baoduongcokhi.com so luoc tuabin hoikhi

8/8/2019 Baoduongcokhi.com So Luoc Tuabin Hoikhi

1/29


2/29

Tuabin Hoi-tuabin khi

Nc ta hin nay cc khu cng nghip ang pht trin mnh v nhm phc v choi sng nhn dn ngy cng tt hn.V th nc ta ang pht trin nhiu nh mynhit in c cng sut ngy cng ln hn,cng ngh ngy cng tin tin hn.

II.S lc v tuabin hi-kh.

1.Tuabin hi ncKhi nim

Tuabin hi nc hay cn gi l ng c hi nc, trong th nng ca hiban u s chuyn ha thnh ng nng, sau chuyn thnh c nng lm quaybnh cng tc.Cu to

S cu to ca tuabin hi ncy l mt tua bin trc ngang. Dng nc chy qua van np, mi hn lp, v

xon c, y rto quay. tin lp t v i tu, thit b ny c mt cu trc haitr bn l l ht thng ng. B phn phi tua bin gm c nhng b phn sau: B ng np:

B ng np gm c ng, van np, mi hn lp, ng dng nn, v ng khuu, v.v. l phn u tin ca tua bin. Van np ngt dng chy khi tua bin xy ra cc sc khn cp hoc ngng i tu. ng np c b phn hn, vi p sut chu ng vhiu sut thu lc thun li. B phn chnh:Cnh dn hng, lm bng thp khng r, l mt kt cu c hai tr . Np ct pv vng ai, y c v bng thp ZG230-450. B phn phi c cu trc l trtn gin, tin lp t v i tu. C cc cht trt bo v gia thanh chn dngv thanh chn dng t ng. B phn quay

Rto c lp t trn phn m rng ca trc b phn iu chnh vi chm, v cnrto. V rto lm bng thp khng g, chng xm thc tt v c c tnh mi mn. B ng htB ng ht gm c mt thit b np kh, mt ng khuu, v mt ng hnh nn.Thit b np kh c lp gia vng ai y v ng khuu. gim rung thulc v nh hng n kh xm thc, cn phi c thit b np kh v kh b sung tnhin ngoi vng nh danh ca thit b.

2


3/29


Nguyn l hot ng

Thit b tuabin hi gm c:1. L hi 1: trong nc cp di p sut tng ng s chuyn ha

thnh hi bo ha.2. B qu nhit 2: y s lm tng nhit hi ti gi tr cho.3. Tuabin 3: Trong th nng ca hi nc chuyn ha thnh ng

nng, cn ng nng chuyn ha thnh c nng trn trc.4. Bnh ngng 4: Dng lm ngng t hi thot khi tuabin.5. Bm nc ngng 5: bm nc ngng vo h thng gia nhit

hi nhit ( 7&10).6. Bnh kh kh 8: Ch yu kh kh oxi trong nc cp.

7. Bm nc cp 9: bm nc cp vo l hi.8. My pht in 6: pht in.

- qu trnh ngng hi ng p thc hin trong bnh ngng 4, hi sau khithot khi ui tuabin l hi bo ho m, n c y vo bnh ngng nhn nhit ho hi v bin thnh nc

3


4/29


3-3, l qu trnh nn nc, t p sut p2 bnh ngng vo l hi c p sutp1 nh bm cp 1(qu trnh xem l on nhit), n tiu hao mt cng tngng Wp. Thc t WP


5/29


6/29


Cch nng cao hiu sut ca chu trnh:

a) Hiu sut ca chu trnh =W/p = 1-(q2/q1)W :Cng sinh ra ca chu trnh, kJ/kg.q1 :Nhit lng cp vo chu trnh, kJ/kg .Q2 :Nhit lng thi ra, kJ/kg.

Cng sinh ra ca tuabinWt =i1-i2, kJ/kg.

Cng tiu hao ca trong qu trnh nn ca bm WP: WP=i3, - i3 = v*(p3, -p3) = v*(p1-p3 )Cng sinh ra ca chu trnh W W=Wt-Wp =i1-i2-(i3-i3)

Nhit lng cp vo ca chu trnh =W/q1=(i1-i2)/(i1-i3)Sut tiu hao hi d l lng hi cn thit sn xut ra 1kWh in nng:

d =3600/(i1-i2), kg/kWhnu tuabin hi c cng sut l N,Kw th lng hi tiu th s l D=N*d ,kg/hlng hi D ny chnh l hi phi cung cp.

b)cch nng cao hiu sutThay chu trnh Rankin bng chu trnh Cacno tng ng thy r hn khi thaynhit thay i T trn on cp nhit bng nhit tng ng khng i Ttd:t =c =(Ttd Tk) / Tt (1-1)

Vi nhit hi thot Tk v nhit hi nc T0 =const, nu tng p sut banu p0 th nhit hi bo ho tng , Td tng n Ttd1.Theo(1-1) th t tng

Nhit ging l thuyt ca tuabin H0 s tng vi p0 cho n lc ng tiep1tuyn ab vi ng ng nhit t0=const song song on ng p pk=const. Nutip tc tng p0 nhit ging s bt u gim.

Khi nng ap sut ban u p0 vi t0 cho v p sut cui pk=const th lm tng m cui. S gim hiu sut tng i oi ca tuabin lm cho qut b mn, m


7/29


Khi tng p sut mi th cng phi nng cao nhit hi mi. Trn gin T-Skhi tng nhit hi ban u t T0 n T01 s lm tng nhit cp nhit trung

bnh t Ttkn Ttk1.Khi Tk=const tng ng t tng

c). nh hng ca p sut cui

Nu gim ap sut hi thot khi cc thng s ban u p0 v t0 =const s lmnhit ngng t ca hi, tc Tk. T td s gim khng ng k. cho nn khi gim pkth tng hiu nhit trung bnh ca nhit cp v thi ra, tng nhit ging l thuytv tng t ca chu trnh=> Nng cao hiu sut:

Nng cao hiu sut thng qua hi mi:Vi nhit hi thot Tk v nhit hi mi To khng i, nu tng p sut hi

ban u po th nhit hi bo ho s tng, do nhit tng ng cp nhits tng t Tdh n Ttd1 (hnh1). Theo cng thc sau th hiu xut ca chu trnh stng ln. t = t =

T = T d d0 101

1td1

a

e e

T bT

e

T T

c

b

01

td101

1

1

'

'

'

1 2 21

T

S

Hnh1: So snh cc chu trnh l tng vi p sutban u khc nhautrn gin t s.

Nhng cng tng p xut ban u nhit tng ng ca chu trnhT td lc

u tng, sau , do tng phn nhit dng un nc ti nhit bo ho , nhp tng y chm dn , v nu tip tc tng p sut ln na th s lm gim Ttd vhiu qu kinh t ca chu trnh.

Nhit ging l thuyt ca tuabin Ho s cng tng vi po cho n lc ng tiptuyn ab vi ng ng nhit (trn gin i-s) to=const song song vi on ngp Pk =const( hnh 2). Nu tip tc tng po na th nhit ging s bt u gim(hnh 3) . T gin i-s(hnh 3) r rng l entanpi io ca hi mi vi to = const

7


8/29


iu cng l gii c ti sao t hiu sut o cc i khi c p sut hi po caohn so vi lc c nhit ging cc i Ho.

Khi nng p sut ban u po vi nhit to cho v p sut cui pkkhng ith s lm tng m cui ca hi (hnh 1 v hnh 2 ). Nh vy s lm gim hiu

sut trong tng i oi ca tuc bin , lm cho cnh qut b mi mn . m cuikhng dc vt qu 14% . Cho nn khi tng p sut ban u cng cn tng nhit ban u hay l p dng qu trnh nhit trung gian. V d i vi tua bin ngnghi khng c qu nhit trung gian , vi p sut hi mi p o = 3.54 MPa khngc di 500oc

Ni chung l khng th xt vic nng cao hiu sut hi mi ti hiu qu kinh tca chu trnh tch ri vic nng cao nhit hi mi

t = 400 C = contsa

H Hmax

HH

d

0

0

i

s

P = 15 MPa

105 b 2 MP

c0

00

0

0

kp = 4 KPa(t = 28.6 C)

k

0

x= 1

Hnh2: s thay i ca nhit ging l thuyt Ho ty thuc vo p sut ban u khinhit ban u to v p sut cui p k, khng i (ab- ng tip tuyn vi ngng nhit to v song song vi ng ng p pk

Nng cao hiu sut thng qua ca nhit hi mi.nh hng ca nhit hi mi ban u ti hiu sut nhitc thy r trn gin T-S. Tng nhit hi ban u t To n T01 s lm tng nhit cp nhittrung bnht Ttd n Ttd1(hnh4). Khi nhit hi thot Tk gi khng i, tng ng hiu sut nhit cachu trnh tng ln.

8


9/29


0 4 8 12 16 p , MPa0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

0

1500

1600

1700

300

400

500

600

650t =H , kJ/ KG 00

H.K.B.H

300

H,K,B.H400

500

t = 650 C

6000

0t

hnh3: nh hng ca p sut ban u po n nhit ging l thuyt Ho v hiu suttuyt i l tng t vi p sut hi thot khng i pk = 4 kpa (H.K.P.H- hi boha kh )

Hnh4:so snhcc chu trnhnhit l tng cnhit hi bandu khc nhau

trn gin T-SV trong chu

trnh u nhit cp nhittrung bnh Ttdthp hn nhit trung bnh

Ttd1 ca chu trnh sau , cn nhit hi thot ra ca hai chu trnh thi bng nhau,nn hiu sut ca chu trnh sau cao hn chu trnh u .

Nu qu trnh bnh trng kt thc vng hi m th khi nng nhit ban u

ln m ca hi trong cc tng tuc bin cui s gim. Do khi nng cao nhit ban u khng nhng tng hiu sut nhit m hiu sut trong tng i cngtng ln.

Nu tip tc nng nhit ban u ln na , qu trnh bnh trng c l ktthc vng hi qu nhit. Trong trng hp ny nhit ca nhit thi trung bnhtng ln cht t . Nhng v cc ng ng p vng hi qu nhit phn k theohnh qut v pha trn v pha phi, nn nhit cp nhit trung bnh tng nhanh

9

ae e

T

T

b c

Td

dT

T

S1 2 21

1

1

01

0

3

31


10/29


hn nhit ca nhit thi , cho nn hiu sut nhit ca chu trnh cng tng ln.Nh vy l , khi tng nhit ban u ca hi s lm tng hiu sut tuyt i cachu trnh.

Hnh 5: so snh cc chutrnh nhit l tng vi ccp sut cui khc nhau trngin T-S

Nng cao hiu sutthng qua p sutcui: ngng nu gim p

sut hi thot pk khi cc

thng s hi ban u po v tokhng i s lm gim nhitt ca hi , tc l lm gimnhit hi thot Tk . Nhit cp nhit trung bnh Ttd sgim khng ng k . Cho

nn khi gim p sut cui bao gi cng lm tng hiu nhit trung bnh ca nhitcp v nhit thi ra, tng nhit ging l thuyt v tng hiu sut nhit ca chutrnh.iu c th khng nh khi ta nghin cu hai chu trnh nhit ch c p sut cui

khc nhau trn gin T-S (hnh 5). Din tch abcdea (ng vi chu trnh th nht )ln hn din tch abcdea ca chu trnh th hai vi p sut cui cao hn mt ilng bng din tch gch cho aaeea.vy l nhit ging l thuyt ca chu trnhth nht cao hn chu trnh th hai.

- Nng cao h sut nhit ca chu trnh bng cch tng hiu sut nhit giangun nng (nhit cp cho l hi) v ngun lnh (nhit trao cho nc tun hon)V d:

o Tng p sut, nhit hi ban u.o Gim p sut cui (tng chn khng trong bnh ngng).o

p dng gia nhit nc cp.o p dng qu nhit trung gian.- Nng cao hiu sut tng i ca thit b bng cch hon thin cu to ca

tuabin v my pht, ch yu l gim bt cc tn tht trong phn chuyn hi catuabin v gim bt tn tht c cng nh tn tht trong my pht.2.Tuabin khKhi nim:

10

bc

T

d

S1 21 1

S S S

T

T

K1' '

1B

2B

t

K0

Tk

Tk1aa

e


11/29


L loing c nhit, dngrotortrong cht gin n sinh cng l khng kh.ng c gm ba b phn chnh l khi my nn kh (ting Anh: compressor) dngrotor (chuyn ng quay);bung tng p loi h; v khi tuc bin kh rotor.Khi my nn v khi tuc bin c trc c ni vi nhau tuc bin lm quaymy nn.

Gas turbinkh nn a vo bung t, trn vi kh nhin liu v t, khng kh nn nhnc nhit t kh t v gin n -> khng kh gin n s lm quay cc turbines.

11
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_nhi?t&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh?ng_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_n??n_kh??http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bu?ng_??t&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_?p&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu???c_binhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh?ng_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_n??n_kh??http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bu?ng_??t&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_?p&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu???c_binhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_nhi?t&action=edit&redlink=1


12/29


My pht in turbine kh c th c cng sut ti 480 MW.

Nguyn l hot ng ( da vo Chu trnh Brayton)

P - p sut; v - th tch; q - nhit lng; T - Nhit K; s - Entropy

1-2: Nn ng Entropy ti my nn; 2-3: Gia nhit ng p ti bung t;3-4: Gin n sinh cng ng entropy ti tuc bin; 4-1: khp kn chu trnh ng p

bn ngoi mi trngMy nn kh quay lm khng kh t ca ht ca my nn c nn li tng

p sut, trong qu trnh khng ch p sut tng m nhit cng tng (ngoi mun). y l qu trnh tng ni nng khng kh trong my nn. Sau khng khchy qua bung t ti y nhin liu (du) c a vo trn v t mt phnkhng kh, qu trnh chy l qu trnh gia nhitng p trong khng kh b gianhit tng nhit v th tch m khng tng p sut. Th tch khng kh ctng ln rt nhiu v c nhit cao c thi v pha tuc bin vivn tc rt

cao. Tuc bin l khi sinhcng ti y khng kh tin hnh gin n sinhcng: Ninng bin thnh c nng: p sut, nhit v vn tc khng kh gim xung binthnh nng lng c hc di dng m men to chuyn ng quay cho trc tuc

bin. Tuc bin quay s truyn m men quay my nn cho ng c tip tc lm vic.Phn nng lng cn li ca dng kh nng chuyn ng vi vn tc cao tip tcsinh cng c ch tu thuc theo thit k ca tng dng ng c: pht thng ra tophn lc nu l ng c phn lc ca my bay; hoc quaytuc bin t do(khng ni vi my nn kh) sinh cng nng hu dng i vi cc loi ng ctuc bin kh khc.

Cc c im ca ng c tuc bin kh :o ng c rotor: trong ng c ny cc khi cng nng chnh l my nn v

tuc bin ch c chuyn ng quay mt chiu, khc vi ng c piston ckhi cng nng chnh l piston ca xi lanh chuyn ng tnh tin.

o ng c loi h (tuyn kh h): khng kh t li vo ca my nn quabung t v ra khi tuc bin u chy qua khong khng gian h khng c

12
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_?p&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi???t_?????http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th???_t??chhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/??p_su???thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/??p_su???thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V???n_t???chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ph?n_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????ng_c?!_ph???n_l???chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tu?c_bin_t?_do&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Brayton_cycle_vi.svghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_?p&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi???t_?????http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th???_t??chhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/??p_su???thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V???n_t???chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ph?n_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????ng_c?!_ph???n_l???chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tu?c_bin_t?_do&action=edit&redlink=1


13/29


14/29


ly tm theo chiu bn knh, rnh a ly tm c hnh dng thit din n ra(diffuser) s lm gim vn tc chuyn ng tng i ca khng kh ivi rnh a ly tm v lm tng p sut mt cch tng ng (ng nnggim, ni nng tng nh lut bo ton v chuyn ho nng lng).Loi my nn ny c hiu sut cao v mt lot u im khc. Tuy nhin,

vi ng c cng sut ln th s c kch thc theo bn knh ln nn khngthch hp cho my bay; n ch lp t cho cc ng c c nh loi lnhoc lp hn ch cho mt s loi trc thng.

Cc tngrotor ca my nn kh dc trc (cc tng cnh qut quay), y phnStator b d ra nn khng nhn thy cc cnh dn hng trung gian giacc tng l cc cnh c nh gn vostator

o Loi my nn kh thng dng nht trong cc ng c tuc bin kh hngkhng l loi my nn dc trc (ting Anh: axial-flow compressor) v mtkhi lng, hiu sut loi dc trc u km hn my nn kh ly tm nhngc hnh dng thon di hnh x g rt thch hp cho ng c my bay. Trong

loi my nn ny khng kh b cc a cnh qut gia tng vn tc tuyt iv la khng kh chy dc trc trong cc rnh kh gia cc cnh qut. Ccrnh kh ny c hnh dng thit din n ra (diffuser) v lm gim vn tctng i ca khng kh ng thi lm tng p sut. V hiu sut nn caloi cnh qut dc trc khng cao nn my nn phi c nhiu tng cnhqut: khng kh b nn ti mt tng c dn hng v nn tip trong tngk tip. ng c tuc bin kh hin i thng c t 10-20 tng nn kh,gia cc tng cnh qut nn l cc tng cnh dn hng trung giancgn c nh vo stator.

o My nn ly tm dc trc: kt hp tnh cht ca hai loi my nn c bn

trn.

Bung t

14
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thi?t_di?n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuy?n_??ng_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????nh_lu???t_b???o_to?%20n_v?%20_chuy???n_ho?!_n??ng_l?????nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C?nh_d?n_h??ng_trung_gian&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X?_g?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V?n_t?c_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V?n_t?c_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C?nh_d?n_h??ng_trung_gian&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C?nh_d?n_h??ng_trung_gian&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Compressor_Stage_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Compressor_Stage_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thi?t_di?n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuy?n_??ng_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????nh_lu???t_b???o_to?%20n_v?%20_chuy???n_ho?!_n??ng_l?????nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C?nh_d?n_h??ng_trung_gian&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statorhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X?_g?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V?n_t?c_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V?n_t?c_t??ng_??i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C?nh_d?n_h??ng_trung_gian&action=edit&redlink=1


15/29


Cc ng la ca bung t

Bung t ca ng c tuc bin kh l loi ng la h thng l khong 7-10ng c b tr thnh vng trn xung quanh trc ng c pha sau khi nn v

pha trc tuc bin. Mi ng la c mt vi phun nhin liu t mt pha trc.

ng la thng l cc t thp hnh cn (ging nh cc t con nhng) ct so le gi u v c hn vi nhau, ti cc ng hn c rt nhiu cc lnh (ng knh l 0,5-1mm): khng kh ca dng th cp chy t bn ngoi chyqua cc l ny s to thnh cc lp kh lm mt st mt ng la bn trong bov ng la. Ngoi ra trn cc t ca ng la cn c cc l to dng khng khth cp t bn ngoi i vo lm cht gin n sinh cng v lm ngui dng

la nng trc khi i vo tuc bin.Khng kh t my nn gp cc ng la s b chia thnh hai dng kh dng kh

s cp t chy nhin liu dng kh ny khong 30% khi lng kh v dngkh th cp khong 70% lm mt bo v ng la v lm cht gin n sinh cngv ha vo dng la pht lm gim nhit dng la pht khi i vo tuc

bin.

Dng kh s cp i thng vo ng la qua cc khe xoy ti mt trc ng la sto thnh dng xoy trn vi sng nhin liu c phun ra t vi phun nhin liuv c t mi bng bugi(nn in) lc khi ng sau qu trnh chy l lintc khng cn nn in na.

Dng kh th cp chy bao bc bn ngoi ng la, mt phn dng kh ny ivo cc l nh trn mi hn tip gip cc t ng i vo bn trong ng la tothnh lp kh lm mt trn mt trong ca ng la bo v ng la. Phn cn lii vo cc l ln trn cc t ng ha vo dng la pht phn kh ny lmcht gin n sinh cng v gim bt nhit ca dng la pht trc khi i vo

15
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugi&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugi&action=edit&redlink=1


16/29


tuc bin. Ti trung tm dng la pht nhit khong 1500-1600C nhng khi ivo tuc bin nhit ch cn khong t 800-1000C

Mt sau ca ng la h hng thng vung gc vo a cnh tuc bin. Ccu bung t h cho php qu trnh chy, gia nhit trong bung t l qu trnh

ng p: khng kh tng nhit ln rt cao, sinh th tch rt ln, sinh vn tc phtrt cao nhng p sut ti im vo v ra khi bung t l nh nhau (im 2 vim 3 trn th P-v ca chu trnh Brayton) qu trnh chy ng p cho phplung kh nng trong bung t ch pht mnh v pha tuc bin m khng b thingc v pha khi nn kh.

Tuc bin

cc tng cnh tuc bin

Tuc bin l khi sinh cng c ch hot ng theo nguyn tc bin ni nng vng nng ca dng kh nng p sut v vn tc cao thnh c nng c ch didng m men quay cnh tuc bin: ti cnh tuc bin dng kh nng gin n sinhcng. Cc cnh tuc bin khc vi cnh my nn hnh dng thit din rnh kh tituc bin l thit din hi t (converge): vn tc tng i trong rnh kh tng lnlm gim p sut, nhit khng kh.

lm mt cho cnh tuc bin cnh tuc bin s c lm rng v bn trongc dn kh lm mt. Cnh tuc bin l b phn chu ng sut cao nht v l b

phn nhiu ri ro nht: va chu nhit rt cao va quay vi vn tc rt ln nncng ngh ch to tuc bin l tng hp ca cc thnh tu ca nhiu ngnh khoahc nh luyn kim, vt liu, ch to my...

16
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khoa_h?c_luy?n_kim&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h???c_v???t_li???uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khoa_h?c_ch?_t?o_m?y&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Turbine_Stage_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:Turbine_Stage_GE_J79.jpghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khoa_h?c_luy?n_kim&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h???c_v???t_li???uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khoa_h?c_ch?_t?o_m?y&action=edit&redlink=1


17/29


Tuc bin c ni vi my nn kh quay my nn kh v cn c ni vicc ph ti khc. Trong cc ng c my bay thng ch c cc tuc bin ni vimy nn kh m khng c tuc bin t do (khng ni vi my nn), cn ti ccng c vi nhng cng nng khc thng b tr tuc bin t do nng cao hiusut ng c nng cao tnh nng vn hnh ca ng c.

H thng thp p cao p

V mt hiu sut s l tt nht nu mi tng my nn tuc bin quay theo ccvn tc quay khc nhau (tng nn pha ngoi quay chm hn, tng pha trong quaynhanh hn) nhng nh vy s rt phc tp v ch to do m bo hp l vch to v hiu sut ngi ta chia my nn thnh hai khi: my nn thp p (cctng pha trc) v my nn cao p (cc tng pha sau). Tuc bin cng c chiathnh hai khi: tuc bin cao p (cc tng pha trc) v tuc bin thp p (cc tng

pha sau) tuc bin thp p lai my nn thp p, tuc bin cao p lai my nn cao p.

Nh vy hai khi my nn tuc bin ny quay theo cc vn tc gc khc nhau,chng l hai h trc ng trc: trc cao p bn ngoi v trc thp p bn trong.

Phn loi:

ng c tuc bin kh l ng c c s lng nhiu nht v l ng c chnh cangnh hng khng cho my bay, ngoi ra n cn c lp cho cc mc ch khcnh cho cc trm pht in gi cao im hoc cho tu bin cao tc, tu ho, thmch mt s loi xe tng.

a)ng c hng khng :

ng c tuc bin kh cho ngnh hng khng v tnh nng khi lng kchthc c tm quan trng rt ln nn a s l loi ng c c my nn dc trc vc hai khi cao p, thp p. i vi ng c phn lc th ng c c thm cc b

phn cc k quan trng l phu pht v bung t tng lc.

ng c tuc bin cnh qut

17
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_tu?c_bin_c?nh_qu?t&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_tu?c_bin_c?nh_qu?t&action=edit&redlink=1


18/29


S ng c tuc bin cnh qut:1: Cnh qut y chnh; 2: Hp s gim tc; 3: ng c tuc bin kh

y l loi ng c tuc bin kh lai cnh qut to lc y cho my bay(ting Anh: Turbo Propellervit tt Turboprop). ng c loi ny c hiu sutcao nht nn tnh kinh t cao nht trong cc loi ng c tuc bin ca hng khng,nhng v c im lc y cnh qut nn loi ng c ny cho vn tc thp nhtdo loi ny chuyn lp cho ccmy bay vn ti khe, cn tnh kinh t caonhng khng cn vn tc ln, in hnh nh loi my bay vn ti Lockheed C-130 Hercules ca M.

Cnh qut c ni vo trc my nn kh p thp qua hp s gim tc. cim ca loi ng c ny l tuc bin ca ng c va lai my nn va lai tichnh l cnh qut nn phi thit k tuc bin sao cho s dng c ht nng lng

ca dng kh nng sau bung t. Vi loi ng c ny, dng kh sau khi ra khituc bin c vn tc cn rt thp, nhit , p sut gn cn bng vi mi trng.

V cnh qut ni thng vi my nn kh nn khi thay i tc s nh hngnhiu n ch lm vic ca my nn v ton b ng c nn tnh linh hot caloi ng c ny khng tt (hiu sut gim khi gim cng sut, tc ).

Loi ny cng trang b chotrc thngm men quay c truyn qua hp sv chuyn hng quay cnh qut nng nm ngang (ting Anh: Turbo Shaft).

ng c tuc bin phn lc

18
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_v???n_t???ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_C-130_Hercules&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_C-130_Hercules&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M???http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr???c_th??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr???c_th??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????ng_c?!_tu???c_bin_ph???n_l???chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TVD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TVD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_v???n_t???ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_C-130_Hercules&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_C-130_Hercules&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M???http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr???c_th??nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/?????ng_c?!_tu???c_bin_ph???n_l???c


19/29


S ng c tuc bin phn lc:1: Ca thu kh; 2: My nn; 3: bung t; 4: Tuc bin; 5: Phu pht

ng c tuc bin phn lc (ting Anh: turbo-Jetl ng c tuc bin kh dngng nng ca dng kh nng pht thng v pha sau to phn lc y my bay v

pha trc. y l loi ng c trang b cho my bay phn lc nht l cc mybay chin usiu m. Loi ng c ny cho vn tc cao nht trong cc loing c tuc bin ca hng khng nhng tnh kinh t thp nht.

Tuc bin ca loi ng c ny ch khai thc mt phn nng lng dng khnng sau bung t ch lai my nn kh cn phn nng lng cn li dng pht thng vo mi trng to phn lc (chnh v vy hiu sut ca loi ngc ny thp)

Cc loi ng c phn lc phi c thm mt thit b l phu pht lp pha sautuc bin tng tc dng kh. Nu l ng c cho my bay di tc mthanh th phu pht c hnh hi t (converge) cn i vi my bay siu m th pdng phu pht siu m (hi t n rng hay cn gi l phu pht De Laval theo

tn nh k thut ngiH Lan).o ng c tuc bin phn lc c bung t tng lc

L mt loi ca ng c tuc bin phn lc dng cho cc my bay chin u caotc nht l cc my bay tim kchcn pht trin tc chin u nht thi thtcao. V cu to ng c ny rt ging cc ng c tuc bin phn lc thng thngnhng c thm bung t th cp pha sau tuc bin v pha trc phu pht bungt ny cn gi l bung t tng lc ti bung t ny c cc vi phun nhinliu khi cn tng tc phun thm nhin liu vo bung tng lc t thm tothm lc y phn lc. Khi tng lc hiu sut rt thp v tn rt nhiu nhin liunn my bay ch tng lc trong thi gian ngn nh khi cng kch, b chy hoc cng trnh tn la.

ng c tuc bin hai vin kh

19
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ph?n_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_chi???n_?????uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_chi???n_?????uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Si?u_?m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Si?u_?m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H?%20_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_ti??m_k??chhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_ti??m_k??chhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bu?ng_??t_t?ng_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_tu?c_bin_hai_vi?n_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TRD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TRD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ph?n_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_chi???n_?????uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_chi???n_?????uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Si?u_?m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H?%20_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M?!y_bay_ti??m_k??chhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bu?ng_??t_t?ng_l?c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??ng_c?_tu?c_bin_hai_vi?n_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1


20/29


S ng c tuc bin phn lc hai vin kh:1: Cnh qut ngoi; 2: ng c tuc bin kh; 3: dng kh i bn trong ng c;

4: dng kh i bn ngoi ng c

C ti liu ting Anh gi loi ny l turbofan. y l loi ng c m cc cnhqut tng ngoi cng ca my nn p thp c cu to v kch thc c bit lakhng kh lm hai dng: mt dng i qua ng c (dng s 3 trn hnh v) v mtdng i vng qua ng c to lc y trc tip (dng s 4) v hai dng ny havo nhau ti phu pht v vy ng c c gi l ng c hai vin kh (tingAnh:two-contour turbojet,ting Nga: -). yl phng n trung gian gia ng c tuc bin cnh qut v ng c tuc bin phnlc. i vi loi ng c ny c mt ch s rt quan trng l h s hai vin kh(ting Anh:Bypass ratio) m l t l th tch ca khi kh chy bn ngoi so vikhi kh chy bn trong ng c, (i vi ng tuc bin phn lc thun ty m = 0)ch s cng ln th ng c c hiu sut cng tt v cng ging ng c tuc bincnh qut v vn tc cng thp, h s ny ln hn 2 th khng th pht trin cvn tc siu m. Cn cc ng c siu m c h s m thp hn hoc bng 2.

o ng c phn lc cnh qut

ng c tuc bin phn lc cnh qut:1: cnh qut ngoi; 2: capote (v) ngoi; 3: ng c tuc bin kh; 4: lung kh

phn lc qua bn trong ng c; 5: lung kh to lc y t cnh qut khng quali ng c

C ti liu ting Anh gi loi ng c ny l ng cturbofan nhng c ti liu ligi turbofan l ng c hai vin kh ni chung.

20
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H?_s?_hai_vi?n_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TVRD-schema1.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TVRD-schema1.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TRDD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H??nh:TRDD-schema.pnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Anhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti???ng_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H?_s?_hai_vi?n_kh?&action=edit&redlink=1


21/29


ng c tuc bin phn lc cnh qut l mt phin bn nhnh ca ng c haivin kh trong cnh qut ngoi nm hn ra ngoi c bao bng v capotengoi, v ny ngn nn hai dng kh bn ngoi v bn trong ng c khng havo nhau. Nhn bn ngoi rt d nhn ra loi ng c ny v v capote ngoi nyngn to thnh 2 lp v git cp.

y l ng c c h s m cao thng t 6-10 v nghing v tnh cht ng ccnh qut. Loi ng c ny thng cc my bay hnh khch v vn ti dndng cn tc v tnh kinh t hp l. Cc my bay hnh khch dn dng niting Boeingv Airbus trang b cc ng c ny.

b)ng c c nh

Ngoi ngnh Hng khng ng c tuc bin kh cn c trang b cho mt sloi mc tiu khc v d cho h ng lc ca tu bin cao tc hoc cho mt s

trm pht in gi cao im.V ng c tuc bin kh c hiu sut thp hn ng c diesel nhng c cng

sut rt cao nn ngi ta ch dng loi ng c ny cho mc ch cao im: cctrm pht in tuc bin kh ch pht in vo gi cao im khi yu cu cng sutca cc gi ny cao hn mc trung bnh vi ln nhng thi gian khng lu. Cctu cao tc trang b tuc bin kh cng ch dng ng c ny khi cn pht trin tc ti a ngn hn.

V mt c im rt ni bt ca ng c tuc bin kh ngoi ngnh hng khngl n c tuc bin t do (khng ni vi my nn) lai ph ti chnh. i vi loing c ny cc tuc bin cao p, thp p khng s dng ht tim nng nng lngca dng kh nng sau bung t n ch ly nhu cu quay hai my nn cao pv thp p, cn phn nng lng cn li s tip tc c gin n sinh cng trongcc tng tuc bin t do sinh cng c ch cho ph ti chnh.

Cch nng cao hiu sut ca tuabin kh

Tuabin kh c b tr ti nhng v tr khng i hi cao v yu cu kch thcv khi lng nn tng hiu sut ca cm ng c tuc bin kh ngi ta cn kthp vi cc chu trnh ph nh "ti to" (regeneration), lm lnh kh nn

(intercooling), tn dng nhit kh thi. Cc cm ng c ny thng trang b nnkh li tm c hiu sut cao hn loi dc trc.

V mt c im rt ni bt ca ng c tuc bin kh ngoi ngnh hng khngl n c tuc bin t do (khng ni vi my nn) lai ph ti chnh. i vi loing c ny cc tuc bin cao p, thp p khng s dng ht tim nng nng lngca dng kh nng sau bung t n ch ly nhu cu quay hai my nn cao p

21
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeinghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeinghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus


22/29


v thp p, cn phn nng lng cn li s tip tc c gin n sinh cng trongcc tng tuc bin t do sinh cng c ch cho ph ti chnh.

Hin nay nng cao hiu sut ngi ta thng s dng kt hp tuabin kh vhi ( chu trnh hn hp) . Nhit lng thot ra t tuabin kh c a n l thu

nhit sn xut hi nc chy tuabin hi nc . Hiu sut ca chu trnh hn hpt 60% cao hn hiu sut ca tuabin hi nc ch khong 36%.

S kt hp tuabin hi- kh

MT S HNH NH MINH HO TUABIN

22


23/29


Bo tr v sa cha tuabin

23


24/29


M phng v ni l t tuabin hi nc

24
http://www.udo-leuschner.de/basiswissen/SB105-turbosatz.htm


25/29


Tuabin kh GT10

H thng my pht in s dng bng tuabin nc

25


26/29


26


27/29


Chng IIDNG CHY TRONG CC LOI NG PHUN

1) Dng chy trong ng phun l tng

Pt bo ton nng lng vit cho mt phn t ca dng :

di + d ( 2

2c

) dp + dl = 0

p dng cho 1kg hi nc lu ng n nh khng c trao i nng lng vimi trng bn ngoi :

2

21c -

2

2oc = i0 i1

Tc ca dng ti ca ng phun :

c1 = 2010 )(2 cii +

Nu cht cng tc l kh l tng :

c1 = 201

00 )1(1

2cpv

k

k kk +

Vi =0

1

p

pt s p sut

k s m on nhit

2) ng tng tca)ng tng tc nh dnL ng c tit din nh dn lm nhim v tng tc nu nh tc ca vo cadng cht mi gii nh hn tc m thanh.

Tc ca ra 2

2 = 2121 )(2 + ii

i vi ng tng tc ,thng thng 1 rt b so vi 2

2 = )(2 21 ii Ngi ta cng chng minh c

2 =

k

k

ppvp

kk

1

1

211 )(1(1

2

Trong trng hp mi cht l hi nc hay mt loi kh no th:k = 1,3 : nu l h qu nhitk = 1,135 : nu l hi bo ho khk = 1,035 + 0,1x

27


28/29


Tc ca ra 2 chu nh hng ca tnh cht ca cht mi gii , cc thng sban u ca vo , v ph thuc rt ln vo mc gin n p2/p1 . Nu 2 cngtng th p2 cng gim co ngha l t s p2/p1 phi cng nh.

b)Lu lng qua ng tng tc nh dnTheo iu kin lu ng lin tc v n nh , ti bt k tit din no ca ng thlu lng khi lng ca dng cht mi gii u bng nhau v khng thay itheo thi gian .

G =2

22

v

f

Trong trng hp tng qut:

G = )(2 212

2 iiv

f (J/kg)

G = 211

2 72,44. iif

f ( kJ/kg)

G = 211

2 43,91. iiff ( kcal/kg)

Nu cht mi gii l kh l tng

v2 = v1

k

p

p1

2

1

G = f2

+

k

k

k

p

p

p

p

v

p

k

k1

1

2

2

1

2

1

1 )()(1

2

b) ng tng tc Laval lm cho cht mi gii tng tc t gi tr ban u 1 < a, 2 >a th ngi tadng mt ng hn hp , ng ny bao gm on u c hnh dng nh dn v onsau c hnh dng ln dn . Tit din ma ti c gi tr nh nht trong ton b nggi l c ng.Lu lng qua ng:

Gmax = f2

1

2

1

1 )1

2(.

1

2 ++

k

kv

p

k

k

Ta c Gmin = fmin

1

2

1

1 )

1

2(.

1

2

++

k

kv

p

k

k

Thit k ng tng tc th f2 c tnh:

f2 =

+k

k

k

p

p

p

p

v

p

k

k

G1

1

2

2

1

2

1

1

1

2

28


29/29


baoduongcokhi.com so luoc tuabin hoikhi

Documents