bamboo for a cleaner world & happier people 2
TRANSCRIPT
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“Help Save the World with Bamboo”
By
Dr. Segundino U. Foronda, Ph.D. Forester, Inventor & Forest Products Specialist
E-mail: [email protected]
Democracy “Mr. 8” Icawalo INBAR Alumnus & Bamboo Advocate
E-mail: [email protected]
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If you don't know that much about bamboo,
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then be ready,
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to fall in love,
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with this miracle grass, because
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Bamboo is a sustainable material that can be used to make a lot of things.
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But bamboo still has other uses the top of which is that it could be one of the best solutions if not the best to
address the climate change problem!
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What is Climate Change?
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• Climate Change refers to any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity or changing levels of Green House Gases (GHGs).
• It describes the short and long term effects on the earth’s climate as a result of human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and vegetation clearing and burning.
• It is also now referred to as GLOBAL WARMING.
CLIMATE CHANGE
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Causes of Climate Change
1. Wanton utilization of fossil fuels
(Power Plants, vehicles, factories, etc)
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2. Deforestation
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Effects of Climate Change
• Pollution of water, air and soil
• Polar ice caps melting
• Negative economic consequences
• Increased extreme weather conditions
• Spread of diseases
• Landscape changes
• Adverse effects on agriculture and food supply
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CO2 Level
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Time Frame
This means that we have up to year 2040 to solve this would be catastrophe if ever!
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As of the first week of May 2013, the latest reading by the Scripps Institution was already
400-ppm.
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“The 400-ppm threshold is a sobering milestone and should
serve as a wake-up call for all of us to support clean energy technology
and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases before it is too
late for our children and grandchildren.”-Tim Lueker of the
Scripps Institution
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July-August 2013 Heat Wave
Dried up pond in Shaogang County, Hunan province after 40 days of no rainfall starting June 20, 2013.
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July-August 2013 Heat Wave
A giant panda in Wuhan, Hubei province lying in ice to cool from extreme summer heat. August 6, 2013.
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July-August 2013 Heat Wave
The 12 m high thermometer in Flaming Mountain, Turpan, Zinjiang Ulghur Autonomous Region with a reading of 78 degrees C. July 30, 2013.
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Europe Heat Wave
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USA Heat Wave
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NASA MANDATE
•Remove 36.85 gigatons of C02 from the atmosphere•Every year for 30 years starting from 2011•To return the earth to balance
•Where to start???
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Only Natural Processes Can Draw Down CO2
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Bamboo Approach to Climate Change
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SOLUTIONS
1. Re-greening with trees and bambooBamboo is more recommended, however, considering its natural characteristics as follows:
- Bamboo absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide compared to trees. It also emits 35% more oxygen. Even in finished products form, it will not release its C02 contents for centuries.
- It is much more sustainable and easier to plant. Unlike trees that need to be planted and
replanted, bamboo can be planted only once and it will be there for life. - Even when burned, it will just grow back unlike trees.
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- Regreens the earth faster than trees.
- Its maximum maturity period is only 5
years while the minimum for some tree
species is 10 years at least.
- Controls erosion along river banks.
- Establishes on depleted soils.
- Restores soil fertility.
- Improves micro-climate bringing needed
rains.
- It is most sustainable. No need for replanting, fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides.
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• 2. Shift from dirty non-
sustainable fossil-based fuel to
clean and sustainable bio-fuel.
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Bio-OilWhat is bio-oil (BO)?
• Not oil in traditional sense
• Liquified biomass, molecular composition resembles the feedstock
• Clean burning, carbon dioxide neutral fuel
• Aka: pyrolysis oil, bio-crude oil
• Can be co-fired in furnaces, boilers, gas turbines, and diesel engines
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Benefits of Bio-Oil• Reduce dependence on fossil fuel• Establish land cover• Reduce GHG emissions• Create jobs• Motivate economic activity in the countryside• Stabilizes rural economies• Save foreign exchange• Cheaper than fossil fuel
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Bio-OilGreen substitute to
conventional fossil fuels
in power generation for
now.
( Soon, for transportation
fuels! )
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Bio-Oil ProcessingFast Pyrolysis
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Products of Fast PyrolysisBio-oil
- Liquified biomass
- Can be stored, pumped and transported
Non-condensable gas
- Re-circulated into the pyrolysis process
Char
- Black powder- Incompletely
combusted biomass
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FEEDSTOCKAny lignocellulosic or cellulosic material,
forestry, agricultural and processing residues like -
• Wood, sawdust, bark, forest slash, waste paper
• Rice straw & husk, corn stalks & cobs, bamboo
• Cellulosic residues from bio-diesel/ bio-ethanol
production, e.g., coco shell & husk, bagasse, etc.
• Poultry litter, animal dung
No competition with food supply!
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Bio-Fuel Crops Compared
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• Indigenous plant species
• Easier to establish than tree species
• High regenerative capacity, even when burned
• High capacity to withstand extreme environmental conditions
• Fast growing and high-biomass yield
• Short maturity period
• Most sustainable
• Co-products:
- Bamboo shoots
- High quality pole segments
Bamboo – Most Favorable Feedstock
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Cost of Bio-Oil“Even more importantly, bio-oil is priced at
$25 - $35 a barrel…” (Zeman, 2007)
Equiv crude oil: US$ 45.45 – 63.64 a barrel
CDM benefits when factored will increase bio-oil’s competitiveness!
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Bamboo BO Plant Capacity
1000 ha plantation = 100TPD BO Facility
Daily BO output = 70-75 TPD
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Moving Forward
Invest in Bamboo Bio-oil Production
and make money!
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Reduce GHG emissions
Protect the environment
Reduce Poverty
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Bio-CoalWhat is bio-coal?• Torrefied biomass• Aka: e-coal, green coal• No smoke/ odor, clean• HHV = 22-26 MJ/kg• Easy to mill, friable• Hydrophobic• Decay resistant
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Benefits of Bio-coal• Stores and handles like fossil coal• Requires no retrofitting for coal-fired plants• Consistent and uniform fuel efficiency • Generates electricity as efficiently as fossil coal • Enables immediate GHG emissions reduction• Fossil coal will emit (+/-) 300% more carbon dioxide
compared to bio-coal• Cost of bio-coal is only (+/-) 40% of the cost of
fossil coal
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Bio-coal ProcessingTorrefaction • 200-300 °C • zero oxygen• (+/-) 30 minutes
Densification• milling/ grinding• pelletizing
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Bio-Coal Recovery Rate
• 70% of biomass at 10% MC.
• 1000 has can produce 60-65 tons of BC daily
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Fossil Fuels Bio-oil & Bio-coal Non-renewable Renewable Grey CO2 (Dirty) Green CO2 (Clean) Not cheap Cheaper than fos- sil fuels
Fossil Fuel vs Bio-Fuel
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Bio-Char
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What is Bio-Char?
• It is a by-product of pyrolisis process
B i o c h a r
s e q u e s t e r s
c a r b o n f r o m
t h e a t m o s p h e r e
v i a c h a r r e d
p l a n t b i o m a s s
i n t h e s o i l f o r
c e n t u r i e s w h i l e
i n c r e a s i n g s o i l
f e r t i l i t y .
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Win-winThis bio-char is put into the soil and does not revert to CO2 for an estimated 1000 years, making bio-fuels carbon negative.
A win-win process that gives us fuel and relieves us of the burden of too much CO2 in the atmosphere.
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Bio-char with Microbes
Inoculating it with locally collected microbes and nutrients, bio-char will make a type of soil that will aid the soil biology in drawing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon.
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Bio-Char for Climate Stabilization
Bio-Char is black gold to climate stabilization.
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Bio-Char Works!
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We need to move
from here
to here!
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Remember, we need to save our world for our children.
Help save the world with bamboo!!!
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Keep this in mind
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Wishing us the best!- Mr.8