bakic hayden and robert hayden

8/17/2019 Bakic Hayden and Robert Hayden

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Orientalist Variations on the Theme "Balkans": Symbolic Geography in Recent Yugoslav CulturalPoliticsAuthor(s): Milica Bakic-Hayden and Robert M. HaydenSource: Slavic Review, Vol. 51, No. 1 (Spring, 1992), pp. 1-15Published by: Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2500258Accessed: 10-03-2016 10:27 UTC

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2/16

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5/16

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rm n

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u nd r dv o p d po or o u h o n r d w h d v o p d r h n or h

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n o d r Eu ro p n po g og rp hy n w h h u nd p n d p

on p op of ou h rn Europ g y p n Gr w r

on r d o h n du r ou r on u u r o f h n or h

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n d h h d b y Eu ro p n f o rm h r r h y r v d n r m of

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r n hu r h Or h odo xy n d h w r n on W h n h w o

p r h r r hy g n r v d by r gon n h m g n

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g og r ph y d n ng n r v v u f ro m h n or h w h gh

v u o h ou h ow v u n r m of u ur r pr n

on o fd n gu h n gd v u d O h r o n m gh n v o n y

m of n ng or n m n wh h h r x nd ny for h

r gon o v w u ur nd r g on o h ou h nd of mor

o n r v v o rp rm v

A o f h x o fEu ro p n y mb o g o gr ph y n r n Yu

go v who rr ory h n h m ng p of mp r E

r n n d W r nR om n O o m n n d H pbu rg r p C yr n d

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d m nd o dw rpo nd d oog b w n h W r w P

n d NA TO o mm un r un b u u n or h o do x n d n o n g n d A h

v r x o f Eu ro p p rh p u n u y p o b o x p or o m of

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d f n E ur op n r m o f ym bo g o gr p hy n u o n n d x u

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of n u o n nd p r u r y of x u o n r n r o h

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6/16


mor by h p r n of on p r y o r gm h n by ny

o h r f ur P rh p m o mp or n n dmo v b n Yug o v

gr d of po rh o r n h 1980 h r v o vd

round o n ru on h m p r v g d E urop n u f or

o m g ro up n h o un r y wh o nd m n ng o h r b k n o r

b y n n h n n on E ur op n n d O h r

Th o r n d ho omy mbod d n d n on u h h

b w n h nor h rn r pub nd h ou h rn r d n on

h r ng y nough n o b x pr d u v n y b ng

b w n w rn n d rn r pub Th r no u u r y

o rpo y n ur d n on T h y pr v g h p r dom n n y

C h o fo rm r y H pb ur g r r o r o f o v n n dC ro o v r

h p r d o mn n y O r h od ox o r M u m f or m r y O o m n r r o r

n h r of h o un ry r ng y h d p o n h n

o f h p o p o f Yu go v h v n g b n d v o p d b yf or g n

r u r w ho h d d p r d f ro m h v r o u r g o n o ng g o f ro m 18 67

rb o 191 8 Bo n Cro ov n nd h dn v r omp y

o n ur d f w p Mo n n gr o n h n or h w h E ur op n

h r r n d p p r n d v n g o f h H p bu rg m p r r

r d wh h O om nor n b m dfor h of h r

o f h o un r y

L h gor m f v dn w mu n o h h pur

p or d b n f o f H p bu rg r u n d d gr d o n of h O o m n

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O o mn Chr n w r ond n of h Emp r h y n

oy d ub n o u onomy H p burg p n on h o h r

h nd h d v r u yno po r gh ny v 3 un h

b g nn ng of h n n n h n ur y wh n h O o m n n d n h

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wo p n r r f h o n r b w n h d ffu nd d n r

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mp rum Curr n po rh o r r v r h d r p on w

h

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p ro vn h w r d f n d pr m r y n r m of h d om n n n

on g roup on n d w h n h H ow v r p r o f o Yu

go v w r h b ro h r ho od n d u n y o f h Y ug o v p o p

nd h r u y A n m ny o h r mo d rn m u n o n

gr d of f for w pu n o n ur ng o r ymbo ng h

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7/16

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mu u o r n nd u y A of h ngu g nd r p of h

Yugo v n on h d u u h gh fd r p o po on r o

d m o ng h v r o u n o n g r ou p o rd n g o p r d r mn d

h d u h r w r u o f or pr opo r on r p r n o n n go v

r nm n r v n d n h w r dn go fv r ou f d r b n f n d

r n m o un o f p g n r y n d r m on y w m n d r n f or n g

h d o o g y of b ro h r h o od n d u n y

Wh h m g of br oh rh ood w y h d m p on h w r

n o n r y po v p r hp b x mp f d by h y ng h

f w r g oo d o h v br o h r Go dw ou d h v o n h p o

w r o m mu n d o o gy d r w on o n y h p o v o nn o o n o f h

r on hp Th mph w n o r f for h g n r

on h h d fo ugh n dw on h w r b u o f h r x p r n o f

un y n h r r ug g v n h oug h om o f h r ug g h d b n

g n h r own bro hr n wh w v w r w on of

b r o n g n h G rm n n d h r By h 1980 h ow

v r w d y p ub d wo rk b y mp or n n u f gu r x hb

d h f w y f ro m r n g h p o v o nn o o n of br o h r

hood n d n u o nof h p o n onf n h r on hp

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h p r n g n r o n by p o n w h o h d b n b or n du r ng o r

f r h w r n d wh o d dn o h r b k g ro un d of r ug g g n

o m mo n n m

T h n w m g o f h b ro h r n o n o f Yu go v w o n of

m r u hr nd xp o on h o h r r n g h oh r

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f rr d o ov n n h po w r r on r u o n n d m d h

h y h d b n r o bb d o b u d u p h o v n 1 4 w h g ro up o f

n u h rb nA dmy of n r d h rb

h d uff rd y m d r mn o n g n v po nd

onom n r n Yugo v 5 ov n nd Cro on h o h r

h nd o mp n d h h r m on y w g o ng o B g r d n d h

h r on w r b ng dr f d of gh rb b g n h m

o r y A b n n n h r b n p ro v n o f K o ov o 6 Fr om h

n or h r nr pu b b ro h r ho od w u dd n y h r r d bu r

d n nd mpo o n n n h ov n n wr r T r K r mun r

op n L r o rb n Fr n d w h h w p ub h d n 1 987 n

bo h o v n nd r b n w d r u on n w m d

A bro h r bro h r Th u on h ow v r wh h r w n o

v w h my br oh r n h m h ou no nough h h w n

o v w h m P r hp b h nd h b ro h r yf ng h h d d r

1 4 Po p n r b n r v u B g r d p pu b o nn o 14 1 1 Au gu 1 98 9

15 M mor ndum p u o og n om dok um n u ANU D ug B

gr d p u J un 1 989

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8/16


o fr o d Prh p h u nough dm g h h o n do

n o m k m h p py 7

n d d K r m u n r r v r h m g o f b ro h r ho od o f o n

du o r on h p fr om p o v ond o n o n g v r gr v

v n pr m v o n

d r h h r b f m g n n ur b ond w h b ro hr

d on o o n ro m un d r n d h m n d o o gy wh h k

w y my o vr g n y T o m pr f r b o v w h f or g nr

w ho p pr my v n g h b my u ur y p m y u on omy h n

w h br o h rw ho x u h r gh o fpr mo gn u r n d u

p r or u h or y o v r m w h h u o f h o b g o n o f bo od

18

Th r on of h b on d of r dn w oon x nd d o

n ud h on p o f Yugo v ompo d of bro h r

n on b d on h r ommon or g n n d nk d d n Th n

p w o r h o n p of un y f n und r b

m on of h f d rm n o n of h Yugo v n o n To g n

u o K r m un r 1 9

w n o b u n d n n y h ng or w h n y on U n y n o h rw or d

for rror n p of h n r ru ur p r o f rb o y

br o h rh oo d r r or w h h h r y o f h o g n br o h rh oo d

un y p ro po h p r fr om v o y 20 o mm un v ng fr

d om C omm un v ng n m n o o n o mmu n y w h h o

o n dd n g r m n u n d r n d ng wh h p ro d f ro m h

u y of h ub

T h r o nof fr d om n o on n nd vdu y w xp

y x n d d o h v of h n on p o p n rod ompr n g

Y ug o v n on o u db b o un d o h o h r w h o u h v n g f r

d om n d r gh o f d r mn o n mp r d T h r h o r po o n

b m n u y n rm of h f orm ru u r of h Yugo v

n p m b r198 9 wh n h ov n n p r m n p d

of m ndm n o h on u o n h h d h ff of pro m ng

up r or o h f d r on u o n2 1B y h o g o f h p o on

f d r w n d r u u r w r n o b nd ng on n y of h r p ub

wh h o u d n d h oo for h m v wh h r o f o ow h m n

ff h ov n n po on w h h r pub ou d hoo f or

1 7 T r K r m un r P m o r p k om p r u N n 9 A ug u 1 9 87 2 3

1 8 b d

1 9 b d

2 0 n Yugo v n h 1980 v o y r f rr d o ov n n mod

of d m r d non u hor r n o on of pop h on r d o wh

ov n n n u po d h u hor r n mod of Yugo v o mmun m

g D m r R up O d vo n og d o v n o g dr u v Z g r b G ob u 1 9 90 W h h

d m o f h ommun m v o y m o h v o u y nd hu p d

fromu

2 1 R ob r M H y d n C o n u o n E v n n Yu go v 1 98 8 90 F ro m

F d r o n o Co nf d r o n n d P r y F n r p or o h N o n C ou n f or

o v n d E E ur op n R r h u nd r o n r n um b r 80 4 06 2 1 J un 1 9 90




9/16

8 v R v w

f on u wh h ror no w h d o o w h h r

o fYu go v T h p o o nw d vn d w h v h m n b y h n

on gov rnm n d n ov n nd Cro n h pr ng of

1 990 w h h pro m d h r r p v r pub o b ov r gn 2 2

ov r gn y nd d b m h k y o n p f or o m po for

n Yu go v h o w ho w h d o r n fo rm f d r r u ur

w k h ou gh h d b n u nd r h 1 97 4 on u o n 23 n o o nf d

r o no f nd p nd n w h n o fd r u ho r y of n y kn d2 4

n ff h r n for m on wou d m n Yugo v ny h ng

mor h n g ogr ph rm no ong r g o rpo n y

Th n n of h mp d r n f orm on m d wofo d Fr

w ou d h v p o n dp n dn f or p r o fYu go v h

h d no h d h u n m d v m nd hu h v k y

n o n go A h m m h m of h n dp nd n w

o n b h r g on r n g o o n Europ m n ng h E EC

n h k y o h nm n of bo h v o y oppo d

o o mm un m n d p r h p m o m po r n y o no m p r o p r y

T h wo go o ud b m d o mp m n r yby d f nn g h

n or h w r np r o fYu go v d ff r n f ro m h o uh r n

p r m or p r og r v p ro p r ou h r d wo rk n g o r n d m o

r n word Europ n omp r d o h pr m v y n o

r n B k n W r h h r r on o b om p d wou d

b r f r h Yugo v w n mpo b un on of pr no

o ny d pr bu omp y n omp b nd ond h h

n or h w r np r o f h o un r yw r r y p r o f Eur op r

f y p r d by h r m pr o nm n n h B k n T h Eur o n

r p o o n d mor or d r y o r on of h r of

h wor d nd h B k n w h o r h non gn dfor

gn po y h w n r n o f o Yugo v

W o v n h v d f f u y d n fy ng ou r v w h h p ro A n

o rp ro Afr n Yug o v W n no d n f y w h u h Yu go v

o ong w h v h h r r h w h v u rd n hou nd

y r o f h o ry Th ymbo f h h r u r o f h ov n w r

Ch r m gn C h r V nd Npo on mpor n mor

mpor n h w mbod d h w y of f h w r d n n r

w r n E ur o p 2 5

Ap r u r y r m n of h or n po on of h

nor hw foun d n h wor kof v n L m d o o og

22 m r o n u on d o r n w r dv n d rough y h m m by

v r ou r pub n h ov Un on h k ng o n g f d r u hor y w h n

Th p r nno unfo run y b p ur u dh r h ou db r d h ow

v r h h m o n n o nof u nd o nf dr do r n d o h

Am r n v w r Ab rh m L n on F r n u gu r A ddr 1 86 1

2 3 D n n o n Ru n o w Yu go v A F r u r d F d r o n W h n g o n D C W

o n C n r 1 98 8

2 4 R ob r M H y d n A C o nf d r M od f or Y ug o v P p r p r

n d h n nu m n gof h A m r n A o on fo r h Adv n m n o f

v ud W h n g on D C 2 1 O o b r 19 90

2 5 K r m u n r 2 2




10/16


n d o n rbu or o popu r w n f ourn n don o f h

o dv o r o P r d n F r n oT ud m n of Cr o f ro m h

on n Cro n M y19 90 un M r h 1991 n n r n h

Z gr b nw w k yD n n Mr h 1989 L r d h wo

d yp mod of po y m nd u ur h v dv op d

n Yugo v mon on p r y d mo r y nk d r r o r y

w h rb Mon n gro nd M d on h rn mod nd

p ur or p r m n r y d mo r y nk d r r o r y w h

o vn C ro n dBo n H r gov n h w rn mod 6 Th

on r u o np u B o n w h r g Mu m p op u o n n d Or

n u u r p r x n n o h w rn wor d pr u m by for g o

r g r on bu u r yno for u ur o n L d n on

b h n kb w n h ph y g og rp hy of Yu go v n d

h w d r o d w r y mb o g o g r ph y of E ur op n d d n Y ug o

v n mu hof r wh E rn Europ h d v

rn m n h o h n oun Europ 2 7Thu pr on

r f or m o ng r o f h f o rm r o v n n C om mu n P r y n F b

r u r y 19 90 w h d u n d r h o g n E vr op d E ur op n o w

f o v n n dYu go v w r n o r d y p r o fE ur op B u

h n r n gv w o fg o gr ph yw n o o nf n d o o vn n

C ro h our n of h C ro n D mo r Un on r gh w ng

n on p ry h w on h on of 1990 w v o ry h

u m p n

h n u on of Cro n h of n r Europ h r g on

o wh h h w y b ong d x p f or h r n p wh n

b k n m n d h for b y f pro m d n o n r pr n v

h v o n n y u bord n d h Cro n rr ory o n

fo rm of go vr nm n w h h u f d n g r n d pr o o f r n

Cro n h v b n u f d rror m nd v n f m 28

Fo r ho w ho r g rd M rx E ng n dL n n b n g n r E u

r op n y K fk h r kng formu on

n Yugo v ph y y n Europ how v r h u on

mu b r d o wh r r r u d o x ud p r o f h

o un r yf ro m h ymb o o n n n T h n w r m o b h

Eu ro p d o n o n u d h O r ho do x hu r h b y n n u u r

o r h B k n Thu K r mun r r h rb w n v rb o m

v o y o o ng m n n B k n y p h ur h nd

O r ho do xC hr n y 2 9 Wh y h h ou d b o n o p f y

d bu m d u o n o on b w n O r hodox Chr n y

n d u h or r n p o T hu P r J mb r k pr of o ro f o

o o gy o n h w f u y o f h U n v r y o f Lu b n w ho w

2 6 S a v e n L et c a " Vod e m a s e m o d e " D a n as 7 M a r c h 1 98 9

27 SeeTmothyGartonAsh"DoesCentraEuropeExst?" nTheUsesofAdversty

NewYorkVntage1990 "EasternEurope Centra Europe Europe"Daedaus119

no 1 W n r 1 9 90

28 MarkoBarsc "Hrvatskasuverena"G asnkHrvatskedemokratskezaednceno

1 5 6 A ug u 1 9 90 4 E mp h d d d

29 K r m u n r 6




11/16

10 v R v w

p po n d o h C on u o n C ou r of o vn n 19 90 n p p r

n Eng h on Hum nR gh n M u hn Th C of

Yugo v for pr n on o Am r n n d n rn on ud n

r h h r h b n n mp o mpo h gmon r g m

n Yugo v b y h r b nb d o r n mov m n nd h

h u hor r n wou dn m y n k h ood b dom

n d by h p o fo r o f h r yp o Or h odo xC hr n or g n 30

J mb r k L fo r up po r of h p ro po o n h h p o

u ur o f rn Yugo v u hor r n wh h of w rn

Yugo v p ur m r y D m r Rup h n o o ogy

p ro f o r h U n v r y o f Lu b n f ou nd r o f h f r o pp o o n

po p r y n o v n nd d o r of h f r oppo on n w pp r

n Yu go v n d r M n r fo rF or g n Af f r n h D EM O

o on gov rn mn h m o pow r n h 1 990 on n

p pr pr p r d fo r pr n o n o Am r n u d n o n o m r

n po v n n ov n n d nYugo v no d h

h m o v b po n n on m por ry 1 989 Y ugo v r h

r b M o v nd h ov n K u n M o v who o m f rom

n O r h od ox C hr n b k g ro un d n d wh om o m o u rn h v

d n ou rgh f b v n rong rb n run

n o v n K u n whom om o urn h v d h ov n

Go rb h v n dw ho o m fr om Pr o n b k gr oun d n d d

b bou p o p ur m y r or w o go n d h v n pro

m d h P r y o nf ro mp ow r 31

T h o on of Or hodox Ch r n y w h f m n d n r m

n dp ro n m w h po p ur m n d r fo rm n d m p u

by w h G or b h v g r u o u w h n k d o x p n f o ow ng

ur n P bu rg h Ru p o ud no d o o H m o h v n

ud d h p ro n d n f on on y o prov d w r n oun

rp r o or n O r ho do xy n f w o vn n dv r u y n o

Cro r pro n nd h po rh or o f n on ov

n n ommun h b n o po C ho m oun r o

32

ommun m

Th yp of or n rh o r ru ur o found n w

rn n y p r u r y n h m d Ju b f or h ov n n

on N w York T m r r f rr d o h ov n n du r ou

Rom nC h o v who u ur w h p dby n ur p n

u nd r A u r n r u n d o w ho m o u h r n Yu go v w h r h

r g on h r Mu m o r E r nO rh odo x fo r gn o un r y

r n g n d h r n ng 3 3 n m r v n h ou gh n vo v ng o h r

oun r h m r por r C n B oh n xp n d on r v

3 0 P r J mbr k H um n Rgh n Mu hn Th C of Yugo

v n Vo h M ny nd Jn Z onk d Hum nR gh ur y u n

E W R on for h om ng E mph dd d

31 D m r R up om R n P o D v o pm n n ov n nd Yugo

v p p r d v r d U nv r y of P bu rg h 10 O o b r 19 89 E mp h d dd

32 g T n H r br D uh ovn p ro o ov n v n T Hr b r o v n k

d r vn o L u b n C n kr v o b 1 9 89

3 3 N w Y o rk T m 6 A pr 1 99 0 A 8




12/16


v r k n h B k n o ppo d o mo r pr og r v H un gr y

n dC h o ov k b n g n p r d u o r g on T h po pu o n

o f C h o o v k n d Hu ng r y r h r R om n C h o o r Pr o

n bu R om n n nd Bu g r n r for h mo p r E rn

Or hodox mor on r v v r g on h h or y h d

h rv n r h r h n h r v o f h 34 m r y r por r

for h W h ng on Po r d h n h B k n h u hor

r n r d o n o f h d o mn n O r ho do x Ch ur h h v h p d f h o n

n n n on m bu h v n o fo r d p r p o ry d mo r y 3 5

A N w Yo rk T m d o r w Yug o v R om n C h o r p ub

h o un ry m o dv n d n d po y n g h n d r

g o n b u f n g b u y ng f r om b o o f Or h od ox C hr n r

pu b 3 6

Th o on of Rom n C ho m w h ndu r ou n nd

o no m d v o pm n m gh h v ur pr d M x W b r bu m

op un u on d n h wr n g n r g rd o h p u v x

v o on of h O rhodox h ur h w h h ou d

h r y b m or x r m h n h u ppo r of fr d by h C h o

h ur h o Mu o n y h u ng n d pnd n of Cro

1 94 1 45 o r o n m po r ry r n d An d r n y d ff u o

h O r ho do x r d o n m or u ho r r n h n h o fC h o

m T h omp r on r n o o f our m d o d p r g C

ho m bu r h r o po n ou h n h mp omp r on

of d ff r n r g o u r d o n b o h dom nd f or g n h

E r n Or h od ox C hu r h do n o o r v r y h gh y f or r o n h

r no f vd n Wh f vd n hron k of

k no w d g b o u h O r ho do x Ch ur h n d h d f f r n n h r

h o r d v o pm n F o r x mp f gu r o f h r b n Or h od ox

Chur h m uppor d h g ov rn ng y m wh o h r o h

r m o pp o d mu h k d r o f o h r Eu ro p n h ur h n

o hr p P r know dg r mp r pr n on

w h h r h n u d rgum n nd x p n o n

N o n m f ub o or n m Dm r Rup m

o d r n g ood w r nv r n o fn on m n Yugo v w

b d rn on H wr

1 P r m od r n n o n m n on E ur op n n o n A b n n n

K o ov o fg h ng g n f or g n o on d om n o n h n r r

o n w or d of h r d r v n g n db d ng fo r d n d d o o

g

2 M od rn n o n m rb n on m w h r on om

m w h n onom m on f gh n gfor h or r gh for

L b n r um b rn gn g fr d om o o h r n o n o f n ob d

w h f ng of fru r on n dunfu f d n on on

3 Po mod rn n o n m ov n C ro v r E ur op n

n o n n on g gr v n on d f n v n on x p n o n mu

3 4 N w Y or k T m 1 7J un 1 99 0 E

3 5 W h n g o n Po 9 F b r u ry 1 9 90 A 2 2 E mp h d d d

3 6 N w Y o rk T m 4 A pr 1 98 9




13/16

12 v R v w

u u r or n on n on w h h f ng of n o n fu f

m n n d ov r g n y

nYugo v h yp o f n o n m x h m

m h r for n o on d n h om u hor n d vn

po n od y p k b ou W r n nd E rn Yugo v

Th y p of n on m v n h W rn nd E r n Yu

go v r pub o n d w h h r r p v u ur onom nd

p o ru ur 3 7

Th on r h h v rou or n m g k o por ry

w gr ph y r pr n d n r oon n h Cr o n n w w k y

D n h ow ng ro w of f n gd om no h p d E ur op o p

p o d o d om no f n gf ro m h o h r d r o n nd p n g h

w or d By n n w h o r ng do mn o n h o or o f h C r o n

f g ugh b w n h m 38 m r y n h d y f o ow ng n r

n ur r o nb y r b g n h C r o n go vr nm n n p r o f

C ro n wh h h y f orm h m o r y r oon n h Z gr b d y

V n k h o w d C r o n r b ou nd f or E u ro p o pp d b y b o k

d o f r m d un k mp r uff n w r ng r b n p n o vn

f mou ov r of h r yo uh m g n M d n p or r y d r

oo n of o un r y un n md bu w h d n d n gYu go v n

w h h h n or h w m od r n n d pr o p ro u w h h o u h o n n d

v u nd r h wh p of ph r o h r f r n v r u y v r yo n n

Yugo v r d omm n r yon pu v d ff r n b w n

n or h w nd o uh Yugo v

Th on r ng m g h p n o n po f gur n Cro

n d ov n o u fy h n d o br k w y from h B k n

Fur h r h dor on of p o d w rn E ur op w m n o

b u d up po r fo r h p r o n nd p o mo dr nn o n m

m ong h o w ho o un h W T h o n un u r of or n r

ur n dpo pp w m o r y xpr d by h o

vn n M n r of n Dr P r T n g n r n v B T

N ET o o v n n n u h ro ug ho u h w or d o n 29 Ju n 1 99 1

w h h r u h b u d o pr d h ru word bou o

v n o o m r v n n po nd pub op non m kn g

p n yo ur o un r y D r T n g wr o h

h b r o nfor h p / pr n m h n omp b y

o f wo m n f rm o fr f r n / v o n un n ur y n d fo r b y

o n d n Yugo v On on d y ou h v yp v o n nd

rook d or n b n n h r g b x mp f d by rb

nd Mon n g ro On h o h r d ov n Cro h r

mor h umb n dd g n w r n ho r d o n T ry ng o

k p Yugo v f o o vry bd go r g h nk ng

nd p nd n nd w r n d ov n nd Cro ou d nd

wou d ordon n r g n h rn d o f h o

3 7 Rup R n Po D v opm n 7

3 8 D n 4 p m b r 19 90

3 9 Op n r fr om P r T n g M n r of n n dT h no ogy of h

R pub of ov n 29 Jun 1 991 n o ov n n n n h U A o n h

E m n P m Br v n d o u ur yugo v




14/16

Or n V r on on B k n 1 3

Th n u r n of h or n on p of h B k n x

mp f d by u h d p on T h p r of Yugo v h r n o

phy y n h B k n hv b n mp ng o b k n h

oun ry d vd n o m mu u y ho gm n wh

b m ng h d v opm n on h p u v B k n m n y o f ho

w hom h yw h o x u d n d h ffor h b n p d f

v u b y m ny w r no b rv r F u r hr p o n n dp ub

r yn g o o un r h n r n gy x no ph ob n o n m n h v r

o u r g o n o f Yu go v h v w r n d p p r n y u n f o n o u y

h h o un r y w n d n g r of b n g p r v d b y Eu ro p

b k n n gf or n h r g o n

Y h m g of h B k n nd n r E urop n b nv r d

h y r n n p ho r m h r d n B g r d n h u mm r o f 19 88

Th B k n g v h w or d wo gr v on h Gr k n d

B y n n C n r E ur op g v h w or d w o d o og o mm un m

nd f m n Yugo v n Rom n nd o h r oun r on h

m rg n o f w r n Eu ro p 4 0 h m g o f Eu ro p h w y b n

n m bg uo u o n B f o r h o mm un p r o d fo r x m p h r

w dm r on for h du on nd u ur n r o fw rn

Eur op b u o o n rn b ou w h w p r v d h r d d n

L r n on g nm n h n r n o n m ov m n o f wh h Y ug o v

w f ou nd ng m mb r w n o on y m n o o un r m r y nd

onom d om n n mp r m n d o on m b u w o n

n dr r o no fEu ro n r m T h n on g n dm ov m n w

m n o br ng o h n r n o n r n h o w ho un h n h d

no b n h r d hu p rm ng h m o r pr n h m v r h r

h n b n g r pr n d b y o h r

n d d h v w o f E ur op f fo rd d b y h p r p h r y of h

on n n m y b p r u r yr v n gon n dno o ny b u

of r f on o f h Europ n f m g 4 A n h ropo og w

k no w h m r g n o b r v r o f n h mo u o n T ho w ho

r w h n Euro p y r p d y o d h h y r n o r y E uro

p n m y b b r p d o v u h m n ng of h n or h nd

w Europ n on r u o n of f

F rom h p r p v of h B k n m yb po b o v w h

f r v y E ur op n o n of h n on B k n r o fY ug o

v n d d r v n g E ur op n o g b u n o o n w h u n fo rm y

p o v m por A on n u n rb h p u h n o n

m r n g n Yugo v r u n n y C n r Europ n nd

n d mo r H do n o h on rd on Qu o h

o n r r y

4 0 u n G B r o k F un r R pr n o n of Eur op n Hu ng r n

P o R h or Am r n E hn oo g 1 8 n o 3 1 99 1 4 40 58 K h r n V r d ry

Rom n n Europ n r E nd h Po of d n y p pr pr n d

h n nu m n go f h A mr n An h ro po og A o o n Ph on x A Z

No v 19 88 n dV r dr y N o n d o og yu nd r o m d n y n d Cu u r P o n

C u o u Ro mn B r k y U n v r y o f C f or n P r 1 99 1

4 1 M h H r f d A n hr op o og y Th ro ug h h L o ok n g G C r E h no gr p hy n

h M r g n o f E ur op C m b r dg C m br d g U n v r y P r 1 98 7




15/16

14 v R v w

h h f ru u r h r r of Cn r E urop h d om nn

of u ur o vr po bu n o n h n h u onomou

u ur v u on u h pr mry go o fpo v y n Cn

r E urop po r o n y f d ru n o yp of rr

on y h b r h pro v b u ur nd h r by df

f u o r or o d r grd Mo mpor n f or u u r

d n y r ngu g hn d n y f ng of un y p o

v my h f ny of h m n w r o b po d n h

n h for x mp h u on of h b of nd u f on

for b o m fun on of u on of n gu g d n y

wou d d o h d b on of po o nk ng n od ph

n wh h o n of b n nd b om n oh r n And n

h p h w C nr E urop of h u on r p o

d n d no o n y om f w m n o f u u r

Wh Zor nD nd m n m yb n n g v o un r

p r o h x gg r o n of h o w ho v w C n r E ur op n un r

y fvor b rm r n y ru h om of h wor x

of mod rn n r E urop h v b n u f d by r d n d o

pro dom n n n o n And w h ru yE Euro p n n v y

o h x of d o ogy h ov n nwr r M n d n ng

n 1990 w h h n on po of h p o ommun ov n n

gov rnm n r gu d h n on m on y x h ng h d o

o gy of h u nv r b r o n of h w or kn g fo r h d o ogy

of o n o n o vr gn y Th no n n y n m r of

r o n gor bu r h rof ov r gn y v u n f h

h gh v u h o of wh h rr v n 4 3

n h or rm h m n d u o u nd ry On

h o n h n d m u h of o n m p or r y n h ro po o g h o ry r o g

n h u ur nd r d on r on r u d r h r h n found

p r m b r h r h n b ou nd d m u f d r h r h n un fo rm n d

vo vng r hr h n 44 A h m m ud n of n on m

r w w r h h d o ogy of n o n m r u r dop o nof

v w o f h gv nn o n u nh ng ng n n m n u n

for m x p hr n d or po u d by o h r nd of n n n d

o f r o vry o f ru d n y 45 Th d o ogy m y n f b

h g hy E ur op n p r u r y n r E ur op n h ou gh n o u n u y

o n ny v n w r on fron d w h p o or w ho bu d

upp or b y m np u n g u u r f h w o f n k no w o b

m k n Th u o n n u h ho r who ob rv r n

n o f og n v o rp ro f o n d o n n 4 6 On h o h r h nd

4 2 Z or n D n d H r br o d r v B or b 1 8 19 A ug u 1 9 90 D n d

b m d ng fgur n h D m o r P r y n r b n 199 091

43 M n D gr d nk r u ov n vr n D mokr B gr d

1 n o 1 0 1 1 3 A ug u 1 99 0 1 7

4 4 C f fo rd T h P r d m n o f C u u r E r H ob b w m n d T r n R n g r

T h n v n o n o f Tr d o n C m br d g C m br d g U n v r y P r 1 98 3

4 5 B n d A nd r o n m g n d C om mu n L on do n V r o 1 9 83 E r H ob

b w m N o n n d N o n m n 1 78 0 C m br d g C m br d g U n v r y P r

1990

4 6 J on h n p n r Wr n gW h n A n hr op oo gy N o n m n d Cu

u r n r L n k C ur r n A n h r op o og y 31 1 9 9 0 2 8 3 3 00




16/16

Or n V r on on B k n 1 5

xp n n gwhy p op b v h on r u o n on n u o nof

n n hropo og r d on h f go b k f r

M n ow k f r p r of h n hropo og o k n rd

o x p n w hy h n fo rm n b v o m h ng h h o b r v r

k now u n r u Turn ng h p r u r n y n o nEurop

m y b d p r ur b u o n of d gr o f d v o pm n o f h

ub o f u dy r h r h n o f kn d

f w r u rn f n y o Yugo v nd h B k n w m y

o pp or un f or d v o pn g r m of E ur op h m y b u d

o pr op E uro p n on r u o n of f p h m ng n ur n

o f bo un d d n o n n d o w rd r o gn o n of h n r d p n d n y

o f h p o p n dp op o fEu ro p n h r g r d Yu go v p ro

vd n x mp b o hpo v n d ng v n mp on W n

v w rugg f or d n y for Europ own mp o br ng

d v r p o p nd u u r n o ommon po nd onom

ru ur A nd n bo h h o n p of d n y u h h

h o b d fn d How vr h r n gpo n o f h mp

f d f n o n h v b n d ff r n Y ug o v po w r d n y h

b n b u o n o n p o f d o og un fo rm y w h Eu ro p

w r nEu ro p w bu o nmu u d f f r n o n T h p k o f

Y ugo v mu f d r r v h d n y n no ong r

b d f n d h ro ug h h d o o gy o f h p o w r o m mu n r A

h h k nd of un y h f b h nd r d ff r n u ur n

gu r g ou onom Th f h n dd o n o ho d ff r

n h r h v w y b n gn f n ov r pp ng of rr o r

n gu g o r u o m wh h g r n d h o n nu y o fmu u r o n

b ng y m y ng d und r m d or ou rgh d n d

A nd y h xp r n of n dfrom h ov r pp ng r of

f h r v n for n yr d fn o n of Yugo v nd of on

un p r Th r r n o m py h v r ompon n om

p r n g Yu go v n or Y ug o v n m p y f r m wo rk m po d o n

o n u n R h r m nf on of h r n rd pnd n

F ro m h n dp on o f Eur op h r o gn o no f u h n r

d p nd n h h b ro ug h b ou h m ov m n f or E ur op n

n y r gr h n h um of v r p r Yugo v wh h w

r d n r o g n o n of n r d p n dn m 1 91 8 nd 19 43

wh n h o n p o f Europ n n y dd no x w hu h d

of m ron y f no r g y now n d ng r of u u mb ng

o h d o o gy o fb ou nd d n o n h h f or o o ng d rv n E ur o

p n h ou gh T hu h Y ug o v p op o ok ng fo r v o n o n

d d un f dEurop h do no y x m yf v m o h

u on o f v r b n o n h h v w n h n ury d r oy d

h Eur op h h ong x d

bakic hayden and robert hayden

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