baker canoe kayak presentation 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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What studies of elite athletes tell usabout promoting long-term
development
Joe Baker, PhDYork University, Canada
www.yorku.ca/bakerj
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
Experts generally perform more training
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Study 1:Decision-Making
Expert vs. non-expert
B-ball, F-hockey,N-ball
Training history
Hours training
Other sports
Study 2:Endurance
Expert vs.intermediate vs. low
Ironman triathletes
Training history
Hours training
Other sports
Training units
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Baker, Ct, & Abernethy (2003). J App Sport Psych, 15, 12-25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Non-Expert Expert
Accumulated Hours
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Baker, Ct, & Abernethy (2003). J App Sport Psych, 15, 12-25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Non-Expert Expert
Accumulated Hours Hours Before Becoming
'Expert'
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Baker, Ct, & Abernethy (2003). J App Sport Psych, 15, 12-25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Non-Expert Expert
Accumulated Hours Hours Before Becoming
'Expert'
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Range 600-6026 hrs
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174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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11/16/20
174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
7/30
11/16/20
174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
2188-99121390-129848004-19630Range
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
174420963457Running
172520655039Cycling
65420353273Swimming
Hours to Date
Back-PackMid-PackExperts
4123619612558Total
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
2188-99121390-129848004-19630Range
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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11/16/20
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
Experts generally perform more training
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
Experts generally perform more training
Experts training is higher in quality
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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11/16/20
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
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100.00
200.00
300.00
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47Weeks of Training
Training
Units
ExpertsMid-pack
Back-pack
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47Weeks of Training
Training
Units
ExpertsMid-pack
Back-pack
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Days of Training
Training
Units
Mid-pack
Back-pack
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Baker, Ct, & Deakin (2005). J App Sport Psych, 17, 64-78
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Days of Training
Training
Units
ExpertsMid-pack
Back-pack
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
-
7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
11/30
11/16/20
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
Specialization vs. diversification
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Hours of
Training
Baker, Ct, & Abernethy (2003). J App Sport Psych, 15, 12-25
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
Specialization vs. diversification
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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13/30
11/16/20
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
Specialization vs. diversification
Importance of unstructured activity
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Baker, Ct, & Abernethy (2003). J App Sport Psych, 15, 12-25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Non-Expert Expert
Accumulated Hours Hours Before Becoming
'Expert'
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Range = 600-6026 hrs
# Sports = 3-14
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PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS SPECIFIC
PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS
Qualities Developed During This Period
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PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS
Qualities Developed During This Period
Generic Skills/Capabilities
PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS
Qualities Developed During This Period
Generic Skills/Capabilities
General Psychological Skills
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PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS
Qualities Developed During This Period
Generic Skills/Capabilities
General Psychological Skills
Intrinsic Motivation
PRACTICE/TRAINING
GROSS
Qualities Developed During This Period
Generic Skills/Capabilities
General Psychological Skills
Intrinsic Motivation
-
7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
17/30
11/16/20
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
3. Early exposure to essential resources is critical.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
-
7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
18/30
11/16/20
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
3. Early exposure to essential resources is critical.
The Relative Age Effect
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
Relative Age Effect in NHL draftees 2000-2005Baker & Logan, BJSM, 2007
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
Relative Age Effect in NHL draftees 2000-2005
Baker & Logan, BJSM, 2007
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
Relative Age Effect in NHL draftees 2000-2005Baker & Logan, BJSM, 2007
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
Relative Age Effect in NHL draftees 2000-2005
Baker & Logan, BJSM, 2007
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Males Females
1st Half
2nd Half
Effect in Canoe/Kayak National Team
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Relative Age Effect (RAE)
Summary:
RAE has been found in a range of sports ice and fieldhockey, cricket, baseball, football, gymnastics (-)
Possible explanations
1. Older athletes experience more success.
2. Older athletes more likely to be seen as gifted.
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
3. Early exposure to essential resources is critical.
The Relative Age Effect
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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11/16/20
2
We can confidently say:
1. Experts train differently than non-experts.
2. Optimal development occurs when training ismatched to developmental status.
3. Early exposure to essential resources is critical.
The Relative Age Effect
The Birthplace Effect
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Birthplace Effect
Examined:
The size of the town where athletes were born.
Ct MacDonald, Baker & Abernethy, 2006;
Baker & Logan, 2007
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Birthplace Effect
Population Size
ExpectedEffect
Size
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Birthplace Effect
Population Size
Effect
SizeExpected
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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Birthplace Effect
Population Size
Effect
SizeExpected
50K to 500K
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Conclusion:Size matters!
top players are more likely to come fromcommunities large enough to build rinks, but not solarge that the demand for ice time outweighsopportunities to skate
Curtis & Birch (1987) Sociol Sport J
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What cant we confidently say?
1. Any outcome can be achieved with enough training.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
What cant we confidently say?
1. Any outcome can be achieved with enough training.
10 year/10,000 hour rules
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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2
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
What cant we confidently say?
1. Any outcome can be achieved with enough training.
10 year/10,000 hour rules
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
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11/16/20
2
What cant we confidently say?
1. Any outcome can be achieved with enough training.
10 year/10,000 hour rules
2. Talent doesnt exist.
After more than a decade of research
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...
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Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...but think big!
Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...but think big!
Planning
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7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
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11/16/20
2
Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...but think big!
Planning
Building support
Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...but think big!
Planning
Building support
Evaluation
-
7/27/2019 Baker Canoe Kayak Presentation 2010
30/30
11/16/20
Improving Talent ID and Development
TalentIdentification
andDevelopment in
Sport
InternationalPerspectives
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory
Start small...but think big!
Planning
Building support
Evaluation
Accumulate evidence
Questions/Comments?
Contact me:www.yorku.ca/bakerj
Lifespan Health and Performance Laboratory