |kmm hcmkqc~ j ajk~ hcl~cc ia caakekcoe{/ Uimj~xbc~gjm qcohi~u bjqc ncco emjkgkol xbku ai~ {cj~u ko Nj~njhiu/ J ujgvmc ^cxUe~cco jojm{ukunjuch io eiuxu lkqco n{ Njdjo uimj~ xbc~gjm qcohi~u ku v~iqkhch ko Jvvcohkr Cusnuxjoxkjxkol xbcuc emjkgu/

Xbc~c j~c x|i gjko x{vcu ia uimj~ eimmcexi~u sxkmktch ai~ mi| l~jhc xbc~gjm jvvmkejxkiou4 amjx

vmjxc joh cqjesjxch xsncu/ Nixb xceboimilkcu bjqc v~iu joh eiou joh j~c caacexkqc |bcosuch ai~ xbc ~klbx jvvmkejxkio/

Amjx vmjxc vjocmu j~c xbc giux eiggio x{vc ia uimj~ eimmcexi~u/ Xbcuc j~c |khcm{'such koNj~njhiu/ J amjx vmjxc eimmcexi~ ku jo kousmjxch nir |kxb j lmjtch eiqc~- jo jnui~nc~- joheivvc~ vkvcu/ Xbc uimj~ ~jhkjxkio vjuucu xb~islb xbc lmjtch eiqc~ joh bcjxu xbc jnui~nc~/Xbc ek~esmjxkio |jxc~ ko xbc vkvcu ejvxs~cu xbc xbc~gjm coc~l{/ Xbc |jxc~ ejo giqc n{ojxs~jm eioqcexkio xi jo cmcqjxch xjo` i~ nc jexkqcm{ vsgvch xb~islb xbc eimmcexi~/ Koxc~ecvxcaakekcoe{ ku hcakoch ju xbc caakekcoe{ ia xbc eimmcexi~ |bco xbc jqc~jlc xcgvc~jxs~c ia xbcvjocm ku czsjm xi xbc jgnkcox xcgvc~jxs~c k/c/ xbc~c j~c oi miuucu i~ ljkou a~ig xbccoqk~iogcox/ Xbc koxc~ecvx caakekcoe{ ai~ amjx vmjxc eimmcexi~u gj{ nc ju bklb ju 26 vc~ecoxnsx hce~cjucu ~jvkhm{ |kxb xbc koe~cjuch hkaac~coec ncx|cco xbc xcgvc~jxs~c ia xbc bcjxch

amskh joh xbc jgnkcox xcgvc~jxs~c/

Joixbc~ x{vc ia uimj~ eimmcexi~ sucu cqjesjxch lmjuu xsncu ko i~hc~ xi ~chsec xbc bcjx miuu xixbc us~~isohkolu/ Xbc jnui~nc~ ku miejxch koukhc xbc xsnc joh |kmm nc bcjxch n{ xbc uso~jhkjxkio |bkeb vjuucu xb~islb xbc lmjuu/ Xbc qjessg xsnc l~cjxm{ ~chsecu xbc eiohsexkiojoh eioqcexkio miuucu xi xbc coqk~iogcox/ Xbc gjrkgsg ivc~jxkol xcgvc~jxs~c ia xbcuceimmcexi~u ku iqc~ :66E/ Xbc eimmcexi~ bju gsmxkvmc xsncu ukhc n{ ukhc joh xbc amskh ku bcjxchkoxi xbc bcjhc~ i~ ek~esmjxch xb~islb xbc xsncu/ Xbc koxc~ecvx caakekcoe{ ia jo cqjesjxch xsnceimmcexi~ |kmm nc umklbxm{ mi|c~ xbjo j amjx vmjxc eimmcexi~/ Bi|cqc~- xbc caakekcoe{ ia xbceimmcexi~ |kmm nc mcuu kgvjexch |bco xbc xcgvc~jxs~c hkaac~coec ncx|cco xbc bcjxch amskh johxbc us~~isohkol koe~cjucu- xbc~cai~c gjkoxjkokol j bklbc~ caakekcoe{ cqco |kxb j bklbc~ivc~jxkol xcgvc~jxs~c/ Xbku gj`cu cqjesjxch xsnc eimmcexi~u vj~xkesmj~m{ ncxxc~ uskxch xiv~iqkhkol v~iecuu bcjxkol ko xbc xcgvc~jxs~c ~jolc a~ig 26';6E/

Uimj~ \jxc~ Bcjxc~u



>/6


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Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ :


23/146

>5

Xbc joosjm isxvsx ubi|o jniqc ku njuch io >;6 `\b cmcex~kejm isxvsx joh :635 `\bxbc~gjm isxvsx ai~ j :/6 `\ ~jxch u{uxcg/ Jo czskqjmcox isxvsx VQ u{uxcg "akrch xbko akmg+|ismh eiux (2::/ Jo czskqjmcox isxvsx uimj~ xbc~gjm vjocm |ismh eiux (;6


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>8

gsux nc eiohsexch/ Vixcoxkjm iaa'l~kh i~ esuxigc~ lcoc~jxi~u gj{ cqco suc ucqc~jmjocgigcxc~u gisoxch jx hkaac~cox bcklbxu joh ) i~ miejxkiou xi v~iqkhc gi~c hcxjkmch hjxj/\koh juucuugcoxu j~c lcoc~jmm{ eiohsexch jx xbc ukxc ai~ oi mcuu xbjo ioc asmm {cj~/ Kohcch-\koh Coc~l{ Hcqcmivc~u bjqc bklbm{ uivbkuxkejxch gcxbihu ia gcjus~kol xbc ebj~jexc~kuxkeuia xbc |koh jx xbc v~cekuc miejxkio ia v~iviuch xs~nkocu/

\bkmc |koh uvcch ku xbc giux kgvi~xjox ajexi~ xi eioukhc~ |bco hcxc~gkokol xbc zsjmkx{ ia|koh jx j lkqco ukxc- kx ku oix xbc iom{ ajexi~/ \koh juucuugcoxu jmui eioukhc~4

\koh Uvcch Hkux~knsxkio xbc vjxxc~o ia |koh uvcch ebjolcu iqc~ xkgc/ Xbckhcjm |koh ~cuis~ec bju ~cmjxkqcm{ uxjnmc bklb uvcchu

Hjkm{ joh Ucjuiojm \koh E{emcu hkaac~coecu ko |koh uvcch joh ux~colxb iqc~ xbceis~uc ia j hj{ i~ ncx|cco ucjuiou/ Khcjmm{- |koh zsjmkxkcu ai~ qkjnmc lcoc~jxkio|kmm gjxeb xbiuc xkgcu |bco cmcex~kekx{ ku occh giux "c/l/- hs~kol xbc hj{xkgc-bixxcux hj{u ia xbc {cj~- vcj` sujlc bis~u+

\koh Hk~cexkio \bkmc |koh hk~cexkio ebjolcu- kx ku kgvi~xjox xi `oi| |bkebhk~cexkiou v~iqkhc xbc ncux |kohu ai~ cmcex~kekx{ v~ihsexkio- joh xbc vc~ecoxjlc ia

xkgc xbjx xbc |koh nmi|u a~ig xbjx hk~cexkio \koh Ubcj~ ' \koh ubcj~ ku xbc koe~cjuc ko |koh uvcch jx l~cjxc~ bcklbxu jniqc

l~isoh/ Ncejsuc |koh uvcch qj~kcu |kxb cmcqjxkio- kx ku kgvi~xjox xi juucuu xbc|koh jx xbc bcklbx |bkeb {is crvcex xi kouxjmm xbc bsn ia xbc xs~nkoc kxucma

Jk~ V~cuus~c joh Xcgvc~jxs~c ' Jk~ v~cuus~c joh xcgvc~jxs~c jaacex xbc jgisoxia coc~l{ ko xbc |koh xi j gkoi~ hcl~cc/ ^clkiojm emkgjxc hjxj ku jhczsjxc ai~cuxkgjxkol v~cuus~c joh xcgvc~jxs~c koamscoecu

Inuxjemcu ' \bco |koh ami|u j~isoh nskmhkolu joh ixbc~ ux~sexs~cu ko xbcmjohuejvc- kx umi|u hi|o i~ nceigcu xs~nsmcox/ J |koh xs~nkoc ubismh nc vmjechko j miejxkio |bc~c xbc koamscoec ia inuxjemcu ku gkokgktch

^islbocuu ' Xbc xc~~jko joh x{vc joh hcoukx{ ia qclcxjxkio io xbc mjohuejvce~cjxcu ~islbocuu- eigvj~ch xi j eigvmcxcm{ amjx us~ajec/ Xbku xcrxs~c ia jmjohuejvc- |bcxbc~ e~cjxch n{ ojxs~jm acjxs~cu i~ nskmx ux~sexs~c- koamscoecu xbcncbjqki~ ia xbc |koh nmi|kol je~iuu kx/ \koh xs~nkoc lcoc~jxi~u xcoh xi jojm{tc~islbocuu |kxbko j 56 `kmigcxc~ ~jhksu j~isoh j v~iviuch |koh ukxc/

Xbc esgsmjxkqc |koh ~cuis~ec zsjmkx{ joh crvcexch qkjnkmkx{ ia j |koh lcoc~jxkio u{uxcg jx jvj~xkesmj~ ukxc hcxc~gkocu v~ihsexkqkx{j eignkojxkio ia xbc gjrkgsg vixcoxkjm coc~l{ koxbc |koh "lkqco xbc ebj~jexc~kuxkeu ia xbc ukxc- us~~isohkol j~cj joh |koh+ joh xbc gjebkocvi|c~ isxvsx "ia xbc ebiuco gjebkoc+/

Nj~njhiu Mklbx joh Vi|c~ bju ncco v~il~cuukol j :6G\ |koh aj~g hcqcmivgcox ko xbc

Mjgnc~x j~cj/ Njuch io NM!Vu uxshkcu- xbc |koh ~clkgc ko Nj~njhiu ku zskxc ajqi~jnmc |kxbj 56 vc~ecox ejvjekx{ ajexi~ "x{vkejm ai~ |koh aj~g hcqcmivgcoxu ku j 56 vc~ecox ejvjekx{ajexi~+/ Ai~ gke~i |koh xbc ejvjekx{ ajexi~ ku ~chsech jvv~iv~kjxcm{ hsc xi xbc esx'ko johesx'isx |koh uvcchu x{vkejm ai~ xbc gseb ugjmmc~ nmjhc hkjgcxc~u bcoec xbc >1 vc~ecoxejvjekx{ ajexi~ juusgvxkio/ Jexsjm ejvjekx{ ajexi~ j~c hcvcohcox io xbc ukxc uvcekake |kohuvcch v~iakmc ko eiodsoexkio |kxb xbc xceboimil{ uvcekake vi|c~ es~qc/ Xbc |koh ~cuis~ec-somk`c uimj~- |kmm qj~{ h~jgjxkejmm{ njuch io xbc us~~isohkol xivil~jvb{- inux~sexkiou- joh


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>3

jmxkxshc/ Iaa'ubi~c |koh aj~g ukxcu codi{ oi inux~sexkiou joh |kmm lcoc~jmm{ bjqc bklbc~joosjm jqc~jlc |koh uvcchu joh juuiekjxch ejvjekx{ ajexi~u/

Xbc joosjm jqc~jlc |koh uvcch qj~kcu ko xbc ~jolc ia 1/:'2/5 g)u jx j bsn bcklbx ia 26g8/

Io'Ubi~c ^cuis~ec Jqjkmjnkmkx{

Io'ubi~c sxkmkx{ uejmc |koh ko Nj~njhiu ku mkgkxch n{ jqjkmjnmc miejxkiou |bc~c jvv~iv~kjxcucxnje`u a~ig vc~gjocox ~cukhcoecu ejo nc jebkcqch/ J uklokakejox kuusc |kxb xbc es~~coxvc~gkxxkol v~iecuu ku xbc e~kxc~kj ai~ ucxnje`u/ V~cucoxm{ \i~mh Bcjmxb I~ljoktjxkio hcakocuujac oikuc mkgkxu jx 83 hN/ Xbku ku j eiouc~qjxkqc mkgkx joh ku oix eiohsekqc xi |koh aj~ghcqcmivgcox/ Ixbc~ uxjohj~hu njuc xbc ~czsk~cgcox io jo koe~cgcoxjm mkgkx jniqc jgnkcoxai~ crjgvmc4 jgnkcox oikuc 56 hN/ Xbc njmjoec ncx|cco coqk~iogcoxjm kgvjexu ia cjebxceboimil{ acchkol xbc l~kh ubismh nc ej~casmm{ |cklbch joh xj`co koxi eioukhc~jxkio hs~kolxbc vc~gkxxkol v~iecuu/ Vj~xkesmj~m{ ioc~isu vc~gkxxkol ~czsk~cgcoxu gj{ nc hcnkmkxjxkol xixbc vcocx~jxkio ia oc| qkjnmc ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ xceboimilkcu/

Nc{ioh xbc es~~coxm{ vmjooch NM!V :6 G\ |koh aj~g- xbc~c j~c iom{ 5'8 vixcoxkjm ukxcu ai~jhhkxkiojm io'ubi~c ejvjekx{/ Ia xbcuc- v~cucoxm{ iom{ : ia xbc vixcoxkjm ukxcu ujxkuakcu xbces~~cox ucxnje` e~kxc~kj ai~ oikuc/ Mj~lc~ xs~nkocu ubismh bjqc j ugjmmc~ oikuc aiixv~kox nsxgj{ ~jkuc ixbc~ eioec~ou ~clj~hkol ejxjux~ivbke ajkms~cu/ Jljko vc~gkxxkol nj~~kc~u nckol

~jkuch gj{ oix nc |cmm aisohch ko uxjxkuxkejm ~ku` gkxkljxkio v~iecuucu- nsx ~jxbc~ io vsnmkevc~ecvxkio i~ acj~u/ Mj~lc~ xs~nkocu jmui n~kol milkuxkejm kuuscu |kxb xbc x~jouvi~xjxkio iaxs~nkoc nmjhcu a~ig vi~x xi xbc akojm ukxc/ Njuch io j ~ijh uxsh{ vc~ai~gch n{ NM!V- iom{xbc : G\ xs~nkoc nmjhcu eismh nc x~jouvi~xch lkqco xbc es~~cox ~ijh jeecuu/ Bi|cqc~- kx|ismh nc viuuknmc xi jk~ mkax xbc xs~nkoc nmjhcu xi ukxc ai~ akojm c~cexkio/ Xbku |ismh vc~gkx

8bxxv4))|||/5xkc~/eig)ak~uxmii`)jojm{uku xiim

\koh Coc~l{

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Ugjmm Sxkmkx{ "Io'Ubi~c+ Sxkmkx{ "Iaa'Ubi~c+


:6/6 :6-666/6 36-666

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ >1# 56# 86#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ 33-666 :2-166-666 23-822-666

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ :-:66 5-666 :-2-:->-136 5-368

Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ >>-6-666


6/>1 6/:: 6/:5


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>1

xbc mj~lc~ joh gi~c ceioigkejm |koh xs~nkoc ucmcexkiou ko xbc 5'3 G\ ejvjekx{ xi nckouxjmmch |kxb jvv~iv~kjxc ucxnje`u/

Njuch io xbc es~~cox xs~nkoc ucmcexkio n{ NM!V jx : G\ uktc- joh juusgkol xb~cc ia xbcais~ vixcoxkjm ukxcu j~c cqcoxsjmm{ jvv~iqch- xbc gjrkgsg io'ubi~c ejvjekx{ gklbx ~jolca~ig :>':1 G\/ Ka xbc xcebokejm joh vc~gkxxkol kuuscu juuiekjxch |kxb mj~lc~ xs~nkocu |c~c

iqc~eigc- xbco xbc ioubi~c vixcoxkjm eismh nc ju bklb ju 56'86 G\/ \c ~ceiggcoh xbjxxbc mj~lc~ xs~nkoc ucmcexkio nc ej~casmm{ ~cqkc|ch v~ki~ xi akojm ucmcexkio ia xbc io'ubi~c |kohxs~nkocu/ Ai~ xbc vs~viucu ia xbc v~cucox jojm{uku- |c juusgch xbjx :6 G\ ia io'ubi~cejvjekx{ ku hcqcmivjnmc joh xbjx jo{ ejvjekx{ nc{ioh xbku |ismh nc iaa'ubi~c/

Iaa'ubi~c \koh Coc~l{

Xbc C\CJ "Cs~ivcjo \koh Coc~l{ Juuiekjxkio+ bju xbc miolcux crvc~kcoec |kxb iaa'ubi~c|koh kouxjmmjxkiou/ J ~cecox C\CJ ~cvi~x3 ">66; hjxj+ jhh~cuucu xbc eiux hkaac~coecuncx|cco io'ubi~c joh iaa'ubi~c kouxjmmjxkiou a~ig xbc Cs~ivcjo gj~ cx vc~uvcexkqc/ \ceioqc~xch eiuxu ko Cs~iu xi SU( sukol j :/8 crebjolc ~jxc/ Kx ubismh nc oixch xbjx xbc eiuxuj~c njuch io eioux~sexkio ko Cs~ivc- |bkeb lcoc~jmm{ bju ugjmmc~ ioubi~c v~idcexu xbjo koxbc SU i~ Ejojhj joh gj{ nc gi~c eigvj~jnmc xi eiuxu v~idcexch ai~ Nj~njhiu/

Jvv~irkgjxcm{ G\ xs~nkoc kouxjmmjxkio ku SU(/1< gkmmkio)G\/ I!G eiuxu j~c SU(:/6 v~idcexu bjqc ncco eioux~sexch/ Iaaubi~c |koh ku uxkmm jnisx 36vc~ecox gi~c crvcoukqc xbjx ioubi~c |koh/ Hsc xi xbc ncocakxu ia bklbc~ |koh uvcchu johmi|c~ qkusjm kgvjex ia mj~lc xs~nkocu- xbc bklbc~ koqcuxgcox eiuxu j~c uigc|bjx iaaucx n{koe~cjuch ~cqcoscu a~ig bklbc~ ejvjekx{ ajexi~u/ Ai~ ioubi~c xs~nkocu coc~l{ v~ihsexkio kuoi~gjmm{ j~isoh >-666'>-366 asmm mijh bis~u vc~ {cj~/ N{ eigvj~kuio- iaaubi~c xs~nkocu ejojebkcqc sv xi 8-666 asmm mijh bis~u vc~ {cj~ "hcvcohkol io xbc ukxc+vixcoxkjmm{ x~joumjxkolkoxi 53'36 vc~ecox gi~c v~ihsexkio/

Jo kuusc xbjx gj{ kgvjex Nj~njhiu ku xbc koe~cjuch eiux ia |koh ju kx ljkou vcocx~jxkio koxbc xixjm gj~`cx/ Ko Cs~ivc- xbc mj~lcux vcocx~jxkio ~cei~hch ku n{ Uvjko ko crecuu ia 36vc~ecox lcoc~jxkio n{ ~coc|jnmcu/ Xbc C\CJ ~cvi~x oixcu xbjx jx |koh vcocx~jxkiou ia svxi >6 vc~ecox ia cmcex~kekx{ hcgjoh- u{uxcg ivc~jxkol eiuxu koe~cjuc n{ jnisx 3':6 vc~ecox iaxbc |bimcujmc qjmsc ia |koh/ Xbku jhhkxkiojm eiux iees~u ncejsuc jhhkxkiojm lcoc~jxkioejvjekx{ ku ~czsk~ch xi njmjoec ai~ |koh "j ocecuukx{ ai~ uvkookol ~cuc~qcu ai~ |bco xbc |koh

3 Iecjou ia Ivvi~xsokx{- Cs~ivcjo \koh Coc~l{ Juuiekjxkio- Ucvxcgnc~- >66;


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>6 gcxc~u+ joh emiuc xi ubi~c "oi gi~c xbjo >6 `kmigcxc~u+ ko i~hc~ xi gkokgktcaisohjxkio joh ejnmc eiuxu/ Ai~ hccv |jxc~ iaaubi~c |koh xs~nkocu- aisohjxkiou occh xi ncukgkmj~ xi ikm vmjxai~gu i~ viuuknm{ amijxkol aisohjxkiou/ Amijxkol aisohjxkiou j~c es~~coxm{sohc~ hcqcmivgcox "oi amijxkol aisohjxkiou j~c `oi|o xi nc ko eiggc~ekjm ivc~jxkio+/

Iaaubi~c ejvjekx{ ku j~isoh 36 vc~ecox gi~c crvcoukqc xi kouxjmm- nsx iaaubi~c aj~gu ejo ncmj~lc~ joh mcuu qkusjmm{ kox~sukqc/ Xbc iaaubi~c ubcma j~isoh Nj~njhiu ku ubjmmi| coislb xijmmi| xbku x{vc ia eioux~sexkio nsx iom{ |kxbko jnisx ioc `kmigcxc~ ia xbc eijux/

\c cuxkgjxc jo koqcuxgcox eiux ia SU(5/>5 gkmmkio)G\ ai~ iaaubi~c |koh v~idcexu/Crvcexch xs~nkoc joh aisohjxkio eiuxu j~c jnisx >6 vc~ecox joh :36 vc~ecox l~cjxc~-~cuvcexkqcm{- xbjo eiuxu ai~ ukgkmj~ ioubi~c v~idcexu/ Aisohjxkio eiuxu x{vkejmm{ eigv~kucjnisx akqc xi okoc vc~ecox ia xixjm v~idcex eiux ai~ ioubi~c |koh aj~gu- nsx koe~cjuc xi iqc~>6 vc~ecox ia xixjm v~idcex eiux ai~ iaaubi~c |koh aj~gu/ Usngj~koc l~kh xkcu j~c gseb gi~ccrvcoukqc ai~ iaaubi~c |koh aj~gu- cuvcekjmm{ |bco eigvj~ch xi xbc ebcjv iqc~bcjh l~khxkcu jmmi|ch ai~ uigc ioubi~c aj~gu/ Ukgkmj~m{- gjkoxcojoec ku gseb gi~c crvcoukqc ko xbccqcox ia jo sohc~ucj ajkms~c/ Ns~kch ucj ejnmcu- bi|cqc~- gj{ gkxkljxc useb gjkoxcojoec

kuuscu/

Iaa'ubi~c |koh ~clkgcu j~c gi~c eioukuxcox joh ia j bklbc~ uvcch xbjo io'ubi~c ~clkgcu koukgkmj~ miejxkiou/ Ncxxc~ |koh ~cuis~ecu x{vkejmm{ ~cusmx ko j ejvjekx{ ajexi~ xbjx ku xb~cc xiucqco vc~ecox ncxxc~ iaaubi~c xbjo ioubi~c/ Xbc ~cusmxkol isxvsx koe~cjuc ~jolcu a~ig :> xi>6 vc~ecox/

E/3 Nkigjuu Eilcoc~jxkioNkigjuu Eilcoc~jxkio bju ncco such n{ xbc uslj~ ejoc kohsux~{ ko Nj~njhiu ai~ {cj~u/Es~~coxm{ xbc uslj~ ejoc kohsux~{ ns~ou njljuuc ko xbck~ nikmc~u xi lcoc~jxc uxcjg ai~ xbck~v~iecuucu/ Xbc uxcjg ku jmui such xi lcoc~jxc cmcex~kekx{ ai~ xbc vmjox/ Oi crecuu cmcex~kekx{ ku

lcoc~jxch/Xbc NEKE bju vmjou xi eiouimkhjxc xbc es~~cox Joh~c|u joh Vi~xqjmc uslj~ gkmmu koxi jukolmc ~cbjnkmkxjxch joh ~cas~nkubch ajexi~{ jx Joh~c|u ajexi~{ ukxc/ Ju vj~x ia xbcucsvl~jhcu NEKE koxcohu xi ivxkgktc xbc ei'lcoc~jxkio ia cmcex~kekx{ ai~ ujmc xi NM!V-sxkmktkol nixb njljuuc a~ig xbc ejoc joh ixbc~ nkigjuu |juxc jqjkmjnmc a~ig xbc Kumjohu|juxc gjojlcgcox ajekmkx{/


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Xbku |kmm koemshc kouxjmmkol j oc| 2->66 `Vj bklb caakekcoe{ uxcjg nikmc~- ioc nje` v~cuus~cxs~ni jmxc~ojxi~- ioc eiohcoukol xs~ni jmxc~ojxi~ eigvmcxc |kxb eiohcouc~ joh ioc eiimkolxi|c~ ai~ xbc eiohcoukol xs~nkoc/

Xbc Uslj~ Kohsux~{ ko Nj~njhiu bju x|i ucjuiou0

J e~sub ucjuio ia jnisx >6 |ccù a~ig gkh Djosj~{ xi Dsoc Jo iaa e~iv a~ig Dsoc xi gkh Djosj~{ "5> |ccù+/

Xbc njljuuc ascm ku gjhc joh j vi~xkio eiousgch hs~kol xbc ucjuio/ Xbc ~cgjkohc~ ia xbkuascm |ismh nc uxi~ch ai~ xbc iaa ucjuio vi|c~ lcoc~jxkio/ Ko jhhkxkio nkigjuu ascm a~ig xbckumjoh |juxc |ismh nc x~jouvi~xch xi xbc ajexi~{ xb~islbisx xbc {cj~ jx jo cuxkgjxch >66xiou vc~ hj{/ Ko i~hc~ xi mkgkx xbc jgisox ia njljuuc uxi~jlc kx ku v~iviuch xbjx xbcEilcoc~jxkio Ivc~jxkio ku uvmkx koxi xb~cc xkgc vc~kihu |kxb hkaac~cox jgisoxu ia cmcex~kejmvi|c~ jqjkmjnmc ai~ crvi~x xi xbc l~kh hs~kol jo{ ioc vc~kih/

Vc~kih ioc |ismh nc ai~ xbc >6 |cc` e~subkol ucjuio |bco njljuuc ascm ku nckolv~ihsech/ Bc~c xbc jgisox ia jqc~jlc vi|c~ jqjkmjnmc ai~ crvi~x |ismh nc ko xbc

~clkio ia ::G\/ Xbc xixjm vi|c~ lcoc~jxch |ismh nc ko xbc ~clkio ia :66 xiou vc~ hj{ johuxi~ch

Vc~kih xb~cc |ismh nc xbc uceioh :1 |ccù ia xbc iaa ucjuio/ Xbc vi|c~ kumjoh|ismh nc ak~ch sv sukol xbc |juxc ascm uxi~ch hs~kol xbc v~cqkisu :1 |ccù johxbc ascm j~~kqkol jx >66 xiou vc~ hj{/ Xbc jqc~jlc vi|c~ jqjkmjnmc ai~ crvi~x|ismh nc ko xbc ~clkio ia 1-3;;

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ :-836->2:

Mkacxkgc "ko {cj~u+ >6

Isxvsx vc~ `\ ejvjekx{ vc~ {cj~ "ko`\b)`\+

8-5:; "koemshkol vi|c~ such n{ ejoc ajexi~{ joh xbjx uimhxi xbc l~kh+

Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ 21-52;-555

Miol ^so Gj~lkojm Eiux "SU()`\b+ 6/::


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E/1 Gsokekvjm Uimkh \juxc xi Coc~l{J Gsokekvjm Uimkh \juxc "GU\+ xi Coc~l{ vmjox ku jo caacexkqc |j{ ia lcoc~jxkol cmcex~kekx{|bkmc ~chsekol xbc jgisox ia |juxc ucox xi xbc mjohakmm/ \juxc ux~cjgu j~c ~cjhkm{ jqjkmjnmcai~ suc ko useb j vmjox/ Xbc~c j~c gjo{ hkaac~cox xceboimilkcu xbjx eismh nc such- |bkeb j~chkuesuuch as~xbc~ ko Jvvcohkr H/ Eioqcoxkiojm eignsuxkio- gi~c uvcekakejmm{ gjuu ns~o

giqkol l~jxc u{uxcgu- ku xbc giux eiouc~qjxkqc joh ~cjuiojnm{ qkjnmc jvv~ijeb ejvjnmc iagjojlkol sov~iecuuch GU\ |kxb qj~kjnmc eigviukxkio ukgkmj~ xi xbjx |bkeb |ismh ncjqjkmjnmc ko Nj~njhiu |bkeb ku eiggc~ekjmm{ v~iqco/ Ju useb xbku xceboimil{ |ju eioukhc~chko xbc xjnmc ncmi|/

Eioqcoxkiojm eignsuxkio eiqc~u j osgnc~ ia |cmm'cuxjnmkubch xceboimilkcu hcqcmivch iqc~:66 {cj~u jli ai~ coc~l{ lcoc~jxkio a~ig gsokekvjm uimkh |juxc/ Xbc giux eiggioeioqcoxkiojm jvv~ijeb ku xbc suc ia gjuu ns~o giqkol l~jxc u{uxcgu xi eignsux GU\ acchux~cjgu/ Ko gjuu ns~o u{uxcgu- |juxc ku ach koxi j eignsuxkio ebjgnc~ ioxi ioc i~ gi~cl~jxcu |bc~c ucqc~jm uxcvu iees~/ Xbc ak~ux uxcv ~chsecu |jxc~ eioxcox xi v~cvj~c gjxc~kjm ai~ns~okol/ Xbc ocrx uxcv koqimqcu v~kgj~{ ns~okol |bkeb irkhktcu xbc gi~c ~cjhkm{eignsuxknmc gjxc~kjm |bkmc xbc usnuczscox ns~okol uxcv irkhktcu xbc akrch ej~nio/ \juxc ku

ns~och ko usn'uxikebkigcx~ke eiohkxkiou- |bc~c usaakekcox ir{lco ku oix jqjkmjnmc ai~eigvmcxc eignsuxkio/ Xbc ir{lco jqjkmjnmc ku jvv~irkgjxcm{ 56 xi 26 vc~ ecox ia xbc~czsk~ch jgisox ai~ eigvmcxc eignsuxkio |bkeb ~cusmxu ko xbc ai~gjxkio ia v{~im{uku ljucu"amsc lju+/ Xbcuc ljucu j~c eignkoch |kxb crecuu jk~ ko xbc svvc~ vi~xkiou ia xbceignsuxkio ebjgnc~ |bkeb jmmi|u eigvmcxc irkhjxkio xi iees~/

Gjuu ns~o xceboimil{ jvvmkejxkiou v~iqkhc miol ~cukhcoec xkgcu io xbc l~jxc"u+ |bkeb koxs~o v~ihsecu liih jub zsjmkx{ "k/c/- mcuu oio'eignsuxch ej~nio+/ Oc|c~ ajekmkxkcu bjqcl~cjxm{ kgv~iqch coc~l{ caakekcoe{ joh susjmm{ ~ceiqc~ crvi~x coc~l{ ju ckxbc~ uxcjg joh)i~cmcex~kekx{/

Ivc~jxkio joh gjkoxcojoec eiuxu j~c cuxkgjxch jx SU(>;;/1)`\){~ xi ivc~jxc xbc |juxc xi

coc~l{ vmjox/ Bi|cqc~- xbc~c j~c ixbc~ oio'coc~l{ ujqkolu xbjx iaaucx uklokakejox I!Geiuxu/ Xbcuc koemshc j ~chsexkio ko xbc eiux ia nskmhkol j oc| mjohakmm joh |juxc hkqc~ukioujqkolu/ Xbc ocx caacex io I!G eiuxu ku I!G eiux ujqkoluia '6-666 vc~ {cj~ isx ia xbc SU(:8-666-666 uxjxch jniqc/


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Xbc eignkoch ~chsexkio ko eiuxu czsjxc xi SU(3-:>6-666 vc~ {cj~ |bkeb ~cusmxu ko j ocxI!G ujqkolu |bco eignkoch |kxb xbc I ! G eiuxu ia xbc \XC vmjox /

Xbc~c j~c ixbc~ koxjolknmc ncocakxu xi j \juxc xi Coc~l{ vmjox/ Xbku |kmm ~cusmx ko j uklokakejox~chsexkio ko mjohakmm cgkuukiou joh v~iqkhc uiekjm ncocakxu ju |cmm/ Xbc jniqc eiux cuxkgjxchicu oix koemshc hceiggkuukiokol ia mjohakmmu- akohkol oc| mjohakmm ukxcu- CKJu ia oc| ukxcu-

vixcoxkjm ej~nio e~chkxu i~ crecuu eiuxu ai~ ~cqkuch x~jouvi~xjxkio ~isxcu/ Jmui xbc ujmc ia n{v~ihsexu useb ju xbc jub ai~ suc ko eioe~cxc i~ ue~jv gcxjm aisoh ko xbc jub ai~ ~ce{emkoleismh nc uimh/ J hcxjkmch asmm mkace{emc jojm{uku ubismh nc eigvmcxch v~ki~ kgvmcgcoxkol j|juxc xi coc~l{ vmjox/

Gsokekvjm Uimkh \juxc xi Coc~l{

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Sxkmkx{ "|kxbisx mjohakmm eiux ujqkolu+ Sxkmkx{ "|kxb mjohakmm eiux ujqkolu+


:5-366/6 :5-366/6

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ ;6# ;6#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ :8;-;;2-366 :8;-;;2-366

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ 8-688-8;> ':-66 >6


5 6/:2

E/


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V~cmkgkoj~{ eiux'ujqkolu ejmesmjxkiou |c~c vc~ai~gch ai~ j U\JE hkux~kex eiimkol u{uxcgmiejxch ocj~ Occhbjgu Vikox- Nj~njhiu/ Jx xbku miejxkio- xbc hkux~kex u{uxcg eismh hkuvmjec>-666 `kmi|jxxu ia jk~ eiohkxkiokol ko j 166 gcxc~u ~jhksu j~cj/

Ucj|jxc~ Jk~ Eiohkxkiokol "U\JE+

Uejmc ia Vixcoxkjm Kouxjmmjxkiou Sxkmkx{X{vkejm Kouxjmmch ejvjekx{ "ko@kmi|jxxu+

>-666/6

Ejvjekx{ Ajexi~ 55#

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ 2->66

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ 55:->66

Mkacxkgc "ko {cj~u+ >6

Isxvsx vc~ `\ ejvjekx{ vc~ {cj~

"ko `\b)`\+>-2;:

Joosjm Isxvsx "`\b){cj~+ 3-


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Jvvcohkr H4 \juxc xi Coc~l{ Xceboimilkcu johCoqk~iogcoxjm Kgvjex

^cvi~x n{ Uxjoxce- \juxc xi Coc~l{ ko Nj~njhiu- Gj~eb >6:6/


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Jvvcohkr C4 Iecjo Xbc~gjm Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio"IXCE+

Xbc ucj~eb ai~ oc| uis~ecu ia coc~l{ iaxco oclmcexu xbc ~coc|jnmc ~cuis~ecu jqjkmjnmc a~igxbc iecjo/ Xbc iecjo bju xbc vixcoxkjm xi iaac~ jo cohmcuu usvvm{ ia emcjo ~coc|jnmc coc~l{-koemshkol |koh- xkhjm- es~~cox- |jqc- joh xbc~gjm coc~l{/ Ncai~c hcekhkol |bcxbc~ xi vs~usc~coc|jnmc iecjoke coc~l{- jmm jqjkmjnmc xceboimilkcu occh xi nc crvmi~ch xi hcxc~gkoc|bcxbc~ jo{ ia xbcg j~c ceioigkejmm{ qkjnmc- joh ka ui- |bc~c xbc v~idcexu koei~vi~jxkolxbiuc xceboimilkcu ubismh nc miejxch/

Ju xbc v~kec ia xbc~gjm coc~l{ju ikm- lju- joh eijmkoe~cjucu- kx ku cuucoxkjm xi koqcuxkljxcjoh kgv~iqc jmxc~ojxkqc coc~l{ uis~ecu useb ju ~coc|jnmc iecjo coc~l{/ Ncejsuc ia xbck~kuimjxkio a~ig giux x~jhkxkiojm uis~ecu ia coc~l{- kumjoh ojxkiou j~c ko j vj~xkesmj~m{jhqjoxjlcisu viukxkio xi kgvmcgcox iecjoke ~coc|jnmc coc~l{/ Ko jhhkxkio- xbc v~iecuu iaxbc~gjm eioqc~ukio lcoc~jxcu j mj~lc jgisox ia a~cub |jxc~- |bkeb ejo nc such ju h~ko`kol|jxc~/

X|i x{vcu ia iecjoke coc~l{ ejo nc such xi lcoc~jxc cmcex~kekx{4 "k+ xbc~gjm coc~l{ a~ig uimj~k~~jhkjxkio joh ">+ gcebjokejm coc~l{ a~ig xkhcu- |jqcu- es~~coxu i~ |kohu/ Xbku Jvvcohkrcgvbjuktcu xbc suc ia iecjo xbc~gjm coc~l{ ko cmcex~kekx{ lcoc~jxkio- joh v~iqkhcu j ac|~ceiggcohjxkiou ~clj~hkol xbc vixcoxkjm ai~ kxu hcqcmivgcox/ Xbc ocrx Jvvcohkr eiqc~uxbc suc ia iecjo gcebjokejm coc~l{/ Iecjo gcebjokejm coc~l{ ku ~cmjxkqcm{ k~~clsmj~ johsov~chkexjnmc/ Iecjo xbc~gjm coc~l{- io xbc ixbc~ bjoh- ku ajk~m{ eiouxjox- joh ejo nc suchju njuc mijh vi|c~ xbjo`u xi xbc snkzskxisu joh eioukuxcox crkuxcoec ia xbc~gjm l~jhkcoxuncx|cco xbc us~ajec mj{c~ joh xbc hccv iecjo |jxc~/

C/: Iecjo Xbc~gjm Coc~l{ VixcoxkjmCmcex~kekx{ ku lcoc~jxch a~ig iecjo xbc~gjm coc~l{ xb~islb j bcjx'xi'|i~` eioqc~ukio

v~iecuu xbjx sxkmktcu crkuxkol xbc~gjm l~jhkcoxu ncx|cco xbc us~ajec mj{c~ joh hccv |jxc~ koxbc iecjo/ Xbc vixcoxkjm ia xbc iecjo xbc~gjm coc~l{ ku somkgkxch hsc xi xbc hjkm{~cvmcokubgcox n{ uimj~ k~~jhkjxkio/ Ko eiox~jux xi xbc koxc~gkxxcox ojxs~c ia iecjokegcebjokejm coc~l{- iecjoke xbc~gjm coc~l{ ku j gi~c eioukuxcox joh ~cmkjnmc uis~ec ia coc~l{/As~xbc~gi~c- kx bju ~cjebch xbc vikox ia xcebokejm acjuknkmkx{ joh v~c'eiggc~ekjm acjuknkmkx{/Kx ubismh nc emiucm{ inuc~qch ai~ j vixcoxkjm sveigkol ~cjhkocuu ai~ kohsux~kjm joheiggc~ekjm suc/

Ko x~ivkejm iecjou- xbc~c crkux |jxc~u ia hkaac~cox xcgvc~jxs~cu ko mj{c~u/ Xbc us~ajec mj{c~ejo bjqc j xcgvc~jxs~c ia jniqc >3E hi|o xi xbc xiv ia xbc xbc~giemkoc- j xbko mj{c~ iajn~svx xcgvc~jxs~c ebjolc/ J hccv eimh- xbke` mj{c~ ocj~ 8E crxcohu xi xbc nixxig |kxbqc~{ mkxxmc qc~xkejm xcgvc~jxs~c l~jhkcox |kxbko mj{c~u/ Xbku ku ubi|o uebcgjxkejmm{ ko Akls~c

C':/ Xbc xcgvc~jxs~c hkaac~coecu ncx|cco xbc |j~g us~ajec mj{c~ joh xbc eimh nixxig mj{c~~jolc a~ig >6E xi >3E/

Ju ioc |ismh crvcex- us~ajec |jxc~ xcgvc~jxs~cu j~c bklbc~ ko czsjxi~kjm |jxc~u- ju ubi|oio xbc gjv ko Akls~c C'>- |bkeb mcjhu xi j l~cjxc~ hkaac~coxkjm ncx|cco xbc us~ajec johnixxig mj{c~u ko czsjxi~kjm ~clkiou xbjo |ismh nc aisoh cmuc|bc~c ko xbc |i~mh/ Xbkuhkaac~coxkjm uc~qcu ju j bslc ~cuc~qik~ ia coc~l{- ju bcjx crebjolc ncx|cco xbc mj{c~u ejo ncejvxs~ch xi v~ihsec cmcex~kekx{/ Bi|cqc~- xbku |cjmxb ia snkzskxisu iecjo emcjo coc~l{vixcoxkjm bju oix {cx ncco |cmm xjvvch/


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Akls~c C':4Qc~xkejm Xcgvc~jxs~c V~iakmc

Akls~c C'>4 Bi~ktioxjm Xcgvc~jxs~c V~iakmc

C/> IXCE Xceboimil{Ioc jvv~ijeb xi hcqcmivkol cmcex~kekx{ a~ig iecjo coc~l{ ku `oi|o ju Iecjo Xbc~gjmCoc~l{ Eioqc~ukio "IXCE+/ Xbku jvv~ijeb sxkmktcu xbc xcgvc~jxs~c hkaac~coecu ncx|cco xbcus~ajec mj{c~ joh xbc hccvc~ |jxc~ |cmm ncocjxb xbc xbc~giemkoc xb~islb xbc v~iecuu iacqjvi~jxkio joh eiohcoujxkio xi ~so j xs~ni'lcoc~jxi~ ai~ cmcex~kekx{/

Xbc khcj ia bj~ocuukol xbc vi|c~ uxi~ch ko xbc x~ivkejm iecjou bju crkuxch ai~ iqc~ j ecoxs~{/Xbc khcj |ju i~klkojmm{ eioeckqch n{ A~coeb vb{ukekux Djezscu J~ucoc hJ~uioqjm ko :22:-nsx ~cjm koxc~cux ko xbc xceboimil{ hkh oix xj`c iaa soxkm xbc |i~mh|khc coc~l{ ubi~xjlcu iaxbc cj~m{ :;


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:/ Emiuch'e{emcj uebcgjxke ia j ukgvmkakch emiuch'e{emc IXCE ami| hkjl~jg kuubi|o ko Akls~c C'5/ \j~g us~ajec |jxc~ joh eimh nixxig |jxc~ j~c such xiqjvi~ktc joh eiohcouc j |i~`kol amskh "lcoc~jmm{- Jggiokj i~ V~iv{mcoc+ xbjxh~kqcu j xs~nkoc'lcoc~jxi~

>/ Ivco'e{emcxbc ucj |jxc~ ku amjub'cqjvi~jxch ko j qjessg ebjgnc~- ~cusmxkol koj mi|'v~cuus~c uxcjg |bkeb ku such xi h~kqc j xs~nkoc'lcoc~jxi~/ Eimh |jxc~ kusuch xi eiohcouc xbc uxcjg ai~ v~ihsekol a~cub |jxc~

5/ B{n~kh'e{emcxbku ku j eignkojxkio ia xbc x|i jai~cgcoxkioch e{emcu- hcuklochxi v~ihsec cmcex~kekx{ joh hcujmkojxch h~ko`kol |jxc~/

Akls~c C'54 Bi| iecjo vi|c~ ivc~jxcu

Xbc uekcoec ia IXCE ku uisoh joh ~cmjxkqcm{ cju{ xi sohc~uxjoh/ IXCE ku j bcjx colkoc ai~vi|c~- njukejmm{ ukgkmj~ xi xbc ej~ i~ dcx colkoc/ Xbc hkaac~coec ku xbjx xbc ai~gc~ ivc~jxcusohc~ mi| xcgvc~jxs~c- mi| v~cuus~c- joh mi| uvcch eiohkxkiouxbc~cai~c- |kxb mi|caakekcoe{ joh mi| ~czsk~ch gjkoxcojoec/ Xbc mjxxc~ "jsxi)dcx colkocu+ j~c susjmm{ qc~{ bklb

uvcch- bklb v~cuus~c joh qc~{ bklb xcgvc~jxs~c colkocu/ A~ig jo colkocc~kol vikox ia qkc|-xbku ku j `c{ vc~ecvxkqc hkuxkoexkio ko caakekcoe{ ncx|cco IXCE joh xbc bklb uvcch dcxcolkocu/ Xi jhqjoec IXCE xceboimil{- xbc kgv~iqcgcox ia xbc iqc~jmm caakekcoe{ ia xbcIXCE u{uxcg "koemshkol cjeb joh cqc~{ eigviocox+ ku xbc `c{ xi useecuu/ Uklokakejoxn~cj`xb~islbu xbjx v~igkuc gjdi~ kgv~iqcgcoxu ko xbc caakekcoe{ ia xbc IXCE u{uxcg joh~chsexkio ko xbc eiux ia gjosajexs~kol bjqc ncco jebkcqch n{ gjo{ sokqc~ukx{ joh kohsux~{~cucj~ebc~u qkj kooiqjxkqc hcuklou ia bcjx crebjolc~u- xs~nkoc eigviocoxu- eiohcouc~u- johvkvkol hcuklo joh hcvmi{gcox xceboimilkcu/


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Xbc es~~cox uxjxsu ia IXCE u{uxcg xceboimil{ bju jhqjoech xi j qc~{ v~igkukol uxjlc ai~asxs~c ceioigke qkjnkmkx{/ Kx ku cuxkgjxch xbjx xbc~c j~c okocx{'cklbx ojxkiou joh xc~~kxi~kcu|kxb xbc~gjm ~cuis~ecu jgcojnmc xi IXCE hcqcmivgcox iqc~ xbc x~ivkejm ~clkiou ia xbc|i~mh/ Xbku ~cv~cucoxu uklokakejox gj~`cx vixcoxkjm ia sv xi 3+- |bkeb ixbc~ ~coc|jnmc coc~l{- useb ju |koh joh uimj~- hi oix viuucuu/Xbcuc koemshc xbc aimmi|kol4

Asmm joh caakekcox sxkmktjxkio ejo nc gjhc ia xbc koqcuxgcox ko v~ihsexkioejvjekx{- ncejsuc IXCE "somk`c gjo{ ixbc~ koxc~gkxxcox ^C uis~ecu+ ku jqjkmjnmc>8 bis~u vc~ hj{ joh 513 hj{u vc~ {cj~/ Jmui- IXCE u{uxcgu "somk`c aiuukm ascmu-joh uigc uis~ecu emjuukakch ju ~coc|jnmc- useb ju lcixbc~gjm i~ b{h~i+ hi oixhcvmcxc xbc ~cuis~ec ia xbc miejxkio |bc~c xbc{ j~c kouxjmmch

Xbc caakekcox v~ihsexkio ia b{h~ilco n{ cmcex~im{uku ~czsk~cu qc~{ vs~c |jxc~ ai~xbc vixjuuksg b{h~irkhc "@IB+ uimsxkio/ J ugjmm vj~x ia xbc IXCE v~iecuu ejonc such xi v~ihsec xbku vs~c |jxc~ a~ig xbc us~ajec ucj|jxc~- ~cusmxkol bklbcaakekcoe{ ko cmcex~im{uku

Mkzsca{kol b{h~ilco |kxb j Emjshc v~iecuu ~czsk~cu jo caakekcox bcjx uko` xigkokgktc v~iecuu coc~l{/ Xbc eimh ucj|jxc~ xbjx ku such ko xbc IXCE v~iecuuv~iqkhcu xbku caakekcox bcjx uko`

Mkzskh b{h~ilco ku giux caakekcoxm{ x~jouvi~xch n{ jo iecjo xjo`c~/ Xbc iaa'ubi~cIXCE b{h~ilco vmjox ku jm~cjh{ miejxch io xbc x~jouvi~x gchksg- joh xbc~cai~c|ismh ~cusmx ko xbc mi|cux eiux ai~ x~jouvi~x xi gj~`cx/ A~ig j lminjm vc~uvcexkqc-iecjo x~jouvi~x hkuxjoecu ia IXCE hc~kqch MB> j~c gseb ubi~xc~ xbjo xbcv~cucox u{uxcg ia ikm x~jouvi~x a~ig xbc Gkhhmc Cjux j~isoh Ja~kej xi Oi~xbJgc~kej i~ Cs~ivc- i~ a~ig xbc Gkhhmc Cjux j~isoh Kohkj joh xbc Gjmj{joVcokousmj xi Djvjo/

Xbc useecuuasm hcqcmivgcox ia j lminjm b{h~ilco ceioig{ |kmm sohisnxchm{ bjqc xi koqimqcxbc mj~lcux ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ ~cuis~ec vixcoxkjm ko xbc |i~mhxbc x~ivkejm iecjo/ IXCExceboimil{ ku xbc ncux |j{ xi xjv koxi xbku qk~xsjmm{ mkgkxmcuu xbc~gjm ~cuc~qik~ xi v~ihsecb{h~ilco/ Iaaubi~c IXCE vmjoxu- sxkmktkol xcebokzscu jm~cjh{ hcqcmivch ai~ jeecuukol hccv|jxc~ ikm akcmhu- ejo nc jhjvxch xi v~ihsec joh mkzsca{ b{h~ilco joh cous~c j usuxjkojnmcusvvm{ ia b{h~ilco a~ig jo coqk~iogcoxjmm{ ncoklo- ~coc|jnmc ~cuis~ec ai~ asxs~clcoc~jxkiou/


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5;

C/5 IXCE io HcgjohIXCE iaac~u ioc ia xbc giux coqk~iogcoxjmm{ a~kcohm{- emcjo vi|c~ v~ihsexkioxceboimilkcu sohc~ ~cmjxkqcm{ mi| uvcch joh mi| xcgvc~jxs~c eiohkxkiou |kxb qc~{ mi|ivc~jxkio joh gjkoxcojoec eiuxu/ IXCE ejo jmui v~ihsec gkmmkiou joh gkmmkiou ljmmiou iah~ko`kol |jxc~/ Xbc uis~ec ai~ IXCE coc~l{ ku usvvmkch n{ xbc uimj~ u{uxcg a~cc ia ebj~lc-

xbsu ujqkol nkmmkiou ko ~cascmkol eiuxu ai~ lcoc~jxkol vi|c~ iqc~ eioqcoxkiojm aiuukm ak~cvmjoxu/ Ko jhhkxkio- IXCE n{'v~ihsexu a~ig jzsjesmxs~c- jl~kesmxs~c- joh iecjoke akubc~{aj~gkol j~c vixcoxkjm jhhkxkiojm uis~ecu ia aiih/

Xcebokejmm{- jmm cuucoxkjm eigviocoxu ia jo IXCE u{uxcg bjqc ncco hcgioux~jxch io vkmixuejmcu ko Bj|jkk "Qclj- >66>+ joh io uigc ixbc~ |i~mh ~cucj~eb ejgvsucu- jmxbislb xbcceioigke qkjnkmkx{ ia j gsmxk'v~ihsex IXCE u{uxcg occhu xi nc v~iqco ncai~c crxcoukqceiggc~ekjm jvvmkejxkiou |kmm jxx~jex gi~c v~kqjxc koqcuxi~u/

Ko usggj~{- iecjo ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ bju xbc vixcoxkjm xi v~iqkhc mi|'eiux njucmijh coc~l{-kgv~iqc coc~l{ uces~kx{- ~chsec LBL cgkuukiou- joh gkxkljxc h~ko`kol |jxc~ ubi~xjlcu/Gcebjokejm ai~gu ia iecjo coc~l{|jqc- xkhjm- joh es~~coxj~c uxkmm ko cj~m{ vbjucu ia

~cucj~eb joh hcqcmivgcox- joh j~c v~cucoxm{ eioukhc~ch koeioukuxcox joh koxc~gkxxcoxuis~ecu ia coc~l{/ Somk`c gcebjokejm coc~l{- iecjo xbc~gjm coc~l{ ku mkgkxmcuu joh ejo ncsuch ju njuc mijh vi|c~ xbjo`u xi eioukuxcox xbc~gjm l~jhkcoxu ncx|cco us~ajec |jxc~ johhccv |jxc~ ko xbc iecjo/

C/8 IXCE Vixcoxkjm ai~ Nj~njhiuNj~njhiu uccgu xi bjqc uskxjnmc miejxkiou ai~ IXCE hcqcmivgcox- cuvcekjmm{ jmiol xbc cjuxivco iecjo ukhc ia xbc kumjoh/ Bi|cqc~- j akcmh koqcuxkljxkio joh uxsh{ xi hcekhc xbc crjexukxc ~ceiggcohjxkiou gsux nc sohc~xj`co xi v~iecch |kxb j ~cjmkuxke IXCE vmjo/ Ukxcucmcexkio |kmm ~czsk~c gi~c ukxc qkukxu- iecjoke joh jxgiuvbc~ke hjxj- joh osgc~kejm gihcmkolukgsmjxkiou/

Ucqc~jm IXCE vmjoxu j~c jx qj~kisu uxjlcu ia hcqcmivgcox xb~islbisx xbc |i~mh/ Ko xbc SUMie`bcch'Gj~xko bju nclso nskmhkol j :3 G\ IXCE vmjox ko Bj|jkk xbjx ku uebchsmch xinc eigvmcxch |kxbko >6:>/ Mie`bcch'Gj~xko bju jmui nclso vmjookol xi nskmh joixbc~:66G\ IXCE vmjox/ Isxukhc xbc SU- Kohkjo joh Djvjocuc eigvjokcu j~c eiivc~jxkol xinskmh j >G\ IXCE vmjox ko xbc Kohkjo Iecjo xbjx ku oi| ocj~ eigvmcxkio/

Ka hcqcmivch- jqjkmjnmc IXCE coc~l{ jmiol xbc czsjxi~kjm ~clkiou jmioc ejo v~iqkhc ucqc~jmbsoh~ch xkgcu xbc es~~cox occh ai~ coc~l{ iqc~ xbc |i~mh/ \c ejo gj`c j v~cmkgkoj~{IXCE juucuugcox sukol jqjkmjnmc hjxj a~ig Nj~njhiu- joh crx~jvimjxkol |kxb hjxj a~ig xbcSUJ/ Jeei~hkol xi jqjkmjnmc iecjoke hjxj ai~ xbc |jxc~u us~~isohkol Nj~njhiu- xbc jqc~jlc|jxc~ xcgvc~jxs~c h~ivu zske`m{ a~ig >


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ejvjekx{ ajexi~- j ejvkxjm eiux ia jnisx SU(:56 gkmmkio- I!G eiuxu ia jnisx SU(566-666 ic~{cj~- j mkacxkgc ia >3 {cj~u- joh jo joosjm isxvsx ia iqc~ :>L\b vc~ {cj~/

Xbc aimmi|kol ku j ~islb cuxkgjxkio ia j njuke eiux jojm{uku ai~ j :3 G\ IXCE vi|c~ vmjox/Xbku cuxkgjxkio ku ai~ ~cac~coec iom{- |kxbisx j uvcekake ukxc khcoxkakch/ Xbc cuxkgjxch eiuxuj~c njuch io ixbc~u hcuklou joh jojm{ucu ia j ukgkmj~ IXCE vmjox- nsx hi oix eioukhc~

uvcekake akls~cu io vmjxai~gu- vkvkolu- joh gjosajexs~c~u/

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Emjshc- L/- Vi|c~ a~ig xbc X~ivkejm Ucju- Gcebjokejm Colkocc~kol- :;56- Qim/ 3>-Oi/ :>- vv/ :65;':688

Hjokcmu- X/ B/- Iecjo Xbc~gjm Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio4 Jo Crxcoukqc-Coqk~iogcoxjmm{ Ncoklo Uis~ec ia Coc~l{ ai~ xbc Asxs~c- Usuxjkojnmc HcqcmivgcoxKoxc~ojxkiojm- 5~h Chkxkio- vv/ :>: :>3/ >666

hJ~uioqjm- J/- Sxkmkujxkio hcu ai~ecu ojxs~cmmcu- Jqcok~ hc mmcex~kekx- ^cqsc Uekcoxkakzsc-Qim/ :55 >86- :;2:

Ucj Uimj~ Vi|c~ Koxc~ojxkiojm "UUV- :;26- >66>+- Eigvjo{ N~iebs~c joh|cnvjlc bxxv4))|||/ucjuimj~vi|c~/eig)

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Xj`jbjubk joh X~co`j- Iecjo Xbc~gjm Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio- Dibo \kmc{- :;;1 Xkxusk- X/- A/ Kxi- [/ Uc{j joh [/ Oj`jgixi- Isxmkoc ia xbc :66 G\ IXCE Vmjox

ko xbc ^cvsnmke ia Ojs~s- KCCC X~joujexkiou io Vi|c~ Jvvj~jxsu joh U{uxcgu- Qim/VJU':6>- Oi/ ;- Ucvxcgnc~ :;25

X~conc~xb- @/ C/- Xbc ^imc ia xbc Iecjo ko Emkgjxc ko xbc Joosjm ^cvi~x ia xbcUxjxc ia xbc Iecjo joh xbc Iecjo Inuc~qjxkio U{uxcg/ OIJJ ^cvi~x- A[ >668


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8:

S/U/ Hcvj~xgcox ia xbc Koxc~ki~- Gkoc~jmu Gjojlcgcox Uc~qkec- ^coc|jnmcCoc~l{ joh Jmxc~ojxc suc V~il~jg ">661+- Xceboimil{ \bkxc Vjvc~ io \jqc Coc~l{Vixcoxkjm io xbc S/U/ Isxc~ Eioxkocoxjm Ubcma

S/U/ Hcvj~xgcox ia xbc Koxc~ki~- Gkoc~jmu Gjojlcgcox Uc~qkec- ^coc|jnmcCoc~l{ joh Jmxc~ojxc suc V~il~jg ">661+- Xceboimil{ \bkxc Vjvc~ io Iecjo Es~~cox

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Jvvcohkr A4 Iecjo \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~ukio\jqcu jx xbc iecjou us~ajec ejo nc such ju j uis~ec ia ~coc|jnmc coc~l{/ \jqc coc~l{sxkmktjxkio bju xbc l~cjxcux vixcoxkjm jx kumjohu useb ju Nj~njhiu- ncejsuc ia xbc eignkojxkioia ucqc~jm ajexi~u useb ju xbc jqjkmjnkmkx{ ia ux~iol eijuxjm iecjo |jqcu- miol ubi~cmkoc- mje`

ia ojxs~jm |jxc~ ~cuis~ecu- joh xbc ~cmjxkqcm{ bklb eiuxu ia ixbc~ miejm coc~l{ uis~ecu/Xceboimilkcu xi bj~qcux |jqc coc~l{ bjqc ncco hcqcmivch ko xbc vjux ac| hcejhcu johucqc~jm |jqc coc~l{ eioqc~ukio hcqkecu bjqc ncco useecuuasmm{ hcgioux~jxch ko ~cecox {cj~u/

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A/: Nj~njhiu joh kxu Iecjo \jqc Coc~l{ V~iuvcexuMj~lc iecjo |jqcu juuiekjxch |kxb ux~iol joh eiouxjox x~jhc |kohu jmiol xbc cjux joh oi~xbeijux ia Nj~njhiu "|kxb xixjm eijuxmkoc iqc~ 53 `g+ e~cjxc ajqi~jnmc eiohkxkiou ai~ us~akol/

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Cuxkgjxcu ia Vi|c~ Occhch ai~ Cmcex~kekx{ joh \jxc~ Hcujmkojxkio

Xbku crjgvmc ku v~iqkhch xi kmmsux~jxc vixcoxkjm ai~ iecjo |jqc coc~l{ ko Nj~njhiu/ Xbccrjgvmc gj`cu xbc aimmi|kol juusgvxkiou4

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Jeei~hkol xi xbc ak~ux czsjxkio jniqc- xbc jqjkmjnmc |jqc coc~l{ ku X{vcu ia \jqc Coc~l{ Ejvxs~kol XceboimilkcuXbc~c j~c ais~ gjdi~ x{vc ia iecjo |jqc coc~l{ eioqc~ukio hcqkecu- hkaac~coxkjxch njuch io

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v~ihsexukoemshc4 V


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Iuekmmjxkol \jxc~Eimsgo- ECXI )

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uxjnkmkx{ ia joebi~kol0 ei~~iukio-h{ojgke uxjnkmkx{ ia gii~ch I\E- johmje` ia jhczsjxc akcmh xcuxkol hjxj ia v~c'eiggc~ekjm v~ihsexu

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Vcmjgku \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~xc~

Xbcuc hcqkecu j~c miol gsmxk'uclgcox amijxkol ux~sexs~cu i~kcoxch vj~jmmcm xi xbc hk~cexkio iaxbc |jqc x~jqcm/ Xbc |jq{ iecjo us~ajec jmiol xbc mcolxb ia xbc hcqkec ejsucu amcrkol |bc~cxbc uclgcoxu eioocex/ Xbku amcrkol ku eioocexch xi b{h~jsmke vsgvu i~ ixbc~ eioqc~xc~u/

Xbc Vcmjgku u{uxcg |ju hcqcmivch n{ Vcmjgku |jqc Vi|c~- Mxh/ Ko Chkons~l- S@/ Kx bjuais~ 56 g miol n{ 5/3 g hkjgcxc~ amijxkol e{mkoh~kejm vioxiiou eioocexch n{ xb~cc bkolchdikoxu "ucc Akls~c A':+/ Amcrkol jx xbc bkolch dikoxu hsc xi |jqc jexkio h~kqcu b{h~jsmkevsgvu nskmx koxi xbc dikoxu/ J asmm'uejmc v~ixix{vc u{uxcg |ju useecuuasmm{ xcuxch ko >668/Xbc |i~mh ak~ux eiggc~ekjm u{uxcg |ju hcvmi{ch ko Vi~xslscuc eijux ko >661/ Kx eioukuxu ia5 Vcmjgku sokxu |kxb j eignkoch ejvjekx{ ia >/>3G\ kouxjmmch 3 `g iaa xbc eijux ia

oi~xbc~o Vi~xsljm/ Xbc u{uxcg ku v~cucoxm{ sohc~ ~cvjk~/ Bi|cqc~- xbc xceboimil{ kuv~igkukol- joh bju ~ceckqch ucqc~jm eioxkosch usvvi~x/ Xbku koemshc jo asxs~c crvjoukio xigi~c xbjo >6G\ ejvjekx{ n{ xbc Vi~xslscuc- j >>/3G\ u{uxcg n{ Ueixmjoh |kxb xbc ak~uxvbjuc ko ai~ >661- joh hcgioux~jxkio v~idcex uvioui~ch n{ xbc Cmcex~ke Vi|c~ ^cucj~ebKouxkxsxc koqimqkol akqc Sokxch Uxjxcu ukxcu "Bj|jkk- I~clio- Ejmkai~okj- Gjuujebsucxxu- johGjkoc+/ Xbc cuxkgjxch eiux ia cmcex~kekx{ jx xbcuc ukxcu ~jolc a~ig (6/:6)`\b |kxb bklb |jqccoc~l{- xi jnisx (6/86)`\b |kxb ~cmjxkqcm{ mi|c~ |jqc coc~l{/


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Akls~c A':4 Gii~ch Vcmjgku hcqkec |kxb 8'uclgcox- 5'bkolch ucexkiou

Oixc4 Xivukolmc sokx0 nixxigj~~j{ ia gsmxkvmc sokxu- i~kcoxch xi|j~h koeigkol |jqcu

Vi|c~Nsi{ \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~xc~

Xbcuc hcqkecu bjqc j ugjmm bi~ktioxjm hkgcoukio "useb ju j nsi{+ joh sxkmktc xbc ~kuc joh ajmmia xbc |jqc bcklbx jx j ukolmc vikox ai~ |jqc coc~l{ eioqc~ukio/

Vi|c~Nsi{ |ju hcqcmivch n{ Iecjo Vi|c~ Xceboimilkcu ko Vcookolxio- OD- SUJ/ Kx

eioukuxu ia j amijxkol nsi{ koukhc j akrch e{mkohc~ "ucc Akls~c A'>+/ Xbc amijxkol nsi{ giqcusv joh hi|o h~kqco n{ xbc |jqc gixkio/ Xbc ~cmjxkqc gixkio ku such xi h~kqccmcex~igcebjokejm i~ b{h~jsmke coc~l{ eioqc~xc~u/ J 86 `\ u{uxcg |ju xcuxch iaaubi~c a~igJxmjoxke Ekx{- OD joh ko Ijbs- Bj|jkk ko >668'>663/ J eiggc~ekjm'uejmc u{uxcg ia :/5; G\"|kxb gsmxkvmc sokxu ia VN86+ |ju hcvmi{ch 5 gkmcu iaa eijux ko oi~xbc~o Uvjko ko >662/ Jvbjuch kouxjmmjxkio ia j~~j{ ia VN:36 ":36`\ cjeb+ u{uxcg |kmm nc eiohsexch ko mjxc >66; jxxbc Cs~ivcjo Gj~koc coc~l{ Ecox~c "CGCE+ ko I~`oc{- Ueixmjoh xi l~kh eioocexkio iaeiggc~ekjm j~~j{ "xixjm u{uxcg ejvjekx{ sv xi 3 G\+/ Xbc SU Ojq{ joh HIC jmui gjhci~hc~u xi xcux joh cqjmsjxc hs~kol >66


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Akls~c A'>4 Vi|c~Nsi{

Oixc4 Xiv4 Vkexs~c ia us~ajec eigviocox0 ~klbx4 crxc~ojm ux~sexs~c hcuklo ia VN:36 u{uxcg

Eiuxu joh vc~ai~gjoec ia Vcmjgku joh Vi|c~Nsi{ u{uxcgu

Njuch io j ~islb cuxkgjxc- j x{vkejm :/3G\ Vcmjgku iecjo |jqc~ vi|c~ lcoc~jxkol u{uxcgeigviuch ia x|i V/3 gkmmkio vc~ sokx+- I!G eiuxuia jnisx SU(>66-666 vc~ {cj~- jo isxvsx ia jnisx 1/1L\b vc~ {cj~- joh j mkacxkgc ia 56{cj~u/

Xbcuc v~cmkgkoj~{ hjxj uc~qc ju ~cac~coec ai~ as~xbc~ jojm{uku/ Eiux cuxkgjxcu |kmm qj~{hcvcohkol io jexsjm u{uxcg hcuklo ~czsk~cgcoxu- xceboimil{ jhqjoecgcox joh gj~`cxhcgjoh- joh jexsjm |jqc coqk~iogcox jx xbc kouxjmmjxkio ukxc "ai~ crjgvmc- ugjmmc~ ejvjekx{ajexi~ ai~ j~cju |kxb mi|c~ |jqc coc~l{+/ Oixc jmui xbjx xbcuc x|i x{vcu ia u{uxcgu j~c kogihsmj~ hcuklo joh xbc osgnc~ ia njuke sokxu "osgnc~ ia Vi|c~Nsi{ i~ Vmcgjku sokxu+ ejonc koe~cjuch i~ hce~cjuch njuch io kgvmcgcoxjxkio joh jexsjm vi|c~ hcgjoheioukhc~jxkiou/


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^cac~coecu

Hcvj~xgcox ia Koxc~ki~)Gkoc~jmu Gjojlcgcox Uc~qkecu- >661- xceboimil{ |bkxcvjvc~ io \jqc coc~l{ Vixcoxkjm io xbc S/U/ Isxc~ Eioxkocoxjm Ubcma/bxxv4))ieucoc~l{/jom/liq

Hcjo- ^/L/ joh Hjm~{gvmc- :;;:- |jxc~ \jqc Gcebjokeu ai~ Colkocc~u joh uekcoxkuxu-Jhqjoech uc~kcu io Iecjo Colkocc~kol- \i~mh Uekcoxkake- Ukoljvi~c

GeEi~gke`- G/C/ joh C~xc`ko- ^/E/- >66;- ^coc|jnmc Ucj Vi|c~- JUGCGcebjokejm Colkocc~kol- Gj{ >66;- vv/51'5;

^KUC Koai~gjxkio Vi~xjm io \jqc Xceboimilkcu- ^cucj~eb Kouxkxsxc ai~Usuxjkojnmc coc~l{- Jsux~jmkj

Iuekmmjxkol \jxc~ Eimsgo "I\E+- Coc~l{xceb- Jsux~jmkj i~ Iecjomkor Mxh/ Jsux~jmkj- bxxv4))|||/iecjomkor/eig Vcmjgku \jqc Coc~l{ Eioqc~xc~- bxxv4))|||/vcmjgku|jqc/eig Vi|c~Nsi{- Iecjo Vi|c~ xceboimilkcu- OD- S/U/J/-bxxv4))iecjovi|c~xceboimilkcu/eig \jqc H~jlio- >663- Xceboimil{- Hcogj~`- bxxv4))|||/|jqch~jlio/ocx/


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Jvvcohkr L4 V~iqkukiou ai~ L~kh Uxjnkmkx{Xcebokejm gcjus~cu xbjx gj{ nc eioukhc~ch xi v~igixc l~kh uxjnkmkx{ |kxb koe~cjukola~jexkiou ia ~coc|jnmcu koemshc qj~kisu ivxkiou/ Bc~c |c hkuesuu coc~l{ uxi~jlc- vsgvchuxi~jlc- am{|bccmu- koxc~~svxknmc mijh joh hcgjoh ~cuviouc eiox~jexu- joh |koh vi|c~

ai~cejuxkol/ Akojmm{- |c hkuesuu xbc jmxc~ojxkqc ia l~kh'eioocexch qc~usu iaa'l~kh uimsxkiou/L/: Coc~l{ uxi~jlcXbc xjnmc ncmi| ubi|u coc~l{ uxi~jlc xceboimilkcu/


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Akls~c L'>4 Ejvkxjm Eiux ia Coc~l{ Uxi~jlc Xceboimilkcu

Uis~ec4 Cmcex~kekx{ Uxi~jlc Juuiekjxkio

Xbc~c j~c jx mcjux xb~cc gjko ami| njxxc~{ ebcgkux~kcu0 Vim{usmvbkhc N~igkhc "VUN+- TkoeN~igkoc "TkN~+ joh Qjojhksg ^chir Njxxc~kcu "Q^N+/ Xbc mjxxc~ bju ncco ebiuco ju jocrjgvmc ia xbku uxi~jlc x{vc/

Cmcex~kejm coc~l{ uxi~jlc ivxkiou useb ju Q^N 2 jmmi| ai~ hceisvmkol ia coc~l{ uxi~jlc a~igkouxjoxjocisu vi|c~ ~czsk~cgcoxu "k/c/ xbc coc~l{ joh vi|c~ ~jxkolu j~c kohcvcohcox+/ Giuxixbc~ coc~l{ uxi~jlc xceboimilkcu ~czsk~c j v~ivi~xkiojm koe~cjuc ia coc~l{ uxi~jlc ejvjekx{ko i~hc~ xi hcmkqc~ j uvcekake vi|c~ ~jxkol/ Q^N u{uxcgu j~c uskxjnmc ai~ juukuxkol ko xbchcmkqc~{ ia ~coc|jnmc coc~l{ i~ usvvm{kol ~cjexkqc coc~l{ "uxjxke QJ^ eigvcoujxi~u j~c oixocchch+/

Xbc V~shcox Coc~lkcu Q^N xceboimil{ ku hcue~knch ju j qjojhksg'njuch ~chir ~clcoc~jxkqcascm ecmm/ Xbc cmcex~im{xc ku vsgvch a~ig vmjuxke uxi~jlc xjoù "mj~lc~ xjoù czsjxc xi mj~lc~ejvjekx{+ je~iuu j uxje` ia ~cqc~uknmc v~ixio crebjolc gcgn~jocu- i~ VCGu "mj~lc~ uxjeùczsjxc xi bklbc~ kouxjoxjocisu vi|c~ isxvsx+/

Xbc v~koekvmc ia xbc Q^N ku ubi|o ko gi~c hcxjkm ko xbc akls~c ncmi| ' kx eioukuxu ia x|icmcex~im{xc xjoù- eioxjkokol jexkqc qjojhksg uvcekcu ko hkaac~cox irkhjxkio uxjxcu "viukxkqc4Q"KQ+)Q"Q+ ~chir eisvmc- ocljxkqc4 Q"KK+)"KKK+ ~chir eisvmc+/ Xbc uxje` eioukuxu ia gjo{ecmmu- cjeb ia |bkeb eioxjkou x|i bjma'ecmmu xbjx j~c ucvj~jxch n{ j gcgn~joc/ Ko xbc bjma'

2 Ucc bxxv4))|||/cbviomkoc/i~l)gcgnc~u)>66


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ecmmu xbc cmcex~iebcgkejm ~cjexkiou xj`c vmjec io koc~x ej~nio acmx vim{gc~ eigviukxccmcex~ihcu a~ig |bkeb es~~cox gj{ nc such xi ebj~lc i~ hkuebj~lc xbc njxxc~{/

Akls~c L'54 Q^N Xceboimil{

Xbc ivco ek~eskx ecmm ku a~ig :/5 xi :/1 Q |bco asmm{ ebj~lch joh xbc uxje` ku eioocexch kouc~kcu xi jebkcqc xbc hcuk~ch qimxjlc/ Xbc ~cmjxkqcm{ ajux ebcgkejm ~cjexkiou jmmi| bklbcaakekcoekcu xi nc jebkcqch |kxbisx eiuxm{ ejxjm{uxu/ Jeei~hkol xi xbc gjosajexs~c~- Q^Nu{uxcgu xcoh xi bjqc bklb caakekcoe{- miol e{emc mkac- cjuc ia uejmjnkmkx{ joh oclmklknmccoqk~iogcoxjm kgvjex/

U{uxcgu bjqc j ~isoh x~kv caakekcoe{ ia ncx|cco 13'6 vc~ecox ia xbc vcj` ~jxch isxvsx |ju such/ Ju j Q^N u{uxcgejo hcmkqc~ :36 vc~ecox ia ~jxch vi|c~ ai~ ubi~x hs~jxkiou "vsmucu+- j 8G\- :/3 bis~ u{uxcg|ju ebiuco ai~ xbc 5> G\ |kohaj~g/ Ju xbc crjex Uxjxc ia Ebj~lc "UIE+ ia xbc u{uxcg

sohc~ mijh |ju eiouxjoxm{ giokxi~ch qkj xbc cmcex~im{xc mcqcmu- xbku u{uxcg jqikhch xbcvixcoxkjm sohc~' joh iqc~'ebj~lkol kuuscu juuiekjxch |kxb ixbc~ njxxc~{'njuch coc~l{ u{uxcgu"|bkeb- ko xs~o- koai~gu ugjmmc~ joh gi~c jees~jxc u{uxcg uktkol+/

Nshlcxj~{ v~kekol ~jolcu a~ig (:3/>3G SU ai~ j 8 G\- :1 G\b u{uxcg xi (88G ai~ j:6G\- 16 G\b u{uxcg/ Ju jhhkxkiojm u{uxcg xkgc ku cuucoxkjmm{ mj~lc~ vmjuxke uxi~jlc xjo`uia cmcex~im{xc uimsxkio- l~cjxc~ uxi~jlc ejvjekx{ ku gi~c jaai~hjnmc xbjo bklbc~ vi|c~ isxvsx/\koh ~cuis~ec jqjkmjnkmkx{ ku mcuu ia j ajexi~ ko hcxc~gkokol coc~l{ uxi~jlc ejvjekx{ xbjo ku


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xbc l~kh vcj` hcgjoh v~iakmc/ Ju miol ju l~kh vcj` hcgjoh uxjxkuxkejm hs~jxkio ku mcuu xbjoxbc uxi~jlc ejvjekx{- ak~g ^C ejvjekx{ jx xbc vi|c~ ia xbc Q^N u{uxcg ku jebkcqch/

L/> Vsgvch uxi~jlc ajekmkxkcuSxkmktkol a~cub |jxc~- vsgvch b{h~i bju ncco ko suc ukoec xbc :2;6u ko Cs~ivc/ Xbcebj~lkol v~iecuu ejo nc xbislbx ia ju j b{h~i xs~nkoc ko ~cqc~uc- joh kohcch uigc hjgu joh~cuc~qik~u j~c hcukloch |kxb xbku ejvjnkmkx{ ko gkoh "xbck~ lcoc~jxi~u nceigc vsgvu+/Ucj|jxc~ bju jmui ncco such ju xbc mi|c~ uxi~jlc ~cuc~qik~- ju |kxb xbc 56 G\ [jonj~sajekmkx{ ko :;;;/ Jnisx ;6 L\- i~ 5 vc~ecox ia xbc lminjm lcoc~jxkio ejvjekx{- ku jqjkmjnmcxb~islb crkuxkol vsgvch uxi~jlc u{uxcgu/

Jhqjoxjlcu ia xbku gcxbih j~c xbjx kx ku jqjkmjnmc jx jmgiux jo{ uejmc xbjx ku occhch- bju jmiol e{emc mkac joh bklb caakekcoe{ "


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v~il~jg |ismh gkxkljxc joh uxjnkmktc xbc kox~ihsexkio ia koxc~gkxxcox ^C lcoc~jxkio xi xbcl~kh/

L/3 \koh Vi|c~ Ai~cejuxkolIaa ubi~c |koh uxjxkiou gj{ nc kouxjmmch xi jex ju jhqjoec v~chkexi~u ai~ ebjolcu ko |kohcoc~l{ isxvsx/ Xbku xcebokzsc v~iqkhcu usaakekcox |j~okol xi l~jhsjmm{ ~jgv sv vcj`kolvmjoxu xi eigvcoujxc ai~ qj~kjnkmkx{ ko |koh ~cuis~ec jqjkmjnkmkx{/ Sukol |koh uvcch ucoui~u"jocgigcxc~u+ miejxch usaakekcoxm{ aj~ sv|koh ia xbc |koh aj~gu |ismh v~iqkhc j qc~{ uxjnmceiox~knsxkio ai~ |koh coc~l{ xi xbc l~kh/

Ai~ gi~c xbjo j ac| gkosxcu ia ai~cejuxkol xbc~c j~c xbk~h vj~x{ uc~qkecu jqjkmjnmc/ XbcJmnc~xj Cmcex~ke U{uxcg Ivc~jxi~ "JCUI+ ko Jmnc~xj- Ejojhj ~cecoxm{ eiox~jexch Hcogj~`'njuch |koh ai~cejuxkol eigvjo{ \CV^IL xi v~iqkhc ecox~jmktch |koh vi|c~ ai~cejuxu ai~Jmnc~xj/ Xbc ai~cejuxu- ~jolkol a~ig :6 gkosxcu xi :88 bis~u ko jhqjoec- |kmm nc such n{qj~kisu l~isvu |kxbko JCUI xi koe~cjuc xbc ~cmkjnkmkx{ ia xbc l~kh/ \koh es~~coxm{ ~cv~cucoxujnisx 8/8 vc~ecox ia xbc :>-


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uvcekakejmm{ v~cemshc xbcuc `kohu ia eioocexkiou hsc xi xbc ~czsk~cgcox xi v~cqcoxcoc~lktjxkio ia xbc l~kh hs~kol gjkoxcojoec vc~kihu/ Kx |ismh nc ocecuuj~{ xi v~iqkhc jokumjohkol asoexkio joh xbc ei~~cuviohkol v~ixcexkiou- joh ujacx{ v~ixieimu xi vc~gkx xbkugihc ia ivc~jxkio/ Kumjohkol ku j ajk~m{ eiggio ivc~jxkol gihc ai~ ucma'lcoc~jxi~u johkohsux~kjm jvvmkejxkiou |bc~c eioxkosisu v~ihsexkio ku ~czsk~ch hs~kol l~kh isxjlcu/ Ka xbc~c

ku j hcgjoh ai~ xbku ivc~jxkol gihc- xbco xbc ~czsk~cgcoxu ubismh nc jvvcohch xi xbces~~cox koxc~'eioocexkio ~clsmjxkiou ioec xbc Vkmix V~il~jg ai~ xbc ak~ux kgvmcgcoxjxkiou kueigvmcxch/


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Jvvcohkr B4 Vixcoxkjm Coc~l{ Caakekcoe{ XceboimilkcuKo xbku Jvvcohkr- |c hcue~knc Coc~l{ Caakekcoe{ xceboimilkcu- joh crvmjko is~ juusgvxkioujoh gcxbihimil{ ai~ hcxc~gkokol xbck~ vixcoxkjm svxj`c/ \c v~cucox xceboimilkcu n{ x{vc4

MklbxkolEigvjex Amsi~cuecox Mjgvu "EAMu+- X2 Amsi~cuecox Mjgvu |kxbIeesvjoe{ Ucoui~- X3 Bklb Isxvsx Amsi~cuecox Mjgvu- joh Ux~ccx Mklbxkolxceboimilkcu "Gjlocxke Kohsexkio Ux~ccx Mklbxkol- MCH- joh Uimj~ MCH+

Jk~ EiohkxkiokolCaakekcox \kohi| J)E U{uxcgu- joh Caakekcox Uvmkx J)EU{uxcgu

^ca~klc~jxkioCaakekcox ^cukhcoxkjm ^ca~klc~jxi~u- joh Caakekcox ^cxjkm ^ca~klc~jxi~u"~cvmjecgcox ia eiohcoukol sokx+

GcebjokejmV~cgksg Caakekcoe{ Gixi~u- Qj~kjnmc A~czscoe{ H~kqcu- johCaakekcox Ebkmmc~u

Ixbc~ caakekcox jvvmkjoecuMEH Eigvsxc~ Giokxi~u joh Vi|c~ Giokxi~u/Ai~ cjeb CC gcjus~c- |c v~iqkhc j xjnmc xbjx usggj~ktcu kxu `c{ acjxs~cu- joh cuxkgjxchujqkolu eigvj~ch xi j x{vkejm njucmkoc/ Xbc `c{ kxcgu eioxjkoch ko xbc xjnmcu j~c ju aimmi|u4

@c{ acjxs~cu joh cuxkgjxch ujqkolu ia CC gcjus~cu

Jvvmkejnmc ucexi~u Ucexi~u |bc~c xbc CC gcjus~c ejo nc kgvmcgcoxch^cukhcoxkjm-Eiggc~ekjm- Kohsux~kjm- joh Vsnmke

Kouxjmmch ejvjekx{ "ko \jxxu+ Vi|c~ ia xbc gcjus~c

Njucmkoc ~cvmjech Xbc njucmkoc czskvgcox i~ xceboimil{ xbjx |c juusgch xi ejmesmjxccuxkgjxch ujqkolu

Sokx ejvkxjm eiux "ko SU(+ Eiux ia vs~ebjukol joh kouxjmmkol xbc gcjus~c

I!G eiuxu vc~ {cj~ "ko SU(+ Joosjm eiuxu ia ivc~jxkol joh gjkoxjkokol xbc gcjus~c eiuxuiom{eioukhc~ch ka gi~c "i~ mcuu+ xbjo xbc njucmkocu I!G eiuxu

Mkacxkgc "ko {cj~u+ CC gcjus~cu mkacxkgc "|bc~c jvvmkejnmc- useb ju ai~ mklbxkol gcjus~cu-njuch io juusgch xkgc ia suc vc~ hj{ joh vc~ {cj~+

Coc~l{ ujqkolu vc~ {cj~ "ko `\bjoh ko vc~ecoxjlc+

[cj~m{ ujqkolu eigvj~ch xi xbc njucmkoc

Akojoekjm ujqkolu vc~ {cj~ "koSU(+

Ocx {cj~m{ ujqkolu eigvj~ch xi xbc njucmkoc- gcjus~ch n{ gsmxkvm{kolxbc ~cukhcoxkjm- oio'~cukhcoxkjm- i~ ux~ccxmklbx xj~kaa juusgvxkiouhcue~knch ko Ucexkio > ia Qimsgc : xi coc~l{ ujqkolu- joh eioukhc~kol

jo{ I!G eiuxu/

Vj{nje` "ko {cj~u+ [cj~u xbjx jo CC gcjus~c xj`cu xi ~ceiqc~ ejvkxjm eiux |kxb {cj~m{ujqkolu "~jxki ia ejvkxjm eiux ko SU( joh {cj~m{ ujqkolu ko SU(+

OVQ iqc~ mkacxkgc "ko SU(+ Ocx V~cucox Qjmsc ia xbc gcjus~c- jx j 1 vc~ecox hkueisox ~jxc

Ujqkolu eiux "ko SU( vc~ `\b+ Eiux ko SU( ecoxu xi ujqc :`\b iqc~ xbc gcjus~cu mkacxkgc- io j OVQnjuku "~jxki ia VQ ia jmm eiuxu joh VQ ia jmm `\b ujqch+


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B/: Mklbxkol gcjus~cuNcmi| |c hcue~knc EAMu- X2 Amsi~cuecox Mjgvu |kxb Ieesvjoe{ Ucoui~- X3 Bklb IsxvsxAmsi~cuecox Mjgvu joh Mch Ux~ccx Mklbxkol/

Eigvjex Amsi~cuecox Mjgvu "EAMu+

EAMu j~c jqjkmjnmc jx gjo{ miejm bj~h|j~c joh mklbxkol usvvmkc~u ko Nj~njhiu/ Xbc{ ~cvmjeceioqcoxkiojm koejohcuecox mjgvu- eigvj~ch xi |bkeb xbc{ iaac~ xbc aimmi|kol jhqjoxjlcu4bklbc~ caakekcoe{ "gi~c vi|c~ eioqc~xch xi mklbx- joh mcuu xi bcjxjvv~irkgjxcm{ >6vc~ecox jljkoux :6 vc~ecox+0 bklbc~ caakeje{ "5'3 gi~c msgco vc~ \jxx- jmmi|kol xi jebkcqcujgc i~ bklbc~ msgk

barbados sustainable energy framework vol ii (appendices), 6-2010

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