bands political organization and leadership. v.b.modern microcultures v.a.modern folk societies...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
219 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bands
Political Organization and Leadership
![Page 2: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
V.B. Modern Microcultures
V.A. Modern Folk Societies
IIII. States III. Chiefdoms II. Tribes I. Bands
![Page 3: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
I. Bands
• the political organization of foraging groups
![Page 6: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
II. Tribes
• a political group that comprises several bands or lineage groups, each with similar language and lifestyle and occupying a distinct territory
![Page 7: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
III. Chiefdoms
• a political unit of permanently allied tribes and villages under one recognized leader
![Page 9: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
IIII. States
• a centralized political unit encompassing many communities and possessing coercive power
![Page 11: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
V.A. Modern Folk Societies• a social type of rural
farmer associated with preindustrial civilization, dominated by the city and its culture but marginal to both
![Page 13: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
V.B. Modern Microcultures
• a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior and thinking found within larger cultures such as ethnic groups, and institutional cultures
![Page 15: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
I. Bands
• the political organization of foraging groups
• small groups of households, between twenty and a few hundred people at most
• related through kinship
![Page 18: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Band Societies
![Page 19: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hunting / Gathering
99% of human’s time has been
that of a hunter-gatherer
![Page 20: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ascent to Civilization, p. 10.10, 000 B.C. – 100 % Foragers
![Page 21: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ascent to Civilization, p. 10.A.D. 1500 – 1 % Foragers
![Page 22: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ascent to Civilization, p. 11.A.D. 1982 – < 0.001 % Foragers
![Page 23: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Until the mid-1980s the !Kung model of the foraging lifeway dominated the band paradigm
(Science, May 1988)
Band Societies
![Page 27: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Map 12-3
![Page 29: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Anthropologists no longer take the !Kung as the model of pre-
agricultural band societies
Band Societies
![Page 30: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Anthropologists now recognize a much greater variability
among foraging bands
(Science, May 1988)
Band Societies
![Page 31: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Band Societies
But The Desert People are not hunters
The Hunters are hunters, for example . . .
![Page 32: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Desert People
Pfeiffer, Ch. 15
The Hunters
Pfeiffer, Ch. 16
Band Societies
![Page 34: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hunting / Gathering
The Desert People
Australian “aborigines”
The Hunters
“Bushmen”
!Kung San
Khoisan
zhun/twasi
(“ourselves”)
![Page 35: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
desert dwellers
Aborigines of theWestern Australian Desert
!Kung San of theKalahari Desert
![Page 36: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Band Societies
The Desert People
simple material culture
The Hunters
simple material culture
![Page 37: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Band Societies
• The households come together at certain times of the year, depending on their foraging patterns and ritual schedule
![Page 38: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Band Societies
Moving puts a premium
on multi-purpose tools
e.g., digging stick, blade tools . . .
![Page 39: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hunting / Gathering
While foraging groups are usually bilineal in descent and
inheritance, some early hunting groups may have been
patrilineal bands . . .
![Page 40: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hunting / GatheringHunting / Gathering
•The Desert People
•“band” society
•The Hunters
•“band” society
and many hunting band societiesare still patrilineal
![Page 41: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
patrilineal kinship
Hunting / GatheringHunting / Gathering
![Page 42: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hunting / GatheringHunting / Gathering
patrilineal kinship
![Page 43: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hunting / GatheringHunting / Gathering
patrilocal residence
patrilineal societies are patrilocal
![Page 44: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Band Societies
small groups of families ca. 20 – 50 / group
• simplest level of social organization
![Page 46: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Band Societies
20 – 500 persons integrated by a shared language and a sense of common identity
exact numbers depend on the carrying capacity of their geographic area
![Page 47: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Band Societies
“magic numbers” are 25 and 500
![Page 48: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Band Societies
External conflict between groups is rare since territories of different bands are widely separated and the population density is low
![Page 49: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Band Societies
Band membership is flexible
Band composition is fluid as people shift residence frequently
![Page 50: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Band Societies
If a person has a serious disagreement with another person or a spouse, one option is to leave that band and join another
![Page 51: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Band Societies
no official leaders leadership is informal leader has no power and only limited
authority position carries no rewards of power or
riches
Leadership is “charismatic”:
![Page 52: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Band Societies
Leadership is based on the quality of the individual’s advice and personality
![Page 53: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Band Societies
Band leaders have limited authority or influence, but no power
![Page 54: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Band Societies
strongly male dominated
but the old people -- male and female -- are respected and are influential
Age and sex generally determine
who will exert influence:
![Page 55: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Band Societies
influence may dissolve or be created in an instant
a person may come to the fore as a leader for specific tasks or events
![Page 56: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Band Societies
status positions are fluid from generation to generation
![Page 57: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Band Societies
There is no social stratification between leaders and followers
![Page 58: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Band Societies
Group decisions are made by consensus
![Page 59: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Band Societies
Political activity in bands involves mainly decision making about migration, food distribution, and interpersonal conflict resolution
![Page 60: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Band Societies
Marriages are through alliances with members of other bands
Video: N!ai, The Story Of A !Kung Woman
![Page 61: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
hunting
Bands are often nomadic
hunting-gathering groups
![Page 62: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
hunting
usually there are male associations
When bands are hunters, male – male relationships
dominate
![Page 63: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
hunting
Difference between
young males and old males
is intensified in hunting societies
![Page 64: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
hunting
Ability to hunt signifies change of status and may be required
for adulthood
![Page 65: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
hunting
Hunting intensifies
differences between sexes . . .
![Page 66: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
hunting
Hunting creates a “male world”
and a “world of the women and children”
![Page 67: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
hunting
Hunting increases the division of labor between sexes
![Page 68: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
hunting
But hunting thus also creates more need for
cooperating between sexes
![Page 69: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
hunting
In hunting societies, sharing becomes important
for survival
![Page 70: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
hunting
Females specialize
in collecting
![Page 71: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
hunting
75 % of “hunters”
rely more heavily on collecting
than on hunting
(Martin and Voorhies, 1975)
![Page 72: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
hunting
In the Gibson Desert, for e.g.,
90 % of the time
women furnish at least
80 % of the food
![Page 73: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
hunting
In hunting societies
females stay
in the home base more
![Page 74: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
hunting
Female division of labor
by age
![Page 75: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
hunting
Home base
changes socialization patterns
![Page 76: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
hunting
Delayed maturity is related to home base
emphasis is placed on learning
![Page 77: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
hunting
From the child’s point of viewthe home base
= a self-contained world
![Page 78: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
hunting
Home base
allows sick to survive
![Page 79: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 117.
Paleopathologists Wil Salo (left) and Art Aufderheide (right).
![Page 80: Bands Political Organization and Leadership. V.B.Modern Microcultures V.A.Modern Folk Societies IIII.States III.Chiefdoms II.Tribes I.Bands](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4e5503460f94a2e31f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Political Organization and Leadership
V.B. Modern Microcultures
V.A. Modern Folk Societies
IIII. States III. Chiefdoms II. Tribes I. Bands