baldwin high school · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s...
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2007 Senior Thesis Presentation
Jeremy Jewart
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
Construction Management Option
Baldwin High School
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Jeremy Jewart
Presentation Outline
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Analysis 1 – Green Roof Design
Project Overview
Research – Costs and Benefits of Providing Green Schools
Analysis 2 – Alternative Window Selection
Summary
Q & A
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Jeremy Jewart
Project Overview
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green RoofDesign
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
► Building NameBaldwin High School
► LocationPittsburgh Pennsylvania
► Size395,667 ft^2
► Total CostBuilding Cost $54.4 million
Soft Cost $10 million
Overall Cost $64 million
Front Elevation
► Function TypeSecondary Education
► Type of FinancingPublic
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Jeremy Jewart
Project Overview
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
► Delivery MethodCM Agent
► OwnerBaldwin-Whitehall School District
► Project TeamCM Agent PJ Dick
Architect HHSDR (Architects & Engineers
GC Yarborough Development Inc
► Sequencing5 Phases
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Project Overview
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
► DurationSept. 2005 – Aug. 2008
► RenovationExisting Structure – Since 193980 % New Construction
► Completed ConstructionPhases 1 & 2
► Phases 1 & 21 New gymnasium,
natatorium, and locker rooms
2 New athletic entranceand classrooms
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
ResearchResearchResearchCost and Benefits of Cost and Benefits of
Green SchoolsGreen Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Motivation for Research
▪ Research directly associated with building type
▪ Design/Construction did not emphasize regard to green buildingpractices
▪ Project had no vision to achieve LEED rating points
▪ 55 million students spend their days in schools that are oftenunhealthy and that restrict their ability to learn
▪ Benefits that a Green School suggests opposed to a ConventionalSchool are overwhelming
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Discouragements of Building Green
Question:Why are executives discouraged from undertaking greenbuilding practices?
Answer:Turner Construction Company’s survey of 665 Senior Executives
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green Schools vs. Conventional Schools
Conventional Schools - have lower design andconstruction costs and higher operational costs
Green Schools - usually have higher design andconstruction costs and lower operational costs Alternate Window
Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green Schools vs. Conventional Schools
Financial Benefits
Life cycle cost savings of adopting green technologies canbe up to 8 times as large as the initial direct cost
▪ Reduced cost of HVAC systems and code compliances
▪ Green roof can avoid the cost of a water retention system
▪ Reduced direct costs of energy consumption ($3/ft^2)
▪ Reduced indirect costs of energy consumption ($6/ft^2)
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green Schools vs. Conventional Schools
Environmental Benefits
Residential, commercial and industrial buildings use about 45% of the nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity
▪ Improved ventilation and air quality
▪ Reduction in emissions and greenhouse gases ($0.53/ft2)
▪ Lower pollution and reduced costs of delivering, transporting, andtreating wastewater
▪ Water usage reductions (32%)
▪ Reduced operation and maintenance costs ($8/ft^2)
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green Schools vs. Conventional Schools
Health and Learning
Children’s health is affected by indoor pollutants, while light and air quality affects their capacity to learn and succeed
▪ 25% reduction in asthma incidence
▪ 51% reduction in cold and flue incidences
▪ 30%-50% less likely to have respiratory problems
▪ 3%-5% improvement in learning and test scores
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Green Schools vs. Conventional Schools
Overall CostsAdvantages for implementing green design into the construction sector of school buildings
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Conclusions
1) Green schools initially cost an average of 2% more ($3/ft2)
2) Green Schools use 1/3 less energy than Conventional Schools
3) Increased benefits in energy reduction, improved healthcare, andincreased learning capacity seem to outweigh initial cost
4) Life-cycle cost benefits can be as high as ($71/ft2)
5) Greening schools is extremely cost-effective, and represents afiscally far better design choice
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Analysis 1Analysis 1Analysis 1Green Roof DesignGreen Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Motivation for Analysis
▪ Acquired knowledge of what green schools have to offer
▪ Parallelism of research topic and design topic
▪ Already incorporated design of “nature” within the schoolbuilding’s construction documents i.e. (interior courtyards)
▪ Completion of phases 1 & 2 added to placement decision
▪ Opportunity to mirror the internal aesthetics that the gym’s skylighting and third floor classroom windows already provide
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Location of Design
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Design Criteria
Extensive Green Roofs▪ Light in weight with soil depths ranging from 3" to 7“
▪ Plants are typically low growing ground cover
▪ Primarily built for their environmental benefits, not for access
Intensive Green Roofs▪ Heavy weight characterized by thick soil depths from 8”-4’
▪ Add considerable load to the structure
▪ Designed to be accessible and can be used as outdoorlaboratories for schools
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (7 Layer System)
A semi- intensive roof draws qualities from both intensive and extensive design criteria
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layer 1) Existing Structural Support
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layers 2-3) Waterproofing Membrane
Product Chosen
Famogreen
Reasoning
▪ Provides root barrier, secondary drainage layer, and waterproofingsystem all in one
▪ One of the most lightweight and easily installed green roofsystems in the industry
▪ Special root resistant polyester with copper film
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layer 4) Insulation
Product Chosen
STYROFOAM® Brand R-5
Reasoning
▪ Cell structure has no voids, which allows for higher compressive strength
▪ When subjected to moisture the product retains its R-value
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layer 5) Drainage Layer
Product Chosen
Oldroyd Green Range
Reasoning
▪ Multi-layer technology allows recycled material to be used
▪ Allows a low slip surface for contractors working on roof
▪ Studs collectively form a rainwater reservoir, providing water for roofplantings
▪ 8 mm diameter perforations allow any excess water to drain away
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layer 6) Growing Medium
Product Chosen
G-Sky Intensive Green Roof System
Reasoning
▪ Soil type and depth is the deciding factor for which types of vegetationto plant
▪ Supports 95% of all plants on the roof environment for decades
▪ Comprised of 100% organic materials
▪ Half the weight of traditional landscape soil or naturally-occurring soil
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Actual Design (Layer 7) Vegetation
Product Chosen
Sedum, Grand, Perennial Plants
Grasses & Low-medium height trees
Reasoning
▪ 16” soil depth allows for a variety of plants to be chosen
▪ Deep soil profiles can support lawns, shrubs and trees
▪ Plant variety encourages a better aesthetic appeal
▪ Plants such as “Sedum” absorb large amounts of water
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Complete Design (7 Layer System)
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Design Sketch (7 Layer System)
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Structural Redesign vs. Initial Design
▪ Extra loading required furtherexamination of existingstructural plan
▪ Separated beam framingplan into 5 bays
54
32
1
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Structural Redesign vs. Initial Design
▪ Used original design todetermine the maximumallowable Moment (ØMN)from the ASTM manual forWide-Flange beams
▪ Worked backwards using theequation [W(l)^2]/8=ØMN, inregard to uniformlydistributed loads on simplebeams
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Structural Redesign vs. Initial Design
![Page 31: Baldwin High School · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity Improved ventilation and air quality Reduction in emissions and greenhouse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052101/603b6b8097eebd08523d5b4a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Structural Redesign vs. Initial Design
![Page 32: Baldwin High School · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity Improved ventilation and air quality Reduction in emissions and greenhouse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052101/603b6b8097eebd08523d5b4a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Structural Redesign vs. Initial Design
![Page 33: Baldwin High School · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity Improved ventilation and air quality Reduction in emissions and greenhouse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052101/603b6b8097eebd08523d5b4a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Upfront Cost
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Feasibility Study
Upfront Cost
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Conclusions
1) Design demonstrates a multitude of learning experiences
2) Material selection takes consideration for both cost and sustainability
3) Components within a green roof can actually benefit the environment justas much as the entire system itself can
4) Benefits of a green roof include a lower cooling load, reduced rooftemperature, and a potentially longer roof membrane life
5) The exact benefits my system will provide from an energy-cost basis arehard to define (Life-cycle dependency)
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Jeremy Jewart
Green Roof Design
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Conclusions
6) A semi-intensive system with low vegetation height adds minimal weightto a building, while also satisfying environmental, educational, andvisual needs
7) Roof live load design increase was not substantial enough to produce astructural redesign
8) The up-front cost increase was (202%) more than the original design cost
9) A 202% cost increase is fairly minimal; when regarding the green design’scontribution (0.2%) to the overall renovation’s $64 million budget
10) Further study has proven that 202% is around the industry average for agreen roof cost increase
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Jeremy Jewart
Analysis 2Analysis 2Analysis 2Alternate Window SelectionAlternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Motivation for Analysis
▪ After conducting research and establishing the principles neededfor my green roof design
▪ Noticed the same trend which currently discouragesimplementation of green building practices (up-front cost)
▪ Led to evaluation of certain materials in my own building whichwere designed solely for the purposes of specificationrequirements and low cost purchasing
▪ Researched how student performance directly correlates to theirindoor environment
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Analysis Detailed
▪ California Energy Commission found that “various windowcharacteristics in classrooms explain variation in studentperformance as much as metrics such as teacher characteristics,number of computers, and attendance rates”
▪ Students in classrooms with the most daylight showed a 21 %improvement in learning rates
Brings to QuestionHow can we provide a window selection that encourages the best performance for students, is environmentally friendly, and sees no upfront cost increase?
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Integrated Criteria to Selection
▪ Theory is to select an energy-efficient window and analyzehow cost effective it may be when compared to a traditionalwindow selection
▪ Used the International Energy Conservation Code’srequirements for my window selection
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Integrated Criteria to Selection
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Window Selection
▪ Selected double-glazed windowbased on U-factor and SHGCvalues which were less than orequal to the values ofClimate Zone 5
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Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Window Selection
Cost Comparison
![Page 44: Baldwin High School · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity Improved ventilation and air quality Reduction in emissions and greenhouse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052101/603b6b8097eebd08523d5b4a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Window Selection
Cost Comparison
![Page 45: Baldwin High School · 2007. 4. 26. · nation’s energy, including about 75% of the nation’s electricity Improved ventilation and air quality Reduction in emissions and greenhouse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052101/603b6b8097eebd08523d5b4a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Jeremy Jewart
Alternate Window Selection
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
Conclusions
1) Selection of a Low-E, more sustainable window, only surmounted a 5%increase in cost
2) You can successfully purchase a traditional estimated bid item for roughlythe same cost as a more environmentally respectable selection
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Jeremy Jewart
Summary
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign
▪ The design and research for this thesis have all been related to theideas of a high performance school building
▪ With the continual education of how green building systems work andthe initiative to make a difference –there seems to be little debate asto “Why not implement?” The only discrepancy, however, is the costaspect of this implementation
▪ The construction industry is continually receiving education on theenvironmental, health, and life-cycle benefits that green buildingsystems can provide.
▪ Currently owners, designers, and contractors are trying tocompromise on the cost aspect of supplying, designing, andimplementing these types of systems
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Jeremy Jewart
Questions?
Construction Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityAE Senior Thesis 2007
Alternate Window Selection
Cost and Benefits of Green Schools
Project Overview
Summary
Q & A
Green RoofDesign