Baltic Sea Baltic Sea Regional ProjectRegional Project

Inesis KiInesis Kišškis, World kis, World BankBank

Baltic Sea Environment Baltic Sea Environment ProgramProgram

The Baltic Sea Environment Program is a regional environmental

program that has progressed from “planning” to “implementation.”

Why a Baltic Sea Why a Baltic Sea Environment Program?Environment Program?

Baltic Sea is a source of well being Baltic Sea is a source of well being of 90 million peopleof 90 million people

Since 1950 the environmental Since 1950 the environmental quality of the Baltic Sea has quality of the Baltic Sea has considerably degradedconsiderably degraded

What Triggered What Triggered Degradation?Degradation?

Natural vulnerabilitiesNatural vulnerabilities Semi-enclosed seaSemi-enclosed sea Persistent water stratificationPersistent water stratification Long residence of the water volumeLong residence of the water volume Slow decomposition rateSlow decomposition rate

Human contribution:Human contribution: Large nutrient loadsLarge nutrient loads Accumulation of toxic substancesAccumulation of toxic substances

Prioritization of activitiesPrioritization of activities

One can not do everything at onceOne can not do everything at once 132 “hot spots” identified 132 “hot spots” identified Source-point pollution vs. non-Source-point pollution vs. non-

point pollution: load contribution is point pollution: load contribution is equalequal

Decision: municipal and industrial Decision: municipal and industrial sources are “easier” to start withsources are “easier” to start with

What has been done?What has been done?

A number of water and wastewater A number of water and wastewater facilities in Eastern Baltic cities facilities in Eastern Baltic cities upgradedupgraded

Pollution load significantly reducedPollution load significantly reduced Water companies strengthened Water companies strengthened

institutionallyinstitutionally

Example – Daugavpils, Example – Daugavpils, Latvia Latvia

E ffluen t Load from D aug av p ils to R iv er D augav a

3400

2840

1100

1530

810

80

9301130

145015201730

2334313429393638464855 92

218231207175236205232247288295

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

4 0 0 0

1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1

t/y

E fflue nt lo a d B O D , t/y

E fflue nt lo a d P . t/y

E fflue nt lo a d N , t/y

Example – Klaipeda, Example – Klaipeda, LithuaniaLithuania

Effluent Load, Klaipeda

3035

4122

3205

592

189 181

4902

2722

29853175

3192

918

1210

775 776 763

664

764

350 242228138 111 79 87 96 90 9052

32 230

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

ton

s/y

ea

r

BOD7 t/y

Nitrogen (N) t/y

Phosphorus (P) t/y

What did we learn?What did we learn?

Investment is not the only answer Investment is not the only answer for achieving the goals of the for achieving the goals of the ProgramProgram

Well defined objectives and prioritiesWell defined objectives and priorities Clear policy frameworksClear policy frameworks Institutional strengtheningInstitutional strengthening Well targeted investmentsWell targeted investments

Second Generation of Second Generation of ProjectsProjects

To address the non-point source To address the non-point source pollution:pollution: Rural Environmental Protection Rural Environmental Protection

Project. Project. Baltic Sea Regional ProjectBaltic Sea Regional Project

Objective of the ProjectObjective of the Project

““To To create some preconditions for create some preconditions for application of the ecosystem application of the ecosystem

approach in managing the Baltic approach in managing the Baltic Sea Large Marine Ecosystem in Sea Large Marine Ecosystem in order to achieve and maintain order to achieve and maintain

sustainable biological productivity sustainable biological productivity of the Baltic Sea”of the Baltic Sea”

Goals of the ProjectGoals of the Project

Facilitate strengthening of regional Facilitate strengthening of regional institutions through capacity building effortsinstitutions through capacity building efforts

Develop and apply an ecosystem-based Develop and apply an ecosystem-based management strategy to the BSLMEmanagement strategy to the BSLME

Assess and evaluate the socio-economic Assess and evaluate the socio-economic effects of the ecosystem-based effects of the ecosystem-based management for farming, fishing and management for farming, fishing and coastal communitiescoastal communities

Baltic Sea Regional ProjectBaltic Sea Regional ProjectComponent 1: Large Marine Ecosystem Activities, ICESComponent 1: Large Marine Ecosystem Activities, ICESOrganisationOrganisation

BSSG

C1C, ICESLME-team

Advisory ComEcosystem

Baltic WG:s and SG:s

Advisory ComEnvironment

Advisory ComFisheries

Coordination CenterFisheries

Riga

Coordination CenterEcosystem Health

Gdynia

Coordination CenterGIS DataVilnius

Coordination CenterProductivity

Riga

Coordination CenterSocio-economy

Tallinn

C1AC

Lead LaboratoryICES surveysKaliningrad

Lead LaboratoryCoast fish monit

Tallinn

Lead Laboratoryfish age/stomach

Riga

Lead LaboratoryZooplankton

Gdynia

Lead LaboratorySalmon restor.

Riga

Lead Laboratoryalien species

Klaipeda

Lead LaboratoryBiol. Eff.monit

Gdynia

Lead LaboratoryHistopathology

Kaliningrad

Lead LaboratoryPhytob.monit,

SOOPTallinn

National Laboratories and Institutes

HELCOMIBSFC

Baltic 21WWF

International consultants

Project organizationProject organization Baltic Sea Steering Group

HELCOM

ICES IBSFC

CoordinatorsC1 C2

Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland RussiaCC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL CC, LL, LIU

National Laboratories/authorities International Consultants

Baltic Sea Com.s/WG.s

Advisory ComEcosystem

Advisory ComEnvironment

Advisory ComFisheries

Coordinated EffortCoordinated Effort

HELCOM in Cooperation with IBSFC HELCOM in Cooperation with IBSFC and ICESand ICES

Riparian GovernmentsRiparian Governments Non-Governmental OrganizationsNon-Governmental Organizations Scientific Research InstitutionsScientific Research Institutions Fishermen, Farmers and their Fishermen, Farmers and their

OrganizationsOrganizations Bi- and Multilateral FinanciersBi- and Multilateral Financiers

Duration of the ProjectDuration of the Project

First phase – 2003 - 2005First phase – 2003 - 2005 Phases 2 and 3 may follow if Phase Phases 2 and 3 may follow if Phase

1 is successful1 is successful