bar code presentation,,

7/30/2019 BAR CODE Presentation,,

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presentation on

By: SWATI GUPTA

B.Tech. Sixth Semester(0703321052)Electrical and Electronics Engineering

BARCODE TECHNOLOGY

RAJ KUMAR GOEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


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Introduction of Barcode

Bar Code is a method of automatic identification and data collection.

Bar Code has a series of bars and spaces representing alphanumericalinformation.

Bar Code uses the binary system for coding and decoding. Each barrepresents 1 s and space represent 0 of binary system .

Barcode, also known as Universal Product Code (UPC) Barcode.

Example of the bar code from a 3-liter bottle of Diet Coke

Here the Coke's manufacturer ID is 049000. However, at 2-liter bottle theUPC code is much shorter -- only eight digits total.


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Check Digit

1. Add together the value of all of the digits in odd positions (digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and

11).0 + 5 + 7 + 1 + 4 + 2 = 19

2. Multiply that number by 3.19 * 3 = 57

3. Add together the value of all of the digits in even positions (digits 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10).7 + 6 + 8 + 6 + 1 = 28

4. Add this sum to the value in step 2.57 + 28 = 85

5. Take the number in Step 4. To create the check digit, determine the number that,when added to the number in step 4, is a multiple of 10.85 + 5 = 90

The check digit is therefore 5

The last digit of the UPC code is called a check dig i t.


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Coupon Code

The coupon code is interesting (number system character 5).

The 43000 is Post's manufacturer ID.

The next three digits (186) are called the family code.

The next two digits (70) are a value code.

The final digit is the normal check digit .

When the coupon is scanned the POS computer:

1. Decodes the family code

2. Checks to make sure the customer purchased an item from the family

3. Decodes the value code

4. Sends the discount back to the cash register


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History of UPC Barcode

1952

First patent was issued to Joseph Woodland & Bernard Silver.

1973

Mr. George Laurer of IBM conducted research work and invented a codein rectangular bars.

The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widelyadopted in April 1973.

1974

UPC become the first consumer item ever scanned and that was thebeginning of the bar code world.

1976

UPC led to the adoption of the EAN code format, similar to UPC, inDecember 1976.


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Barcode Technology

Bar Code technology became universally accepted in 1966.

Barcode has three major components

a)Software installed in a computer generates a unique bar code-

the black & white lines which actually represents a uniqueidentification tag.

b)Special bar code printer printed & pasted on product.

c)Bar code reader reads & identifies the unique code & matcheswith the details of product already present in the computer.


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Representation Of Barcode

A barcode is an Optical Machine-Readable representation of data, which

shows the certain data on certain product.

It can be represented in two forms-

a.) 1D or Linear barcode representation.

b.) 2D or Matrix barcode representation.

a.) 1D or Linear representation :if barcode represented data in width ( lines) & the spacing of parallel

lines, then it will be referred to as a 1D or Linear barcode representation

.

b.) 2D or Matrix representation :if the barcode represented in squares, dots, hexagon & other geometric

patterns with in image termed as 2D or Matrix barcode representation.


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1D & 2D Generation Barcode Example

1D BARCODE EXAMPLE :

a.) UPC-A barcode symbol : first & last digit always placed outsidethe symbol to indicate quiet zones that the necessary for barcode

scanners to work properly.

b.) EAN-13 barcode symbol : first digit is always placed outside the

symbol, additionally right quiet indicator (>) is used to indicate quiet

zone, that are necessary for barcode scanner to work properly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EAN-13-5901234123457.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UPC-A-036000291452.png


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Continued

2D BARCODE EXAMPLE :

1.) Boiler plate text as four segment data matrix 2D :

2.) semacode data matrix 2D :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semacode.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lorem_Ipsum.png


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Continued

3.) QR code : Quick Response the most popular 2D barcode in

Japan is promoted by Google .

4.) High Capacity Color Barcode :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WikiQRCode.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WikiQRCode.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:High_Capacity_Color_Barcode.png


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Advantages & Disadvantages of Barcode

Advantages of Barcode:-

1. Speed -- For 12 characters of data, keyboard entry takes 6 seconds.

Scanning a 12 character barcode takes .3 seconds.

2. Accuracy -- The error rate for typing is one substitution error in every 300

characters types. Error rated for barcode range from 1 substitution error in

every 15,000 to 36 trillion characters scanned

Disadvantage Of Barcode

1. Source of additional cost -- The only disadvantage is that data is coded in

the barcode. This can be an additional cost.

However the key to an effective barcode system is to generate the barcode as

cost to the source of the data as possible.


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Barcode Types

Universal Product Code(UPC) and European Article Number (EAN) in general are

the two types of bar codes.

Grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology

for product marking.

There are five versions of UPC & two versions of EAN code. The valid characters

are 0,1,2.9.

Out of five versions of UPC code two versions namely UPC-A and UPC-E are

widely used. Other three versions namely UPC-B, UPC-C and UPC-D are not in

wide use.

Two versions of EAN are EAN-13 and EAN-8.


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Versions of UPC Barcode

There are five versions of UPC

UPC version A It is the basic version of UPC and is usually seen on grocery store items.This is the symbology that encodes 12 digits. Grocery industry formally established UPC asthe standard bar code symbology for product marking.

UPC Version EUPC version E is the next most common version of UPC. It is a zero suppression version ofUPC. The code is smaller because it drops out zeros which would otherwise occur in a

symbol.

Other Versions:-

1. UPC version B is a special version originally developed to handle the National DrugCode and National Health Related Items Code. It allows for 11 digits plus one producttype code. This version does not have any modulo check digit.

2. UPC version C is a special code designed to promote industry-wide compatibility. Thecode is 12 digits long with a product type digit and a modulo check sum digit.

3. UPC version D is a variable message length version of UPC. The symbol must containat least 12 digits. The first digit is a product type code. This is followed by 10information carrying digits. The twelfth digit is a modulo check sum, and this isfollowed by a variable number of digits.


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Versions of EAN

There are two versions of EAN

EAN 8EAN-8 is an 8 digit code. EAN-8 has a left hand guard pattern, four odd parity digits,

a center guard pattern, four even parity digits, and a right hand guard pattern. An

EAN-8 bar code has two flag digits, five data digits and one check digit.

EAN 13EAN-13 is a 13 digit code. Standard EAN has 10 numeric characters, 2 or 3 flag

characters which are usually a code for the country of EAN and a check digit. It isidentical to UPC version A. The thirteen digits are divided into three blocks: countrycode, item number, check digit.


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Supported Barcode

Coda bar - both USS and Traditional format supported

Code 128 - full ASCII character set supported Code 25 - also known as Interleaved 2 or 5, supported with and

without check digit

Code 39 - supported with and without check code

Code 93 - full ASCII character set supported

EAN 128 - all application identifiers supported, plus compositecomponent

EAN 13 - including add on and composite component

EAN 8 - including composite component

JAN 13 - variation of EAN 13 used in Japan

JAN 8 - variation of EAN 8 used in Japan UPC A - including add on and composite component

UPC E - including add on and composite component


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UPC vis--vis EAN

Item UPC Version EAN Version

No. of digits 12 (10 digits + 2

overhead digits)

13 (12 digits + 1 overhead

digits)

First overhead digit or

first two characters

Type of Product Country of EAN

Scanning ability UPC scanner cannot

read EAN Symbol

EAN scanner can read UPC

Symbol


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Barcode Applications

Bar Code is essentially used for 100% accurate & speedy data entry.The major applications are

Retail

Manufacturing

Quality control Packing

Ware housing

Service industry such as Courier Industry, Hospital and

Library Management

Export Industry


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