“Sustainability and Ground Source Heat Pump Geothermal

Conversion”

Geothermal Conference April 10, 2014

jlowe@BSU.edu 765.285.2805

Ball State University

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives

Storm Water Management • Controlling run-off during construction • Permeable concrete • Sediment basins • Green roof • Street sweeping: 350 tons • Vortex/Storm Structures

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives

Landscape • Bio swells • Vegetative creek banks • Forestation: 8,000 trees • Green spaces • Low maintenance grasses

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives

Transportation • Hybrid electric vehicles: 41 • Flex-fuel vehicles E85 • Shuttle bus operation • B20 biodiesel fuel • Pedestrian friendly campus • Bike parking stalls • Encourage use of webinars and conference calls • Electric vehicle plug in stations

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives

Demand side reduction -T-8, T-5 and LEDS -Natural Lighting -Motion detectors/Occupancy sensors -Heat recovery Units -High efficient motors -Direct digital controls -Variable speed drives -CO2 monitors for outside air intake -Valence Units

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives

Building Construction: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certified: Letterman, Park ,DeHority Hall, Student Wellness, Kinghorn Hall

Gold certified: DESN, Studebaker East Employee/Student Awareness: -BEAT, other student organizations -STARS 2012 “GOLD” -COTE, Faculty/Students/Community -Global Reporting Initiative www.bsu.edu/sustainability Campus Master Plan Underway: Sustainability Bike Paths Design Standards

Heat and Chilled Water Plant Operations Heat Plant: 4 Coal Fired Boilers 3 Natural Gas Fired Boilers 320,000 Lbs/Hr nameplate 240,000 Lbs/Hr current 700,000,000 Lbs/Year Chilled Water Plant: 5 Electrical Centrifugal Chillers 9,300 ton capacity 25,000,000 Ton Hours/Year

20-25% heat loss

Rejected heat

Heat (Steam) Plant

Chilled Water Plant

Chilled Water Plant Renovation

District Energy Station South

Ball State University (4) Coal Fired Boilers Installed 1941/1955

(3) Natural Gas Fired Boilers Installed in the 1970s

Shut off: March 21, 2014 No longer burning coal!

Pollutants/Waste Produced from Burning 36,000 tons of Coal

• Carbon Dioxide 85,000 tons (Global Warming) • Sulfur Dioxide 1,400 tons (Acid Rain) • Nitrogen Oxide 240 tons (Smog) • Particulate Matter 200 tons (Breathing) • Carbon Monoxide 80 tons (Headache) • Multiple Hazardous Air Pollutants now regulated by

EPA’s Boiler MACT rules: Mercury • 3,600 tons of coal ash

Ball State’s Path to Geothermal Replace Coal-Fired Steam Boilers

Contributing Factors Condition: Age 65+ years Capacity: Campus growth Output degraded EPA permit limits EPA : Boiler MACT

Funding State of Indiana: $44.8 M in 2005 (CFB) $33.1M in 2013 USDOE: $5M grant in 2009

*Burn Alternative Fuels: 70/30 *15% more efficient

(CFB)

Cost escalated to $65-$70M by 2008

Concerns about aquifer

Extensive land requirement

Requires least amount of space

Geothermal Process

Borehole Loops Thermal Energy Flow

All horizontal headers at least 5 feet deep

Borehole Design •15 feet apart •225 SF per borehole •400/500 feet deep •Double and Single Loop •1-1/4 inch diameter pipe •High Density Polyethylene

3,600 boreholes (1,000 miles of pipe)

Senator Richard Lugar Geothermal Groundbreaking Ceremony, May 9, 2009

Borehole Drilling

Drilling Rigs Drilling Process

Allowed mud rotary only One borehole/per day/per rig

Borehole Drilling

Borehole Construction

Installation of Pipe Installation of Grout

Allowed different grout mixes Both manual and hydraulic has been used

District Energy Station North

(4) Heat Pump Chillers: R134A Refrigerant Heating: 150 degree F hot water 38,000,000 BTU/Hour Cooling: 42 degree F chilled water 2,500 tons

Hot Water Chilled Water

Ball State’s Ground Source Heat Pump Geothermal System

Chilled Water Hot Water (10 miles)

Borehole Field (1,000 miles)

Typical Hot Water Interface

Steam Heat Exchanger

Air Handler

Air Handler

Air Handler

Pre-heat GSHP Hot Water

Domestic water & snow melt systems

Hot Water Return

Phase 1

Phase 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ball State’s Geothermal System Benefits

Reduction in Emissions • Carbon Dioxide 75,000 tons • Sulfur Dioxide 1,400 tons • Nitrogen Oxide 240 tons • Particulate Matter 200 tons • Carbon Monoxide 80 tons • Coal ash 3,600 tons “Ball State will be able to comply with EPA: Boiler MACT requirements” Other Benefits BTUs per year reduction: 500,000,000,000 BTUs/SF/Year: 185,000 reduced to 110,000 Water reduction: 45,000,000 gallons Dollars Saved: $2,000,000 Jobs created: 2,300 “Nearly all equipment and material used is American made”

Ball State University’s Geothermal Project Visits and Inquiries

Colleges & Universities • Dartmouth College • Stanford University • University of Notre Dame • Ohio State University • University of Iowa • Northern Kentucky University • Colorado College • Slippery Rock University • Hampton University • Pratt Institute • Oakland University • Purdue University • Miami University, Ohio • Cornell University • Toledo University • Bowling Green State/Bowling Green • Wright State/Dayton

• University of Michigan • The Evergreen State College • Northwestern University • University of Illinois • Ohio University • Lake Land College • Indiana University-Purdue University

Indianapolis • DePauw University • University of Washington • Montana State University-Bozeman • Penn State University • University of Kentucky • Indiana State University • Northampton Community College • Colorado State University

Ball State University’s Geothermal Project Visits and Inquiries

Other Organizations • U.S. Department of Energy • Indiana Department of Natural

Resources • Indiana Office of Energy Development • Representatives of Isparta, Turkey • National Wildlife Federation • Union of Concerned Scientists • Building Indiana Magazine • WFYI Indiana Expeditions • The Chronicle for Higher Education • Delta Sky Magazine • Second Nature (2010 Climate Leadership Award)

• Geo Outlook Magazine • Allison Transmission • Waterwell Journal • International District Energy Association • Biz World • The Christian Science Monitor • National Public Radio • Argonne National Laboratory • National Ground Water Association • Hoosier Environmental Council (2010 Technology Innovator of the Year Award) • Waste Management • General Service Administration • Korea: Engineering Firm

Educational/Collaboration Opportunities

• Classroom: Natural Resources, Geology, Architecture, Construction Management

• Research: Geology Department

• Special Projects: Graduate Students

• Tours: Universities/k-12/Design Firms

• Conferences: Geothermal Conference: November 7, 2013 April 10, 2014 www.bsu.edu

WWW.BSU.EDU/WEB/NEWS/GEOTHERMALVIDEO/

“Created by University Communications”