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Hotel JS Luwansa Kuningan Jakarta 11 September 2013

Disampaikan dalam Lokakarya RPJM Sektor Transportasi 2015 – 2019 Kerja sama BAPPENAS - IndII

BANDAR UDARA SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG INDUSTRI PENERBANGAN NASIONAL DALAM ERA GLOBALISASI

DAN ASEAN OPEN SKY

Wismono NitidihardjoKepala Bidang Riset INACA

UNDERSTANDING AIRLINE

Karakteristik Industri Transportasi Udara

• Industri global dan terbesar di dunia• Tingkat perubahan sangat cepat• Pertumbuhan industri yang dinamis• Inovatif dalam persaingan• Margin keuntungan yang rendah atau bahkan negatif

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Airline Operating EnvironmentAirline Controlled : Routes Schedules A/C type Marketing programs

Beyond Airline’s Control : Market growth Competition Costs Fares

Traditional AirlineAirlines are self-sufficient, with most functions/services provided internally Engineering

Sales & Distribution

Revenue Accounting

Cargo

Ground HandlingInformatics

In Flight catering

Flighht Operation

AIRLINES

Virtual AirlineAirlines outsource some or most functions/services Engineering

Sales & Distribution

Revenue Accounting

Cargo

Ground HandlingInformatics

In Flight catering

Flighht Operation

CccFlight Operation

Core Airline

Aviation Business ModelAirlines have some business units that support the passenger core, but generate most revenue from external clients

Engineering

Sales & Distribution

Revenue Accounting

Cargo

Ground HandlingInformatics

In Flight catering

Flighht Operation

AIRLINES

CccFlight Operation

Core Airline

Service Flow

Pre – Flight In – Flight Post - Flight

Reservations In-Flight Service Baggage Handling

Ticketing Transfer Service Surface Service

Check-in

Greeting Service

Airline Profitability

Airline business is a high risk business

Low profit margin High capital High technology High competition

About the Airport

Catchment Area Airport Access Airport Capacity No. of Cities served No. of Airlines serving Connectivity Future Development

Airport Access

Access by road Access by rail Parking Area

Airport Capacity

Runway Capacity Terminal Capacity Growth Rate of Movements Growth Rate of Passenger

Number of Cities Served

World-wide / Long Haul International Domestic

Number of Airlines Serving

International Airlines Domestic Airlines

Connectivity

MCT (Minimum Connecting Time) and its comparison with other airport

International – InternationalDomestic - DomesticInternational – DomesticDomestic - International

Future Developments

Runways Terminal Access Facilities Pax and Cargo Forcast

Number of Cities Served

World-wide / Long Haul International Domestic

Potential of Catchment Area

National GDP, Catchment area GDP, GDP per Capita, Inflation rate, Disposable Income, etc.

List of Big/Well known Companies Famous Sights and Tourist/leisures attractions International Communities (Japanese, American,

Korean Community, etc) Events/International events, e.g. Olympic games,

World Cup, International Exhibitions/Fairs

ASEAN Open Skies Policy Principles

• 3rd , 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th freedom of the air are exchanged• Multi designation systems• No frequency and capacity restrictions• Tariffs – Double disapproval• Airline ownership rules : flexibility • Gradual removal of restrictions on pricing and route

rights• As from 2015, restriction on route rights in principle to

be removed• No Market Access Restrictions ( all points)

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Open Sky adalah LIBERALISASI

Hubungan kausalitas antara Liberalisasi Penerbangan (Air Service Liberalization) dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Economic Growth)

Liberalization New and better air services

Traffic growth

Economic growth

Job growth

Alasan Liberalisasi (The rationale for liberalizaation:

Akan memberikan benefit net economic secara keseluruhan bagi negara peserta (participating countries), apabila liberalisasi diberlakukan secara effektif dan apabila berdaya guna dan berhasil guna bagi negara peserta

Ancaman :

Tidak semua penerbangan dari negara peserta akan memperoleh manfaat atau keuntungan, bahkan akan ada yang terpuruk (losers), karena kompetisi sebagai akibat dari liberalisasi sangat tajam..

Peluang :

Flexibilitas operasional penerbangan dalam ikllim liberalisasi air transport (open sky) , memberikan peluang airline menyusun jaringan penerbangan (network) memaksimalkan effesiensi. Ini terutama dinikmati oleh ASEAN Networks Carriers (SQ, MH, TG )

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TRANSPORTATION INSTRUMENTS

ASEAN Multilateral Agreement on The Full Liberalization of Air Freight Services

(MAFLAFS)

ASEAN Multilateral Agreement on Air Services (MAAS)

Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of Traffic Rights among Designated Points in ASEAN)

Cities: Batam, Balikpapan, Biak, Makasar, Manado, Palembang, Pontianak

Protocol 2 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of Traffic Rights among All Points with International

Airports in ASEAN)

Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights within the ASEAN Sub-Region)

Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias, Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado

Protocol 2 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights within the ASEAN Sub-Region)

Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias,Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado

Protocol 3 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)

Cities : Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado

Protocol 4 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)

Cities: Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado

Protocol 5 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights between ASEAN Capital Cities)

Jakarta

Protocol 6 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights between ASEAN Capital Cities)

Jakarta

Source : DGCA

Liberalization ASEAN Air Services

MAFLPAS

ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON THE FULL

LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER AIR SERVICES (MAFLPAS)

PROTOCOL 1 UNLIMITED THIRD AND FOURTH

FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN ANY ASEAN CITIES

Medan, Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar

PROTOCOL 2 UNLIMITED THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH

FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN ANY ASEAN

CITIES

ASAM*

Source : DGCA*ASEAN Single Aviation Market

TRANSPORTATION INSTRUMENT

Roadmap Integration for Pax Air Travel Sectors

ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON AIR SERVICES

(MAAS)

Protokol 1Protokol 2Protokol 3Protokol 4Protokol 5Protokol 6

ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON THE FULL LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER AIR

SERVICES(MAFLPAS

Protokol 1Protokol 2

Has been signed by all 10 member countries , but will take effect after ratification process

TANTANGAN

• Meningkatkan daya saing (pemasaran, distribusi, produk, harga, layanan dan SDM) airlines nasional.

• Kemampuan untuk merespon tekanan pasar dan memanfaatkan peluang

• Kemungkinan terjadi cabotage terselubung atau investment cabotage. • Keterbatasan penyediaan kapasitas oleh airllines nasional untuk memanfaatkan peluang dalam kebijakan open sky

• Meningkatkan faktor keselamatan & keamanan untuk mematuhi standar International / ICAO

PELUANGTerbukanya pasar (Rute) Internasional khususnya antar ASEAN capital

Posisi Geografi Indonesia yang terletak pada bagian paling Selatan, membuka peluang dapat untuk memanfaatkan 5th freedom right. Eg JKT-SIN-BKK, JKT-KUL-BKK

Kebebasan dalam penambahan frekuensi penerbangan , misal

beroperasi dengan 10x daily JKT-BKK vv, JKT-KUL vv

Pemerintah tetap mempertahankan azas cabotage

PELUANG• Pelaksanaan Kebijakan ASEAN Open Skies akan memacu airline nasional

meningkatkan daya saing

• Pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, baik secara nasional maupun kewilayahan (provinsi) dapat dimanfaatkan bagi pengembangan strategi

• Peningkatan Network / Hub & Spoke

• Prinsip cabotage melindungi pasar domestic

• Fleksibilitas operasional didalam kebijakan liberalisasi akan memungkinkan airline men-desain networks nya memaksimalkan effisiensi

ANCAMANOperasional barrier yang belum transparan

Contoh :

- Publikasi ketersedian slot pada setiap Airport khususnya Landing slot, Take off slot, Parking slot, Gate untuk boarding dll

- Publikasi perencanaan ketersediaan infrastruktur, penambahan runway, perluasan terminal dll (penambahan kapasitas)

- Kebijakan dukungan Pemerintah terhadap level playing field sehingga airlines nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah di negara sendiri

- Kebijakan Pemerintah yang lebih memprioriataskan peningkatan ekonomi secara umum, dibanding membangun kekuatan airlines nasional dan infrastruktur pendukungnya.

PERSPEKTIF KESIAPAN DARI SISI AIRLINES

1. OPERASIONAL (FLEET, MAINTENANCE)

2. PEMASARAN

3. PERMODALAN (KEUANGAN)

4. SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA

5. TEKNOLOGI

6. PEMENUHAN STANDAR SAFETY, SECURITY DAN SERVICES (3S + 1C)

Kesimpulan & Rekomendasi Kesiapan dari Sisi Airlines

1. Airline Nasional

Pembenahan pelayanan,teknologi , sdm, dan peningkatan brand Peningkatan safety, security, services dan compliance sesuai standar internasional

2. Regulator

Benchmark regulasi Keterbukaan informasi untuk airline Menerapkan level playing field supaya airline nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah

di negeri sendiri

3. Pemerintah

Keseimbangan kebijakan dalam membangun kekuatan Airline Nasional dan Industri Pendukungnya vs kekuataan Ekonomi secara umum

Airline Nasional akan menikmati keuntungan dalam environment ASEAN Open Skies Policy maupun ASAM, sepanjang mereka memiliki tingkat persaingan yang kuat (sufficiently strong competitive) dan dalam iklim equal level playing field