bài tập phân tích hóa lý
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
1/82
BI TP AAS:
BI TP CC PP PHN TCH HA L
Bi tp v phng php ng chunBi 1: xc nh hm lng Cu trong mt mu phn tch, ngi ta cn mu # x$ l mu %"ng cc &ung &ch thch hp, axit ho a &u p()*+Cho &ung &ch x$ l n- #o %.nh nh m/c !! ml, th0m n1c c#3ch+ 4ung &ch n- 5m o ph6 778 9 %1c ;ng ,> nm th. cng #3ch ph6 o c 7< !,=? + 4 - mu chu@n o %"ng phAng php 778 9 %1c ;ng =*>,> nm c;nh au:
8EE FGng Cu H gImlJ hKp thL 7M,! !,>NNO
* >,! !,=P!=N= =,! !,*P* O> *,! !, P=P>M ,! !,!PM?*
Qc nh hm lng Cu c; trong mu phn tchRSiDi ET phUp o cc &ung &ch chu@n ta &Vng c ng chu@n: 7< WH
1 2 3 4 5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
A
C
B
XhAng tr.nh ng chu@n : 7< !,!PN**CY !,!!*M hKp thL 7 cZa chKt phn tch n"m trong #[ng cZa ng chu@n
G th ta ni u- ra nGng cZa Cu trong mu phn tch l =,N!= gIml ]\- hm lng cZa Cu trong mu phn tch l:
O
==,N!=+ ! + !! + !! =,N!=+ ! ^!
=
Bi 2: Qc nh ion Ca*_ trong mt mu n1c c/ng+ Fgi ta x- &Vng m&ung &ch chu@n BhDo t 9 i'u Bi`n t i u # o cng ph6 hKp th %"ng phAng php ngbn l$a n Bh F*dY C*( * 9 %1c ;ng >**,? nm+ e2t uD nhau:
Co H gImlJ C C* C= C> CM CO!,!M !, !, M !,* !,*M !,= !,=M
7 o 7 7 * 7= 7> 7M 7 O! *>M! ! >N*M ! ?*!! ! PM?M PM! >=*M O?
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
2/82
+ Q- &Vng phAng tr.nh ng chu@n *+ fK- = lit n1c c c3n c > mg chKt r n+ (o tan trong &ung &c
(Cl ^ rGi BhDo t cc i'u Bi`n t i u nh & - &ung &ch chu@n # o 79 %1c ;ng >**,? nm thu c 7M!+ Qc nh hm lng Ca*_ trong lt n1c+
SiDi+Q-&VngphAngtr.nhngchu@n
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
A
C
B
]\- phAng tr.nh ng chu@n l: 7 < !,!!?M _ >,?M+Cx *+ ehi 7 < *, >M tT phAng tr.nh %ng chu@n ta tnh c nGng
canxi trong n1c c/ng l: *
*, >M !,!!?M!,>M
>,?MCaC +
= = gIml ]\- hm lng cZa Can xi trong lt n1c c/ng l:!,>M gImlBi 3: Fg- na- xc nh V nhi m (g cZa cc &ung &ch n1c %"ng phAng php hKp thL ngu-0n t$ ngi ta &[ng phAng php Bh ng ngl$a m1i cZa V phun m[+Ehi2t % gGm mt %.nh Bh$ (g n i #1i mt #Ut hKp thL+ ! ml mu n1c #o %.nh Bh$ (g # pha loDng 2n ml, au ; th0m #o *M ml (*8d> \m jc # ! ml 8n8d> ! ^, ( *8d>!,*M k H&ung &ch cu i n- &[ng lm chKt Bh$J+ Ehu ngn % Bh$ tr3ng thi ngu-0n t Hngu-0n t$J# c chu-n #o cu #Ut hKp thL %& ng Bh ng Bh, ngi ta cho & ng Bh ng Bh n- i ua & ng &ung &ctrong %.nh Bh$ (g+ Cu i c[ng, &[ng n cat t r ng lm nguGn, ngi tao V hKp thL cZa cc ngu-0n t$ (g 9 %1c ;ng *M=? 7o , V hKp thL 3tc m/c cVc 3i g n = ph t+ Fgi ta nh\n c cc gi tr au cZa hKp thL i #1i & - cc &ung&ch chu@n cZa (gHqqJ:
(m lng (g trong&ung &ch chu@n, g
hKp thL
!,!! !,!!*!,=! !,!P!!,O! !, ?M,!! !,*ON*,!! !,>>!
Cc gi tr cZa hKp thL cZa hai mu n1c %"ng !,!>! # !,=!M
tAng /ng+]\- hm lng cZa (g trong tTng mu %"ng %ao nhi0uR FGn H gImlJ cZa (g trong tTng mu %"ng %ao nhi0uRSiDi
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
3/82
8$ &Lng phAng php hGi u- tu-2n tnh t.m 7 th5o CQ+ Ea x- &Vng phAng tr.nh tu-2n tnh c; &3ng 7< a _ %+CQ H J sp &Lng phAng php %.nh phAng t i thiu ta c;:
*minJ+H ii C ba AQ =
!J+H+* ==
ii C ba A
a
Q **JH
+
ii
iiii
C C n
AC AC nb
=
H J !JH* ==
iii bC a AC b
Q nC
bn A
a ii = H*J
Erong ;: n l l n th nghi`m, na < !,!*O?*
Eha- gi tri a,% #o H J ta c: 7< !,!*O?* _ !,* M?>CQ ehi 7 th. CQ< !,!O O g t/c l hm lng (g trong mu chu@n n- l!,!O O g+ ] nGng (g l !,!O OI ! < !,!!O O gI mlehi 7
Bi 4: C; th &[ng phUp o ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ xc nh cc #2t ccnjng trong & u ma ut+ phn tch M,!!! g mu cZa lo3i & u ma ut &[nta jt #o mt %.nh nh m/c c; &ung tch *M,!! ml, ho tan #o *Y p5ntanol # %"ng &ung m i n- a th tch trong %.nh 2n #3ch+ 8au &ung &ch nh\n c trong ngbn l$a Bh ng Bh ax5til5n+ xc nh Cu&[ng cc n catot r ng #1i cc #3ch pht x3 =*>,? # *N=,= nm tAngnh\n c cc G th chu@n c n mt & - cc &ung &ch chu@n ch/a nhvn %i2t cZa Cu # X% trong h n hp tAng /ng #1i & u ma ut cha &[ng # p5ntanol+Enh hm lng ^ cZa Cu # X% trong M,!!!g mu & u ma uth5o cc li`u au:
4ung&ch chu@nH gIml J hKp thLX% Cu 9 *N=,=nm HX%J 9 =*>,?nm HCuP,M M,*M !,=MO !,M >>,!! >,!! !,!?= !,=P**, O,*? !,**! !,O *N,M! ! !, MM !, !M,* *,> !,*?? !,*=*Cha %i2t Cha %i2t !,*>? !,=?
SiDi8$ &Lng phAng php hGi u- tu-2n tnh t.m 7 th5o CQ+ Ea x- &Vng
phAng tr.nh tu-2n tnh c; &3ng 7< a _ %+CQ H J sp &Lng phAng php %.nh phAng t i thiu ta c;:
*minJ+H ii C ba AQ =
!J+H+* == ii C ba AaQ ** JH+ ii
iiii
C C n AC AC nb
= H J
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
4/82
!JH* ==
iii bC a AC bQ
nC
bn A
a ii = H*J
Erong ;: n l l n th nghi`m, n
]\- phAng tr.nh tu-2n tnh cZa X% l: 7< !,! N*MCQY !,!!!*>]1i 7< !,*>? th. Cx< =,MM g Iml(m lng cZa X% trong Mg mu & u ma ut l:
^ X% < ^!!M
!+*M+MM,= O < !,!!O?N^ XhAng tr.nh tu-2n tnh cZa Cu &3ng 7< a _ %CQ ta c;: %
]\- phAng tr.nh tu-2n tnh cZa Cu l: 7< !,!PN**+CQY !,!!*M= ]1i 7< !,=? th. Cx*!
Eh nghi`m *: Eh0m = ml &ung &ch kgCl* gIml #o *M ml &ung &ch tr# o phAng php ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ c 7*
Qc nh hm lng ^ cZa kg trong mu n1c c/ng+ Cho phAng
chu@n c; &3ng 7
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
5/82
Sbi nGng cZa kg trong *M ml && ; l CQ Ea c;: 7 < e+ Cx 7* < e
y O+*M =+ !z {*M = *>+H*M =J
xC ++ +
f\p t| l` ta thu c: y O
* +*M =+ + !*M = *>+H*M =J
x
x
C A
C A=
++ +Cx< *+ !YNk
]\- hm lng kg trong mu n1c c/ng l:+ !! + !!^ P, O+ ! ^
!!!+M=
Bi 2: Qc nh hm lng cZa kn %"ng phAng php 778, ngi ta 5m &ch 7 9 %1c ;ng >!== nm th. cng #3ch ph6 hKp thL l !,>M+ 4c; hm lng kn nh &ung &ch 7 cng th0m mt lng !! gIml kn, c; cng #3ch hKp thL l !,N=M+ Qc nh hm lng kn trong &ung &ch 7+ SiDi
sp &Lng c ng th/c : 7 < e+CEa c;: ]1i &ung &ch Q : 7x < e+ CQ H J ]1i &ung &ch : 7 < e+ C H*JfK- H*J chia cho H J ta c:
X
X
X
Y
C C
A A !!+=
X Y
X X A A
AC
=+!!
Eha- #o ta Ac: CQ < O,NN mL g I Bi 3: xc nh hm lng X% trong n1c tiu nh phUp o ph6ngu-0n t$ c; th &[ng phAng php th0m chu@n+ ETng M!,!! ml n1cchu-n #o m i ph u &i c; &ung tch !! ml, th0m #o mt ph u =!! l &ung &chchu@n ch/a M!,! mgIl X%+ 8au ; p( cZa &ung &ch c a 2n *,Nth0m tTng gibt &ung &ch (Cl+ Erong m i phi u ngi ta a #o M!! l &ung &chamoni p-roliinithiocac%aminat m1i chu@n % >^ trong m5t-lYnYam-c@n th\n cc pha n1c # pha hvu cA chi2t X%+ (m lng cZa X% trcA c xc nh %"ng phAng php hKp thL ngu-0n t$, mjt Bhc ngi catot r ng #1i ng hKp thL *N=,= n+m+ FGng X% %"ng %ao nhmu n1c tiu %an u, n2u V hKp thL cZa &ch chi2t cZa mu Bh ng !,=*M, c n &ch chi2t cZa mu pha th0m lng X% %i2t l !,O?!+
SiDi Sbi nGng X% trong M! ml n1c tiu l Cx ta c;:
7 < e+ Cx 7*< e+ C*< e+
y =M!+ !,=+M!+ !H JM! !,= *!?+HM! !,=J
xC ++ +
Ea c;: y =*!,=*M
M! !,=+M!+ !!,O?!
M! !,= *!?HM! !,=J
x
x
C AC A
= =+
+ + SiDi phAng tr.nh tr0n ta c Cx< >, M+ !YOkFGng X% tnh th5o An # mgIl trong mu n1c tiu %an u l:
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
6/82
Bi 4: xc nh Cu*_ trong mu phn tch %"ng phAng php 778, ngch2 ho !,O*Ng mu #o %.nh nh m/c M! ml # nh m/c 2n #3ch+ &ung &ch n- 5m c c3n rGi %Am ton % mu #o m- o 778 9 Bhnm th. gi tr 7x o c l !,*>O+ fK- *M ml &ung &ch c n l3i th0m #o&ung &ch chu@n Cu*_ ! Y> k, rGi cng ti2n hnh c c3n # chu-n ton % mum- o 778 # cng o 9 Bh5 o tr0n th. gi tr 7 o c l !,= *+ Enlng ph n tr m Cu*_ trong mu phn tchR
SiDi Sbi Cx l nGng cZa Cu*_ c; trong mu phn tch Eh5o nh lu\t ~55r ta c;: 7x< e+ Cx H Ja
EAng tV 7< e+ C H*J #1i C < y >*M *+ !
*? xC +
*?+ !,*>O
*M *+ ! !,= * x x x
x
A C C A C C
= = =+ =+ ! yOgam
]\- ^ cZa Cu trong mu phn tch l:^ Cu =+ !+ !! !, ! ^
!,O* N=
Phng php vi sai Bi 1: Qc nh hm lng 5 trong mt mu ujng ngi ta ti2n hnh th n
nh au: fK- Mgam mu ujng ho tan trong &ung &ch (Fd= k c !!ml &ung&ch H&& xJ +
Chu@n % hai &ung &ch 5HFd=J= BhDo t 9 i'u Bi`n chu@n c; nGng lt l C< !,! kH&& J # C*
Ei2n hnh hai th nghi`m o ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ nh au: o cng ph6 hKp thL cZa &ung &ch * o #1i &ung &ch tht
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
7/82
Bi 2: xc nh hm lng 7 trong n1c ng m 9 mt #[ng cao ngu-0n, ta lK- > lt n1c 5m c c3n thu c Og chKt r n+ (o tan lng chKt r n&ung &ch (Fd= *k thu c !!ml &ung &ch+
Chu@n % hai &ung &ch (gHFd=J* BhDo t 9 i'u Bi`n t i u c; nGng l n lt l C< !,!! k # C*
Ei2n hnh o ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ nh au: fK- *M ml mu tr0n Bi'u Bi`n t i u # ti2n hnh o ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ nh au:
Y o cng ph6 hKp thL ngu-0n t$ cZa && C o #1i && Cxc 7
Qc nh hm lng 7 trong mt lt n1cRSiDi+
sp &Lng phAng php #i ai nGng %U ta c;:7 < B+HCY CQJ H J
7*< B+HC*Y CQJ H*JfK-H J chia cho H*J ta c;:
X
X
C C C C
A A
= **Eha- #o ta c:
X
X
C C
=
!! M,!!!,!
*ON,!?M,! CQ< M,P >+ !YMk
eh i lng 7 5n c; trong mu phn tch l: M,P >+ !YM+!, +?M < >>,=MM+ !YMg
]\- hm lng 7 5n trong mt lit n1c l:^7 < !!
>IO!+=MM,>> M ^
BI TP IN PHNBi 1:Ei2n hnh i`n phn n;ng chD- mt mu i clorua, thu c ?,N gam B9 anot # *,*> lt Bh HBtcJ 9 anot+ Qc nh mu i 5m i`n phn+Gii:
Cc phDn /ng i`n cVc: catot: kn_ _ n5 k
anot: *ClY Cl* _ *5XhDn /ng: *kCln pnc *k _ nCl*
*Cl* *+*,*> !,*Eh5o ph n HmolJn n+**,> nM
n ng: n = = =
?,N+n=Pn!,*
m M =n
= =
]1i n l ho tr cZa Bim lo3iw n< ,*,= n0n ta c; %Dng:n * =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
8/82
=P!"#
?NHlo3iJ
?Hlo3iJ
]\- mu i cho l eClBi 2:
i`n phn i`n cVc Xt &ung &ch ch/a Gng thi: Cu*_: !, !!kw 7g_:!,!! !!kw n *_: ,!!kw ( _ : !, !!k # 8d >*Y+ Er.nh %- cc a tr.nh xD- ra 9 cci`n cVc+ Q5m*dX < atSiDi:Cc u tr.nh c; th xD- ra: catot: Cu*_ _ *5 Cu
*_o *_
Cu ICu!,!MP
< _ lgzCu {*
< !,=> _0,0592
log!, !!
7g_ _ 5 7g_
o _7g I 7g
< _ !, !MPlogz7g {
*_o *_
n In!,!MP
< _ logzn {*
< Y!,?O _!,!MP* log < Y !,?O]
*( =d_
_ *5 ( *_
= *( d I(
]\- 9 catot BhD n ng oxi ho xD- ra th5o th/ tV: 7g_ } Cu*_ } ( =d _ } n*_ anot: O(*d d * _ >(=d _ _ >5
* *d I( d *Y 8 *dN*Y _ *5w *Y *Y
* N >8 d I8d *]
]\-: 9 anot, n1c % oxi ho tr1c+E;m l3i: Bhi i`n phn, u ti0n xD- ra phDn /ng:
>7g_
_ O(*
d >7g _ d*
_ >(=
d_
8au ; xD- ra phDn /ng:*Cu*_ _ O(*d *Cu _ d* _ >(=d _
Bi 3: Enh i`n p t i thiu phDi jt #o * cVc Xt c; u tr.nh i`n phnnh trong %i t\p * 9 tr0n, cho %i2t q< ,M7w < !,M!; *dX < atw *d < !,!N] +SiDi:~9i #. a < , ?]w c < !,O*=]n0n ]< H , ?_!,N!J !,O*=+!,M! < *,!P?]4o ;, c; u tr.nh i`n phn xD- ra th. phDi jt l0n * cVc mt i`n p l]< *,!P?]Bi 4: i`n phn &ung &ch Co*_ ! !!k # C&*_ ! !M!!k+
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
9/82
*+ Enh th2 catot c n lm giDm nGng ion Co*_ xu ng c n ,!+ !YO k+
C&*_ % t u i`n phn: C&*_ _ *5 C&2+ 2+
0 0Co /Co Cd /Cd
Cho E 0,280V; E 0,402V= = Gii:
+ Enh nGng Co C&*_ % t u % i`n phn+Cc phDn /ng i`n cVc 9 catot:Co*_ _ *5 CoC&*_ _ *5 C&
C&*_ % t u % i`n phn th. th2 catot
*_ *_! *_
c C& I C& C& I C&
!,!MP !* _0,059 log
2!,!M!!< !,>>!]
ehi ;: *_ *_! *_cCo I Co Co I Co !,!MP > !,*NJ
=!,!MP! , P>+ ! k+
= Fh #\- ta Bh ng th tch hon ton Co ra Bhi C&
*+ Enh th2 catot nGng Co*_ giDm xu ng c n ,!+ !YO k
Ea c;: *_ *_! *_c Co I Co Co I Co!,!MP M?]
]\- Bhi th2 catot c n !,>M?] th. nGng Co*_ ch| c n ,!+ !YOk HCo*_ x5mnh tch hon ton ra Bhi &ung &ch i`n phnJBi 5:
Enh thi gian c n thi2t Bhi i`n phn &ung &ch CoHqqJ lm B2+ !,M!! gam Co Bim lo3i l0n catot
*+ !,O!* gam Co=d> l0n anot~i2t cng & ng i`n phn l ,!!7w2+0Co /CoE 0,280V= Gii:
+ Enh thi gian i`n phn B2t tZa c !,M!! gam Co Bim lo3i lXhDn /ng i`n cVc 9 catot: Co*_ _ *5 Cosp &Lng nh lu\t ara&a- ta c;:
7 n+ +m *+POM!!+M,!!m + + qt t O=MM,P= >,M>gin 7+q MP+
= = = = = *+ Enh thi gian i`n phn B2t tZa c !,O!* gam Co=d> l0n catot
catot: =Co*_ _ >(*d _ O5 Co=d> _ >(*n+ +m O+POM!!+!,O!*t >>O= >gi7+q *> +
= = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
10/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
11/82
Eh0m M!,!! ml &ung &ch C5 HqqqJ !,!>!!k+ i`n phn #1i c& ng q
Gii -, Bhi i`n phn xD- ra V oxi ho 5*_ t3i anot:
5 *_ 5=_ _5ehi g n B2t th c i`n phn xD- ra V oxi ho C5=_
C5=_ C5>_ _5C5>_ inh ra l3i oxi ho hp th/c 5*_:
C5>_ _ 5*_ C5=_ _ 5=_] Bhi h2t hon ton 5*_ th. mt lng t chKt i`n inh C5>_lm t ng #bt th2
# ta c; th B2t th c i`n phn+m5< 7qt MM,NM< +!,!M!+M ,* < !,! >?Pgamn+POM!! +POM!!
^ 5< 0,0%4)9&%00 %2,%)*0,%2%5 = +Bi &:
xc nh antimon 9 &3ng 8%*d=trong mu phn tch, ngi ta cn Mgamu rGi axit ho %"ng (Cl c &ung &ch ch/a=YO8%Cl+ Eh0m #o &ung &ch thc lng & &ung &ch Fa~r rGi ti2n hnh nh lng antimon %"ng o i`n lng #1i & ng i`n q Bh ng 6i, %i2t Bhi ti2n hnh i`n phn & ng *,> *Mm7 trong thi gian * ph t+
a+ ]i2t cc phDn /ng xD- ra %+ Enh hm lng 8%*d= th5o An # ppm+ Cho* =8% dk < *P ,M+
Gii:XhDn /ng xD- ra Bhi ho tan mu:
8%*d= _ *(Cl *( =z8%ClO{ _ =(*d7not: z8%ClO{=Y z8%ClO{Y _ *5
*~r Y ~r * _ *5Catot: *(_ _ *5 ( *
XhDn /ng xD- ra Bhi chu@n o i`n lng:z8%ClO{=Y _ ~r * z8%ClO{Y _ *~r Y
sp &Lng nh lu\t ara&a-, ta c;: ppmH8%*d=J *M+ ! + *+O!+ !+POM!! M MBi ' :
nh gi u tr.nh i`n phn &ung &ch Cu8d> k trong ( *8d> k %i2tCuHtr0n XtJ Bh ng ng Bw*d Htr0n XtJ< !,M*]w m\t & ng !,!Mm7Icm*+
+Enh i`n p t i thiu xD- ra u tr.nh i`n phn+*+ F2u trong u tr.nh i`n phn thi2t l\p i`n p *]w coi i`n p 9 a
Bh ng 6iH#1i_(C
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
12/82
XhDn /ng:Cu*_ _ *5 Cuw
c < !,=>] anot: 24SO , ( *dXhDn /ng: *(*d d * _ >(_ _ >5w
a< ,*= _ >!,!MPlogH*J _ !,M*> < ,??]
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
13/82
]\-, u tr.nh i`n phn xD- ra th. i`n p t i thiu l:]< ,?? Y !,=> < ,>=H]J
*+ F2u i`n p l *] th. th2 catot l:c < ,?? * < Y !,*=]
sp &Lng phAng tr.nh F5r t:!,=> _ *_!,!MPlgzCu {* < Y!,*=
logzCu*_{< *_ Y P{ !* +HY!,*=Y!,=>J Cu!,!MP ' k]\t, c; th tch hon ton Cu*_ Bhi catot+Bi 1(:
i`n phn &ung &ch FaCl &[ng i`n cVc catot l h n h ng (g & ng c'u # &[ng cVc Eitan %bc ut5ni # oi lm anot+ ehoDng cch givaanot ch| #i mm+
+ ]i2t cc phAng tr.nh phDn /ng xD- ra 9 cc i`n cVc Bhi m1i % t u phnHp( < ?J+ Enh cc gi tr th2 i n cVc # th2 phn giDiH th2 ph
*+ 8au Bhi i`n phn mt thi gian, p( t ng l0n + ( - giDi thch t3i aoR]i2t cc phAng tr.nh phDn /ng xD- ra 9 p( ;Enh th2 i`n cVc # th2 phn giDi+
Cho %i2t: _ Fa IFao < Y *,? ]
_= *
o( d I( < !,!!]d I( d* *
o < ,*=]_ Fa I FaH(gJ ] cho &ung &ch FaCl *M^ HBh i lngJ
*( Htr0n (gJ < ,=]w*d Htr0n uI&J
HEh5o ' thi ol-mpic (o hbc t3i so PPOJGii+ Erong &ung &ch FaCl c;: FaCl Fa__ClY
*( *d ( =d __ d( Y
ehi i`n phn:Catot : Fa_ _ (g _5 FaH(gJ H J* x *( *d ( =d __ d( Y
* (=d __*5 ( * _ *( *d *( *d _*5 ( * _*d( Y H*J Anot : O(*d d* _>(=d _ _>5 H=J
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
14/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
15/82
~9i #. 2 /2Cl ClE H ,=>]J ) 2 2-
/O H OE H ,=N ]J n0n 9 anot #n c; Cl* thot rau tr.nh i`n phn:*x Fa _ (g _5 FaH(gJ
*ClY
Cl* _ *5*Fa_ _*ClY_* (g Cl* _ *FaH(gJEh2 phn giDi: ] < a c < ,=> _ ,?N < =, *]
BI TP ) TH*L+ PIC HA H,C SINH -I.N T)N /0 C 2((3 !Bn A#:
~rom lng tc &Lng c #1i (=Xd= th5o phDn /ng:( =Xd= _ ~r * _ ( *d ( =Xd> _ *(_ _ *~r YJ Enh h"ng cn %"ng cZa phDn /ng 9 *PNe *J Enh th2 i n cVc chu@n oH(=Xd>I( =Xd=J n2u %i2t oH~r *I*~r YJ I( =Xd*J H&&J ~r YH&&J (=Xd=H&&J ~r *HlJ (*dHlJ( ottHBImolJ ! Y =!N Y > YPOM ! Y*N8 oHImol+eJ ! Y !N N= O? M* ?!BI GI I:
J ( o p < Y==PB8 o p < Y== e Y+S o p < Y*>!,=O*B lge >*, *M e < ,==+ !>*+
*J So p < Yn o p o p < ,*>M]oH~r *I*~r YJ Y oH(=Xd>I( =Xd=J < o p < ,*>M]
oH(=Xd>I( =Xd=J < Y!, MN] Y !, O] =J (=Xd> _ >(_ _ >5 ( =Xd* _ *(*d o < Y !,=P] H J ( =Xd> _ *(_ _ *5 ( =Xd= _ ( *d o < Y !, O] H*J
fK- phAng tr.nh H J H*J ta c: (=Xd* _ *(_ _ *5 ( =Xd* _ ( *do= < R
So= < S
o
Y So* Y*
o= < Y>
o
HY* o*J
o= < Y!,O*]2 )L+ PIC HA H,C SINH -I.N T)N /0 C 2((3 !Bn A#:
Cho %i2t cc th2 i`n cVc chu@n: oHCu*_ICuJ < !,=>]w oHCu*_ICu_J ]+
J (i t3i ao ngi ta c; th nh lng Cu*_ trong &ung &ch n1c th ng ua&ung &ch eqR Cho %i2t th0m r"ng &ung &ch % o ho cZa Cuq tronnhi`t thng H*MoCJ c; nGng l !YOk
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
16/82
*J 8$ &Lng tnh ton xc nh x5m Cu c; tc &Lng c #1i (q gi ph;ng Bh (* ha- Bh ngR
=J ku i Cu*8d> c; %'n trong n1c ha- Bh ngR SiDi thch+BI GI I:J Cu*_ _ 5 Cu_ o < !, M]
Cu*_ _ qY_ 5 Cuq o* < R[ ][ ][ ]+
++=
Cu I Cu
E E oo*
* lg!MP,!
zCu*_{ < zqY{ < k [ ] [ ] M I K
Cu s *! + ==
o* < !, M _ !,!MPlg !* < !,NO } oHq*IqYJ]\- c; phDn /ng: Cu*_ _ =qY Cuq _ q*+nh lng q* th5o phDn /ng: q* _ Fa*8*d= Fa*8>dO _ *Faq
*J Cu*_ _ *5 Cu o < !,=>]
Cu*_
_ 5 Cu_
o* < !, M] Cu_ _ 5 Cu o= < !,=>+* !, M < !,M=]
Cuq _ 5 Cu _ qY o> < o= _ !,!MPlg !Y * < Y!, ?]]\- c; phDn /ng: *Cu _ *(q *Cuq _ (*
=J Cu_ _ 5 Cu o < !,M=]Cu*_ _ 5 Cu_ o* < !, M]*Cu_ Cu _ Cu*_ o < !,M= !, M < !,=N]]\- Cu *8d> l mu i tan trong n1c, Bh ng %'n trong &ung &ch:Cu*8d> Cu _ Cu8d>
3 )L+ PIC HA H,C SINH -I.N T)N /0 C 2((5 !Bn A#:
lo3i trT cc ion Fd=Y
trong n1c Hcc ion Fd=Y
c; mjt trong n1c xuKt pht tT phn %;nJ c; th Bh$ n; thnh Fd*Y %"ng cch cho i ua l1i c; ch/a %tC&+
J ]i2t n$a phDn /ng cZa hai cjp Fd=YI(Fd * # (Fd *IFd trong m i trngaxit+ Ch/ng minh r"ng (Fd* % phn hZ- trong m i trng p( < ! 2n O+
*J p( < ?, nGng Fd=Y l !Y*k+ ]i2t phDn /ng giva C& # Fd=Y+ (i Fd=Yc; % Bh$ hon ton 9 *MoC trong i'u Bi`n n- Bh ngR Enh nGng Fd=Y c n l3i trong n1c Bhi cn %"ng+
=J Enh th2 Bh$ Hth2 ox- h;a Y Bh$J chu@n cZa cjp Fd=YIFd*Y 9 p( < > #*MoC
Cho %i2t cc li`u au 9 *Mo
C: o
HFd=Y
I(Fd *J < !,P>]w o
H(Fd*IFdJ !]w e aH(Fd*J < M+ !Y>w e HC&Hd(J*J < ,*+ !Y >+BI GI I:J Fd =Y _ =(_ _ *5 (Fd * _ ( *dw o < !,P>]
(Fd * _ ( _ _ 5 Fd _ ( *dw o < !,PN] p( < ! th. oH(Fd*IFdJ } oHFd=YI(Fd *J n0n (Fd* % phn hZ- th5o
phDn /ng:
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
17/82
=(Fd * Fd=Y _ *Fd _ (_ _ ( *d p( < O th.:oHFd=YI(Fd *J < !,P> _ !,!MPI*Hlg !YOJ !,!H*lg
*=
*=
I
I =+=
4 )L+ PIC HA H,C SINH -I.N T)N /0 C 2((5 !Bn A#:C; th ho tan hon ton !!mg %3c Bim lo3i trong !!ml &ung &ch amonGng !, k Bhi ti2p x c #1i Bh ng Bh c Bh ngR
Cho %i2t ngu-0n t$ Bh i cZa 7g < !?,NNw h"ng i`n li %a A cZa aml e % < ,?>+ !YMw cc h"ng %'n cZa ph/c z7gHF(=Ji{_ tAng /ng l: lg ! ]+ sp uKt ri0ng ph n cZa ox- trong Bh ng Bh l !,*!PMatmXhDn /ng c thVc hi`n 9 *MoC+BI GI I:
F7g < !, !! : !?,NN < P,*?+ !Y>mol8 mol cVc 3i cZa F(= c n t3o ph/c l: P,*?+ !Y>+ * < ,NM>+ !Y=k
ngha l nh hAn nhi'u o #1i mol F(= c; trong &ung &ch H !Y*kJ+ ]\- F( = rKt & ho tan lng 7g n2u xD- ra phDn /ng+
e e
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
18/82
Ch ng ta Bim tra BhD n ng ho tan th5o uan im i`n h;a # nhi`tng:
7g_ _ 5 7g < o _ !,!MPlgz7g_{
d * _ >5 _ (*d >d( Y [ ]>**
*lg>!MP,!
+=
OH
P E E
Oo
ehi cn %"ng < *+ Erong &ung &ch F(= < !, k Hlng F(= phDn/ng Bh ng ng BJ ta c;: zd(Y{ < He %+CJI* < ,=*+ !Y=k
* < !,MO!?]+]. * < n0n tT tnh ton ta c; th u- ra c z7g_{ < P, *+ !YMk FGng t6ng cng cZa 7g_ trong &ung &ch:z7g_{o < z7g_{ _ z7gHF(=J_{ _ z7gHF(=J*_{
< z7g_{H _ zF( ={ _ *zF( ={*J < M,MkSi tr n- l1n hAn nhi'u o #1i lng 7g &[ng cho phDn /ng+ ]. #\- cc iBi`n i`n h;a # nhi`t ng thu\n li cho #i`c ho tan !, !!g 7g
5 )L+ PIC HA H,C SINH -I.N T)N /0 C 2((5 !Bn B#:J Ern hai th tch %"ng nhau cZa hai &ung &ch 8nCl* !, !!k # 5Cl =
!, !!k+ Qc nh nGng cc ion thi2c # t Bhi cn %"ng 9 *MoC+ Enhth2 cZa cc cjp ox- h;a Y Bh$ Bhi cn %"ng+
*J Fh ng mt i 7g #o &ung &ch 5*H8d>J= *,M+ !Y*k+ Qc nh nGng cZa 5=_w 5*_ # 7g_ Bhi cn %"ng 9 *MoC+ Enh th2 cZa cc cjp ox- h;a YBh$ Bhi cn %"ng+Cho %i2t oH8n>_I8n*_J < !, M]w oH 5=_I 5*_J < !,??]w oH7g_I7gJ < !,N!]
BI GI I:J 8n*_ _ * 5=_ 8n>_ _ * 5*_
Fc%: !,!MY x !,!M *x x *xlge < *H!,?? ! MJI!,!MP < *e < ! * +e rKt l1n # nGng 5=_ cho phDn /ng nh hAn nhi'u o #1i 8n*_ phDn
/ng g n nh hon ton: *x !,!Mz 5*_{ < !,!Mkw z8n>_{ < !,!*Mkw z8n*_{ < !,!*Mkw z 5=_{
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
19/82
[ ] [ ]
[ ] M !
M ! Ag x x
x
==
***
!+O
!+=N,>=,!!M,!
+
++
=
====
c% < V ?*,!!+=N,>lg!MP,!N!,!!+=N,>!+O
lg!MP,!??,! **=
=+=+
$ " THI CH,N H,C SINH GI6I /0 C GIA -IT NA 2((2 !B NG A#+ ~i2t th2 oxi h;aYBh$ ti0u chu@n :
oCu*_ICu_ < _!, O], oCu_ICu < _!,M*], o 5=_I 5*_ < _!,??], o 5 *_I 5 >]( - cho %i2t hi`n tng g. xD- ra trong cc trng hp au:
Cho %t t #o &ung &ch 5*H8d>J= !,Mk+H%JCho %t Gng #o &ung &ch Cu8d> k+
*+ 4ung &ch Q gGm Fa*8 !,! !k, eq !,!O!k, Fa *8d> !,!M!k+7xit ho ch\m &ung &ch Q 2n p( < !+ Eh0m 5Cl= cho 2n nGng !, !k+
i Enh th2 cZa cVc platin nh ng trong &ung &ch thu c o #1calom5n % o ho H(g*Cl*I*(g,*ClYJ+
ii ~iu &i n A G pin, #i2t phAng tr.nh phDn /ng xD- ra t3i cccVc # phDn /ng t6ng ut Bhi pin ho3t ng+
Cho : axit c; (*8 pe < ?,!!, pe * < *,P!w (8d>Yc; pe < *,!!w Ech tancZa X%8 < !Y*Ow X%8d> < !Y?,Nw X%q* < !Y?,O+
o 5=_I 5*_ < !,?? ] w o 8I(*8 < !, >] w o q*I*qY < !,M>] w cal % o ho >]BI GI I:+ aJ o 5=_I 5*_ < _!,?? ] 7 o 5*_I 5 < Y!,>> ] nn:Enh oxi ho: 5=_ m3nh hAn 5*_ Enh Bh$: 5 m3nh hAn 5*_4o ; phDn /ng tV pht xD- ra giva * cjp l: * 5=_ _ 5 = 5*_ Fh #\- 5 tan trong &ung &ch 5H8d>J= t3o thnh mu i 58d>, lm nh3t mu#ng H hojc nuJ cZa ion 5=_ # cu i c[ng lm mKt mu Hhojc t3o mu xanhnh3tJ &ung &ch+ %J o Cu_ICu < _ !,M* ]7 o Cu*_ICu_ < _ !, O ] n0n:Enh oxi ho: Cu_ m3nh hAn Cu*_Enh Bh$: Cu_ m3nh hAn Cu4o ; phDn /ng tV pht xD- ra givaa * cjp l: Cu_ _ Cu_ Cu*_ _ CuXhDn /ng nghch HCu*_ phDn /ng #1i Cu t3o thnh ion Cu_J Bh ng xD- ra+ 4o ;Bhi % %t Gng #o &ung &ch Cu8d> Bh ng xD- ra phDn /ng # uan t Bh ngthK- hi`n tng g.+*+ 7xit ho &ung &ch Q:8*Y _ *(_ ( *8 HC (*8 < !,! ! ) 8 ( *8 n0n (*8 cha % o ho, Bh ng thot raBhi &ung &chJXhDn /ng: * 5=_ _ ( *8 * 5*_ _ 8 _ * (_ e< ! * !, !,!
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
20/82
!,!N !,!* !,!* * 5=_ _ *qY * 5*_ _ q* e< ! ?,N !,!N !,!O !,!* !,!* !,!N !,!=!
Ehnh ph n trong &ung &ch: 5=_
!,!*! w 5*_
!,!N! wq* !,!=!k w(_
!,!*k 5=_I 5*_ < !,?? _ !,!MP lg !,!*I!,!N < !,?>=] HcVc &AngJcal < !,*>>] H cVc mJ pin < _ < !,?>= !,*>> < !,>PP]8A G pin: (g (g*Cl* eCl %h 5=_, 5*_ Xt
XhDn /ng: * (g _ * ClY < (g*Cl* _ * 5 _ *x 5=_ _ 5 < 5*_ * (g _ * 5=_ _ * ClY < (g*Cl*
% " THI CH,N H,C SINH GI6I /0 C GIA -IT NA 2((2 !B NG A#Cho & ng i`n !,M7 i ua &ung &ch mu i cZa mt axit hvu cA trong e2t uD au u tr.nh i`n phn l tr0n catot t3o ra =,NOM gam mt Bim lo3ianot c; Bh 5tan # Bh cac%onic thot ra+1+ Cho %i2t mu i cZa Bim lo3i no % i`n phnR ~i2t r"ng M, N gam cZa; @- c ,MP gam Cu tT &ung &ch Gng unWat+2+ Cho %i2t mu i cZa axit hvu cA no % i`n phnR3+ ]i2t cc phAng tr.nh phDn /ng xD- ra tr0n cc i`n cVc+BI GI I:+ i`n lng < qt < !,M x * x =O!! < =O!! coulom% &[ng t3o ra =,NO
lo3i+ ET nh lu\t ara&a-, Ang lng
eh i lng mol cZa Bim lo3i: 7 < n++ ]. Bim lo3i n- @- Gng ra Bhi &un&ch n0n Ang lng cZa Cu:
Cu < 7I* < O=,OI* < = ,N # tT phDn /ng:* _ Cu*_ < Cu _ * _
ta c;: : = ,N < M, N : ,MP, u- ra < !=,OErong phDn /ng @- Cu, Bim lo3i ch| c; th c; m/c oxi ho tT 2n =, &o chbn Bh i lng mol ngu-0n t$ tT = BhD n ng au:
7 < !=,O x < !=,O7 * < !=,O x * < *!?,*7= < !=,O x = < = !,N
]. Bh ng c; ngu-0n t$ #1i 7 } *>! # %"ng !> c; tnh Bim lo3i # c; m/c oxho l _ + 4o ; Bim lo3i phDi t.m ch| c; th l X% H7 < *!?,OJ+
O,!==O!!
POM!NOM+=n7 == =
_
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
21/82
*+ E3i anot Bhi i`n phn c; C*( O # Cd* thot ra l Dn ph@m cZa V oxi hoanion hvu cA, mu i n- c; c ng th/c X%HCddJ*+ 8V t3o ra 5tan+HC(= Y C(=J # Cd* tT nh;m CddY ch/ng t mu i i`n phn l X%HC(=CddJ*+ =+ Cc phDn /ng xD- ra tr0n cc i`n cVc:
E3i catot: X%*_ _ * 5 < X%E3i anot: C(=CddY Y 5 < C(=Cdd C( =Cdd < C(= _ Cd*
* C(= < C*( OE6ng ut: * C(=CddY *5 < C*( O _ Cd*+
& )L+ PIC HA H,C /0 C T* L8N TH9 2&:Cc phAng php o hi`u th2 # uang ph6 c $ &Lng rng r i xccc nGng cn %"ng # h"ng cn %"ng trong &ung &ch+ CD ha php thng xu-0n c &[ng B2t hp xc nh Gng thi nhi'u tiu
4ung &ch n1c axit h;a q ch/a mt h n hp 58d> # 5*H8d>J=, #&ung &ch n1c qq ch/a mt h n hp e >z 5HCFJO{ # e =z 5HCFJO{+ FGng cZacc tiu phn c; ch/a t thoD m n cc uan h` z 5*_{q < z 5HCFJO>Y{qq # z 5=_{q *] H o #1i i`n cVc h-&ro ti0u chu@nJ+ Xh n tr m tru-'n&ung &ch qq o c o #1i &ung &ch q t3i >*!nm %"ng !,?^ Hchi'u &tru-'n uang l < M,!*mmJ+ SiD thi2t r"ng ph/c z 5HCFJO>Y{ 5=_Ha Jw 5*_Ha JBh ng hKp thL nh ng t3i >*!nm+ hKp thL molH 5HCFJO=YJ < !!fImol+cm
t3i %1c ;ng n-+ Eh2 Bh$ chu@n cZa 5=_
I 5*_
l !,?? ]+ 2u t ghi tr1c logaritth\p phn cZa phAng tr.nh F5rn t %"ng !,!MP! H# ghi tr1c logarit tV n!,!*MOJ+ SiD thi2t r"ng tKt cD cc h` ho3t 'u %"ng +J ]i2t phAng tr.nh F5rn t cZa h` th ng ox- h;a Y Bh$ cZa:
aJ 4ung &ch + %J 4ung &ch * Hngo3i trT ph/c xiano, % ua mbi &3ng Bhc c; tro
&chJ*J An # cZa -2u t ghi tr1c logarit trong phAng tr.nh F5rn t c; An # l=J Enh t| cc h"ng %'n #vngH 5HCFJO=YJIH 5HCFJO>YJ>J ehoDng %i2n thi0n tu-`t i trong l1n H%i0n J cZa cc tham #\
l %ao nhi0u+aJ tru-'n x3 HEJ^ %J k\t uang H7J ^+
MJ Enh nGng cZaaJ 5=_ trong &ung &ch q %J 5*_ trong &ung &ch q
BI GI I:J XhAng tr.nh F5rn t:
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
22/82
aJ q < oH 5=_I 5*_J _ !,!MP!lgHz 5=_{Iz 5*_{ %J qq < oH 5HCFJO=YI 5HCFJO>YJ _ !,!MP!lgHz 5HCFJO=Y{Iz 5HCFJO>Y{J
*J ]olt H]J=J qq < oH 5HCFJO=YI 5HCFJO>YJ _ !,!MP!lgHz 5HCFJO=Y{Iz 5HCFJO>Y{
< oH 5=_I 5*_J _ !,!MP!lgH I*J _ !,!MP!lgHzCFY{OIzCFY{OJ _!,!MP!lgHz 5HCFJO=Y{Iz 5HCFJO>Y{J
< !,*>*Erong ; #* l n lt l cc h"ng %'n #vng cZa z 5HCFJO>Y{ #
z 5HCFJO=Y{+z 5HCFJO=Y{Iz 5HCFJO>Y{ < 5=_I 5*_ n0n < qq q < !,!MPlgH I*J J aJ ET ! 2n !!^
%J ET ! 2nMJ aJ 4[ng nh lu\t ~oug5r fam%5rt ~55r
7 cm= &ung &ch Bali p5manganat+_ *M,!!cm= &ung &ch t HqqJ unWat &[ng h2t *>,!=cm= &ung &ch Bali
p5manganat+_ *M,!!cm= &ung &ch t HqqJ unWat &[ng h2t **, ?cm=&ung &ch c5ri Hq]J
unWat++ ]i2t cc phAng tr.nh phDn /ng cZa %a l n chu@n +*+ ( - tnh nGng cZa &ung &ch c5ri Hq]J unWat+
Fgi ta p &Lng cc th2 i`n cVc ti0u chu@n au -:
5=_ _ 5 < 5*_ o < !,??]C5>_ _ 5 < C5=_ o < ,O ]=+ ( - tnh e C cZa phDn /ng: 5*_ _ C5>_ < 5=_ _ C5=_+
H i #1i ph n c n l3i cZa %i t\p c n giD thi2t cc i'u Bi`n l ti0uchu@nJ
>+ ( - tnh t| :[ ][ ]++
*
=
! ! t3i im tAng Ang+
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
23/82
M+ ( - tnh th2 cZa &ung &ch t3i im tAng Ang+ F2u nh ngi ta $ &Lng mt chKt ch| th oxi h;a Y Bh$ HqnJ #1i o < th2
cZa &ung &ch t3i im tAng Ang nh\n %i2t im B2t th c cZa #i`c ; th. Bh ng c; #Kn ' g. #' chnh xc cZa #i`c nh\n %i2t im B2t th c+
Fhng i #1i chKt ch| th au - th.:qndx _ *5 < qn*YBh o < !,N!]8V chu-n mu th hi`n r Bhi:
[ ][ ]
!* ="#
Ox
In
In
O+ ( - tnh[ ][ ]++
*
=
! ! t3i im chu-n mu cZa chKt ch| th n- # cho %i2t
ph n tr m trong l n chu@n ti2n hnh+BI GI I:+ *knd>Y _ MC*d>*Y _ O(=d _ < *kn*_ _ !Cd * _ *>(*d
M 5*_ _ knd >Y _ N(=d _ < M 5=_ _ kn*_ _ *( *d5
*_
_ C5>_
< 5=_
_ C5=_
+*+ Chu@n : !,***Ng Fa*C*d> tAng Ang ,OO+ !Y= mol C*d>*Y+H*IMJ+ ,OO+ !Y= < zknd>Y{+]Hknd>YJzknd>Y{ < !,!!*=kChu@n *: zknd>Y{+]Hknd>YJ < H IMJz 5*_{]H 5*_Jz 5*_{ < !, kChu@n =: zC5>_{ < z 5*_{+]H 5*_JI]HC5>_J < !, *Mk
=+ Ea c;:>
oI5I !+O,
J+Hlg
*==> =
= ++++ K $%
E E K !
oC!C!
>+ E3i im tAng Ang th. lng chKt cho #o nHC5>_J < noH 5*_J+ ]1im i ion C5=_ m1i h.nh thnh th. cng h.nh thnh mt ion 5=_, t/c l zC5=_{< z 5=_{ # cD zC5>_{ < z 5=_{Ea c;:
[ ][ ][ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
?*
=
**
*=
*>
==
!+*?,w === ++
+
+
++
++
! !
!
! K
!C! !C!
K C C
M+ a ga tr m1i t.m c #o phAng tr.nh F5rn t i #1i th2 cZa t nta thu c: < , P]HCng tAng tV nh #\- ngi ta c; th a ga tr zC5>_{IzC5=_{ < H ,*?+ !Y?JY #o phAng tr.nh F5rn t i #1i th2 cZa c5riJ+
O+ Eh2 cZa &ung &ch t3i im chu-n mu l: < !,N! _ EI* Hln !J < !,N=]a ga tr n- #o phAng tr.nh F5rn t i #1i t:
[ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
*,!ln??,!N=,! *
=
*
=
=+= ++
+
+
! !
! !
$%
Fh #\- ai l: H ,*JY+ !!^ < N,PM^1( )L+ PIC HA H,C 9C 1''' !- n 3#:
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
24/82
Cho cc th2 chu@n au -:7g~r HrJ _ 5 7g _ ~r Y o < !,!? =]7g_ _ 5 7g o* < !,?PPO]
aJ Er0n cA 9 ; h - tnh E7g~r 9 *MoC+ %J ET ; h - tnh So i #1i a tr.nh: 7gClHrJ . 7g_Ha J _ ClYHa J+ ~i2t
87gClH*MoCJ < ,*?>+ !YMk+BI GI I:aJ o c; li0n uan 2n mt %n t2 %o, trong ; 9 tr0n mt l1p B2t tZ
%romua nGng ion %romua l ,!!k+ Fh c; o* ngi ta c; th th5o phAng tr.nh F5rn t tnh c nGng ion %3c trong t2 %o # tT ;z~r Y{ < ,!!k c; th tnh c tch ho tan+
*==* !+N,>!+N,>ln M % M C
$% E E Ag&'
oo =+=
%JET ho tan ta c;: z7g_{ < zClY{ < ,*?>+ !YMk # nh #\- l tch hotan E < H ,*?>+ !YMJ*+ E cng l h"ng cn %"ng e C i #1i phDn /ng:7gClHrJ . 7g
_Ha J _ Cl
YHa J
e C ngoi ra cng l h"ng cn %"ng nhi`t ng lVc hbc+ i'u n- c; ngl:S o < YElnE < MM,NBImol+
BI TP C;C PH 1 xc nh Cu, X%, n trong n1c tiu %"ng phAng
#onYamp5 ho tan an t+ fK- ! ml n1c tiu cho #o %inh B5n&an,
ml (Fd= ON^ # ml (
*8d
> rGi phn hu mu %"ng # cA ho 1t+ umu tr0n %2p cch ct 2n g n c3n au ; th0m ti2p Mml (Fd= th5o t| l` :>
rGi cho #o %.nh cch thu un ti2p+ Cu i c[ng ngui # nh m/c =!ml H&&7J+ Xha && 7 ra # ti2n hnh phn tch nh au:
EF : fK- Mml &ung &ch 7, th0m #o ; *ml &ung &ch `m ax5!,!M ml (gHqqJ !, k au ; pha lo ng thnh Mml &ung &ch rGi ti2n hthu c B2t uD au: q&HCuJ < *, M A , q&HX%J < !,=*M A , q&HnJ < >, !M A
EF*: Erung ho Mml &ung &ch 7 %"ng Fad( au ; th0m *ml &&ch `m ax5tat # !,!M ml (gHqqJ !, k, au ; th0m ti2p ml CuH!!ppm, ml X%HqqJ !!ppm # ml nHqqJ !!ppm rGi pha thnh M
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
25/82
&ung &ch+Ei2n hnh o thu c B2t uD au: q&HCuJ < *,M=M A , q&HX%J < !,?=* A , q&HnJ < >,= * A +
EF=: fK- Mml &ung &ch 7, th0m *ml &ung &ch `m ax5tat #ml (gHqqJ !, k, au ; th0m ti2p ,Mml CuHqqJ !!ppm, ,Mml X%!!ppm # ,Mml nHqqJ !!ppm rGi pha thnh M ml &ung &ch+Ei2o thu c B2t uD au: q&HCuJ < *,?PP A , q&HX%J < !,P?>? A , q&HnJ < >,>*?
A +
EF>: fK- Mml &ung &ch 7, th0m *ml &ung &ch `m ax5tat #ml (gHqqJ !, k, au ; th0m ti2p *,!ml CuHqqJ !!ppm, *,!ml X%!!ppm # *,!ml nHqqJ !!ppm rGi pha thnh M ml &ung &ch+Ei2no thu c B2t uD au:
q&HCuJ < *,P=N A , q&HX%J < ,*?* A , q&HnJ < >,M*> A +
i'u Bi`n ti2n hnh th nghi`m l: (g*_ ! Y>k, p< =!!m], tp 2Xhn tch hm lng Cu trong n1c %in %"ng ph
php #onYamp5 ho tan anot, &[ng phuAng php th0m chu@n+ fK- M
n/Ac 5m phn tch th. thu c cng & ng pic l !,NNO7, a
th0m Ml Cu*_ !ppm th. thu c cng & ng l *,M*7+ Enh h
lAng ppm cZa Cu trong n1c %in+
H ErchMod 1n n l3 #c l Ch m# 13, 6 7#d ! 17 3, 6
n#7 1 # 3
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
26/82
Bi => 3 phn tch hm lng X% # C& trong thu c (+p5rporaxuKt x/ tT Erung u c ngi ta ti2n hnh phn tch %"ng phAng phpamp5 ho tan xung #i phn #1i phAng php th0m chu@n+ Cn g %
ph@m cho #o chUn nung # # cA ho mu trong l nung 9 M!!oC # *,Mh,au ; ho tan tro thu c #1i n1c # th0m !ml (Cl >k # nh m/c
%"ng n1c cKt 2n *Mml H&&7J+EF : fK- ! ml &&7, th0m #o Mml amoni xitrat !, k rGi nh m/
2n *!ml ti2n hnh o thu c q&HX%J
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
27/82
fK- *Mml &ung &ch n- cho #o %.nh Vng, th0m #o *ml &u`m ax5tat rGi nh m/c 2n =!ml, ti2n hnh phn tch thu c q&
fK- *Mml &ung &ch n- cho #o %.nh Vng, th0m #o *ml &u
`m ax5tat, au ; cho ti2p #o *ml &ung &ch CuCl* ! Y*k rGi nh m/c
%"ng n/oc cKt 2n =!ml, ti2n hnh phn tch thu c q& $ Erong &ung &ch Fad( V Bh$ ion*=%!O cho ;ng cVc ph6nh i`n cVc gibt thZ- ngn c; t c chD- ,MmgI , thi gian chD- =, M Bhu2ch tn !,?M+ !YM cm*I , cng Bhu2ch tn O ,P 7 #1i &ung &c
*=%!O >+ !Y= k+ Qc nh V Bh$ ion tr0n+ HErch %i giDng cZa E8 Fg
E/y Bhoa (o trng (8X (u2J
Bi => %(m lng cZa 7 HqqqJ trong n1c c; th phn tch % phAng php cVc ph6 xung #i phn+ ~an u ta jt i`n th2 l Y!, ] ata uUt th2 m & n #1i %i0n l Mm]I + 8V %i2n 6i 7 HqqqJ #' 7 H9 BhoDng th2 Y!,>>]+ Cng & ng cZa cc mu ti0u chu@n ch/a ctch trong n'n phn tch nh au:
' 0&94)>&00%0> %&8$9&00%0> 2&)2
(m lng 7 HqqqJ trong mu phn tch %"ng %ao nhi0u n2u c ng ,=?7 trong c[n g i'u Bi`n nh tr0n+H ErchMod 1n n l3 #c l Ch m# 13, 6 7#d ! 17 3, 6
n#7 1 # 3
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
28/82
Bi => &eh i lng thZ- ngn chD- ra tT i`n cVc nh gibt au !! %"ng !, POg+ Ehi gian ng cZa ! gibt thZ- ngn %"ng >=,* + ehi lm#1i i`n cVc n- i #1i &ung &ch ,!!+ !Y= k X%*_ ngi ta uan t c
& ng i`n N,?O 7+ i #1i &ung &ch ch. c; nGng cha %i2t nguan t c & ng i`n O,= 7+ i #1i mt ng mao uDn m1i #1i chB gibt O, = # t c chD- cZa thZ- ngn =,NM mgI , h - tnh nGng %i2t cZa ch.+
H~i = X=O Y Xhn tch l h;a (G ]i2t uY FQ~S4 *!!!J
Bi => ' Enh nGng Ca&imi trong &ung &ch n2u Bhi phn tc
Mml &ung &ch ch/a C&*_ %"ng phAng php th0m th. c; cao ;ng cVc ph6 l *!,Mmm # au Bhi th0m *ml &ung &ch chu@n C&Cl* !,!M=F th. cao cZa ;ng t ng l0n l *>,=mm+
HErch %i giDng cZa th - Fg ] n E/y Bhoa (o trng (8X (u2J
Bi => 1(kt hp chKt hvu cA c; V Bh$ hai 5l5ctron tr0n i`n cVc nhgibt c; t c chD- cZa thZ- ngn ,NP mgI , thi gian chD- *, * Igibt, #1i &ung &ch , ?+ !Y=k th. & ng Bhu2ch tn l P,O 7+ ( - tnh h` Bhu2ch tn cZa &ung &ch n-+
H~i O X=O Y Xhn tch l h;a (G ]i2t uY FQ~S4 *!!!JII L?i ii @ n
Bi => 1Ea c;: q!+!!
==
+=
mol x x x
I I
Cu(
Cu( ?P
=JH
JH !+!?*M,!?PP,*M,*
O>M,+!+!!
==
+=
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
29/82
mol x x
x
I I
Cu(
Cu( ?P
>JH
JH !+!N!=,!P=N,*M,*
O>*+!+!!
==
+=
x Cu< H ?!+!N!=,! _ ?!+!?*M,! _ ?!+!?=O,! JI= < !,!??+ !Y?
mol]\- Hpp%JCu< ))bON,*PMM+ !!+!+ !!,!??+O>+= PY? =
EAng tV ta tnh VAc: Hpp%JX%>,OPOpp%w Hpp%Jn< ?,>Opp%
Bi => 2q&HCuJ
=
=*JH
JH
!+>*,MM*,*NNO,!
!+*M!!+!+M+M!
==
++=
Bi => 3 Ea c;: q,!=MO,*O,*
M,*!+!+
==
+=
(m lng mgIBg cZa C&:
O =
=
!,!?N>+ ! +*M+ *,M+ !**,!M!+ !
=EAng tV HmgIBgJX%: N,PM=
Bi => 4Ea c;: qi < B+CQ n0n B+CQ < !,?M
f n *:
**M M+ !=, ?M
=! =!*M !, !M=, ?M
!, ?M =!
X
X
X
C
C
C
= +
+ =
8u- ra CQ < >+ !Y> knCu < >+ !Y>+!, < >+ !YM k
]\- Bh i lng cZa mCu < >+ !YM+O> < *MO+ !YM HgJ]\- mg Cu trong lt (*d:
mCu + !
mg l
=
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
30/82
Bi => 5Ea c;: q&HCuJ
Bi => $*
= O *O!M+ + + + +( I n m t * C =
* M = == O *O!M+ +H,MJ +H=, MJ +H!,?M+ ! J +>+ ! + !( I n
=
k th5o ' : q& < O ,P 7
n < O+
*
=%!O
_ O5 _ O(_
E5*Y
_ =(*dBi => %
]. G th phAng php ng chu@n c; &3ng: q?,!!++*PN,!
==
!*OM,!!+=*>M,! O
ba
QUt EF ,= ta c; h`+=
+=
baba
O
O
!+O+N=,!++*PN,!
==
!!N>,!!+=!O>,! O
ba
QUt EF =,> ta c; h` +=+=
baba
O
O
!+P+?*,*!+O+N=,
==
!!M,!!+*PO?,! O
ba
a < H!,=*>M+ !O_!,=!O>+ !O_!,*PO?+ !OJI=
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
31/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
32/82
Bi 1HMI*M!I*J :( - xc nh l`ch tAng i Bhi nh lu\t ~ia Bhi pha&ung &ch ali ilat 5HqqqJ !,*k thnh !!, M!!, !!! l n Bhi :
a+FGng thu c th$ & *!^ %+ehi Bh ng & thu c th$Cho %i2t r"ng h"ng %'n cZa ph/c %"ng >+ !Y ?+
Bi gii a+ehi nGng thu c th$ & *!^ :sp &Lng c ng th/c: ( )e < nY + !! pC , l`ch tAng i /ng #1i cc l n pha lo ng
l :
Y ?Y *
Y ?Y *
Y ?Y
>+ !n < !!: < +H !!Y J+ !! < ,OM+ ! ^,*+!,*>+ !n < M!!: < +HM!!Y J+ !! + !n< !!!: < +H !!!Y J+ !! < ,O?+ ! ^,*+!,*
%+ehi thu c th$ Bh ng &:sp &Lng c ng th/c tnh l`ch tAng i ( )e < + nY + !!C , ta c;:
Y ?YM
Y ?YM
Y ?YM
>+ !n < !!: < H !!Y J+ !!< ,*?+ ! ^!,*
>+ !n < M!!: < HM!!Y J+ !! < =,! + ! ^!,*
>+ !n < !!!: < H !!!Y J+ !! < >,=*+ ! ^!,*
Bi 2H =I*M I*J : Enh lng t i thiu cZa ion Fi*_ c; th xc nh c #1i x-l5n&a cam HJ 9 MN>nm, cu#5t c; l
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
33/82
*_ *Y O
YM
YM
Fi _ Fi Bi giiSbi Cx l nGng Co c n trong mu &ung &ch 7w #. th tch cZa =
&ch au Bhi pha ch2 l nh nhau &o #\- ta c;:4ung &ch : C < !, Cx+4ung &ch *: C* < !, Cx _ Ca H]1i Ca< !,!*+*+ !Y> < >+ !YOkJ+4ung &ch =: C= < !,!NCx+k\t uang tAng i cZa && o #1i &&= l:7 x< !,=M
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
34/82
M C x>
O
!+?M,=M,!+!*,!?M,!+!*,!
=M,!+!+>
==
Bi 4 :H**I*M=I*J Enh h"ng phn li cZa thu c th$ ( th5o cc li`u au : FGng %an u cZa thu c th$ trong %a &ung &ch c; p( Bhc nhau 'u
C( < C < con t+4ung &ch c; p( %"ng ?,== H 9 p( n- thu c th$ tGn t3i cD 9 hai &3ng (
Y J c; 7 < !,>>*+4ung &ch * c; p( n"m trong #[ng %a A m3nh Hthu c th$ ch| 9 &3ng Y J c;
7 *< !,?!M+ 4ung &ch = c; p( n"m trong #[ng axit m3nh Hthu c th$ ch| 9 &3ng (7=< !,! ?+
k\t uang cZa cD %a &ung &ch tr0n 'u c o 9 c[ng # l o nhn1c+
Bi gii _ Y( ( _
C ! !CYx h x
aa
a
a
e +Ch + xe < x *e < h+ < ! + < ?,MMN+ !
7 Y7 !,>>*Y!,?!M
Bi 5 : H NI*M*I*J M+u )#,n t-.# !/II0 .1 t#2 t-.# l3 Vml4 52 x6. 78n# !/II0b9ng o !nalt'olin ngn .?u t@ Bt#2 t-.# (ung (8.# m+u )#,n t-.# D3 #ai (ung (8.# ti>u .#u n t@ mg D3 F mg !/II04 &a (ung (8.# t'>n 7
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
35/82
(ung (8.# ti>u .#u n t#? #ai so s6n# DSi (ung (8.# ti>u .#u n t#? n#Tt U D3 l n#< n#auF ta .1 AtB./W0 YFZ ; A x YF[Y4 %-n# "# i ln 7\ ( ng .uD!t .1 l ^.m4 5o m t 7 uang U #ai b
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
36/82
mX% < *+ !YM+!,!M+*!? < !,*!?HgJm~i < =,PP+ !YM+!,!M+*!P < !,> ?HgJ
Bi ! : M t m+u t#c) .#?a .d C' D3 Mn /ngo3i !04 H3m l % Bh$ hon ton:Y Y _* * =
Y _ *_> *
Y Y _ Y *_> * = *
M Fd _( d Fd _*( _*5* knd _N( _M5 kn _>( d
* knd _ MFd _O( MFd _*kn _=( d
8au Bhi phDn /ng B2t th c th. m\t uang cZa &ung &ch 9 < M!! n
*Y *Y* ? * ?
: Cr d Cr d7 < + C + l < !,=!O
*Y* ?
*Y* ?
Y=Cr d
Cr d
7 !,=!OC < < < >,?N+ ! k
l+ +O>
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
37/82
ET H J ta u- ra:Y>
Y>
Y>:=knd
knd
7 Y 7 !,ON! Y !,=!OC < < < *,*!+ ! k
l + + ,?!+ !
Bi " #1$% & : H]n #G) .Ra C' WOZ W D3 MnO t'ong (ung (8.# H WO ` M 7! Y YY>knd
M>M Y YY>knd
7 !,!=M < <
,!P Hl+cm +mol J
l+C +=,?*+ !7 !,NNO
< <
>>! Y YY>Cr d
M>M Y YY>knd
7 !,=!N < < < =OP,?M Hl+cm +mol Jl+C +N,==+ !
7 !,!!P < < < !,N!> Hl+cm +mol J
l+C +N,==+ !
*J ]. m\t hKp thL uang c; tnh cng tnh n0n ta c;:Y Y *Y *Y> > * ? * ?knd knd Cr d Cr d
7 < +C +l _ +C +l
*Y Y* ? >
*Y Y* ? >
>>! Cr d knd
M>M Cr d knd
7 < !,=NM < =OP,?M+C _ P>,!P+C7 < !,OM= < !,N!>+C _ *=N ,?+C
SiDi * phAng tr.nh ta c :*Y
* ?
Y>
Y>
Cr d
Y>knd
C < P,?*O+ ! HkJC < *,OPN+ ! HkJ
Bi $ H*=I?J:id t#i t '9ng . n )#di x6. 78n# b9ng )#
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
38/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
39/82
a4%-n# "#odng n ng 7 mol t#-.# #G) .#o lo t (ung (8.# .#u n 7oF n u ( ng m6h 7o .1 A t#-.# #G) t'ong "#odng YFW y YF[ D3 m6h 7o .1 A { ^FY DSi .uD!t .m| b4 * ng WYFYYml m+u n
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
40/82
= +w
JH xa x x xa
x
x
A AV M Am
V M m
g A A
Amm
xa x
xa x
OYM=,=!>+ !gM=,=!>=PN,!M !,!=PN,!+!!,M+!!,= ==== +
]\- trong M!!mf &ung &ch mu ta c;:
!,!* M^!!+P?,>
!! !OO,!JH^
!! !OO,!!OO,!N+ !*M
M!!M=,=!>+ ! OYOYJH
==
===
II Co
g m II Co
Bai 2 : nh lng Fe trong mu kho ng bng ph ng ph p !om"u# $u %& h'a tan trong (ung m)i* &+u t, - & % nh %&&hu./n !ang (0ng Fe 12 3" %& t0o ph4& bng 5*567
phenanthroline8C 51H9N1 * k hi;u ng %;m a&etat
3?i @A7
B6 5671
$ 3" @ 'Yd( (4
Y5H7 J %+ %08,$ ' A($ = %+ %0 8,$ Y =
!=
7H(J
z7 {
Y5H7 J %+ %08,$ * =
>,O? =
H ! J ! z { H
++
INp Ong g#G 1P cQ fH(J , Y5Hd( J , Y5H7 J , Y Y5Hd( ,7 J , =5f 1ong
JhoOng p! R $ STn ) :
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
42/82
p! $ 4 5 > )
lg fH(J %,) 0,) 0 0 0
lg Y5Hd( J 0 0 0 0 0
lg Y5H7 J 0 0,$ 2,$ 2,$ 2,$
lgY Y5Hd( , 7 J
0 0,$ 2,$ 2,$ 2,$
lg=
5f %>,
2%8,9
%9,0
%9,0
%9,0
ChUn p! h ch hWp Xo phYc, lL 7Zng p! h[ m\n S]ng h^#cBn Dng ch nh 7L ph_ d`a# SB3:
+ S#b J# n cBn Dng ch nh:
=*_
z 5f {z 5 { %0
$ =Y Y
=5f
=fH(J5Hd( ,7 J
+zf{ + %0
$ Y Y
* ,= Y>
=fH(J5Hd( ,7 J
! + ! + %0
$
Y Y=fH(J5Hd( ,7 J + e %0 %4,$ % & f#b J# n % : p! $
+ S#b J# n cBn Dng ph_ :Y *
,*zd( { e %0 $ %09,)) & Y *zd( { e %0 $ Y *zd( { e *,??! Yzd( { eO,=N!
p! e ),>&
T l Nn : c hi Xo phYc j mU# p! R $ STn )&
& MG3 So c !,* !,N A
!,* !,N A !, * !,NbC
!,* !,NC b b
M M!,P + ! =,O=+ ! M C M
= %%000 mol .m l ; = 2cm
MG3 So c =,! A :
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
43/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
44/82
fng kn c; trong mu l: mg m Mn ?,PP=N,M>+?ON,! == +^!M,!!+
P**?,P
^ == Mn
Bi 4) Ho3 tan W Y mg m t m+u .#?a Ni D3 Co D3o (ung (8.#F sau 71 .#o t#>mWF^ Quinolin 72 t o )#?. DSi Ni D3 Co D3 )#a t#3n# WYYml4 LTh (ung (8.# n3h )# #T) t#j V VI U b
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
45/82
^!!NN,!!!*M!,!
!+!=,dCr ^
O
=* ==
Bi : C * =
H J H J
+!+
! CN
! OH CN H
CN
+ >
=,!= !,>=
H J H J
! + ! !+ ! OH CN H > H J
Erong ;: H J ! OH < _ ! ,N?+zd(Y{ _ !* , ?+zd(Y{* _ ! =!,O?+zd(Y{=
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
46/82
H JCN H < _ (8CF+z(_{ < _ !!,NM+z(_{QUt i'u Bi`n cZa cn %"ng phL: ,=+zd(Y{= ) ! = H*J
p( H J ! OH H JCN H z 58CF*_{Iz 5=_{ ,=+zd(Y{=
* ! *,O= ! YM,=== ! !,P* ! ,? ! Y*,==
e2t lu\n: t3o ph/c 9 p( < * t t hAn p( < =+ Eu- nhi0n, &o i'u Bi`n H
cng cha thoD 9 p( < *, c n lu 2n %'n cZa ph/c trong u tr.nh o+ %+4ung &ch chu@n: Ec < =P,?^ 7c < * lgEc < !,>!
Cc < !,!! +M!! !
mm .
.
AC C M A
= = =
ppm 5 < O,*=+ !YM+ !Y=+M!+OM! !! !+ +M ! M+MO < =>P HppmJ
^ 5 < O,*=+ !YM+ !Y=+M!+M! !! !! O!+ + +M ! M * < !,M! ^
Bi "( 58n# l
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
47/82
# a tan t'ong HClF %iOW tan t#3n# ( ng %i` 4 %'ong m i t'cmJ
kjt Bhc: Y=* m !! !!^Eid
Bi 1'( 58n# l
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
48/82
=,! A =,!bC =,!C b
>>, ?+ !C M
kjt Bhc: Y== = * m !! !!^CrHFd J +P( d!!+ < H^J! m
Cm < ,*M+ !YM
+m==,=Om g
4ung &ch chu@n: Cc < +!,!!! < !Y> k 7 c < !,?*
4ung &ch mu: Cm 7m < !,=M
Cm ON+ !Y> k
> Y== = *
!! !!^CrHFd J +P( dON+ ! + ! + !!+>!!+
JI CK NG SMC " Bi 1
Enh a l thu-2t hi`u lVc n5W # (5W cZa h` c B c; tnh chKt au:*N! w =!! w
A & $ $t s t s= = > w M + A & s s= = Ehi gian ch2t l tm< ! , ct c; chi'u&i l =,*m+
Gii:Eh5o l thu-2t ta c; a l thu-2t hi`u lVc n5W l:
( )**
+=
" "
n w #1i B l t &ung tch+*
O = t t n M $!;
**N!O O>!!> A
n = = *=!!O O>!!M &
n = = ET ; ta c;: i #1i pic 7: *N! ! *?w!
$ M
M
t t " t
= = = **?O>!! MPM ,!?
*? A!; n = = +
i #1i pic ~: =!! ! *Pw! $ M
M
t t " t
= = = **PO>!! MPN!,>*P &!;
n = = +
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
49/82
]\-, M!OM,?!; n = w =!! !,!M=MPOM,?!; H = = +Bi 2:
Er0n c B G ngi ta thu c = pic 9 !,N> ph t # !,O! ph t #
,!N ph t tAng /ng #1i cc hp chKt 7,~ # C+ (p chKt 7 Bh ng lu g %9i pha tnh lng+ Cc pic cZa cc hp chKt ~ # C c; &3ng ng chi'u rng tAng /ng !,MO # !,MP ph t+ cao c B %"ng *N,=cm+ Enh a l thu-2t HnJ cZa ct c B # chi'u cao a l thu-2t
pic ~,C+*+ Enh gi tr trung %.nh E # cZa ct+=+ Enh ch| lu giv cZa chKt ~,C+>+ Eh tch cZa chKt lng c giv tr0n %' mjt cZa chKt mang cZa c*,=ml+ Eh tch cZa pha ng %"ng ?,Oml+ ( - tnh h` phn % ~,C
Gii:4 %-n# n D3 H:_ i #1i pic ~:
* *
~
!,O!O O M?== !,MO $&
&
t n = = = _ i #1i pic C
* *
C
,!NO O MO>= !,MP
$C C
t n = = = ]\- a l thu-2t cZa ct tAng Ang MONN a l thu-2t+
_ Chi'u cao a l thu-2t:=*N,= >,P?M+ ! H JMONN L H .mn
= = =
W4 %-n# D3 %:
ET*
* = ** + MONN+H>,P?M+ ! J !,=?MH Jn n H .m H
= = = =
Ea c;: ~+ !,O+!,=?M!, > H J*N,= &t % )#ut
L = = =
C+ ,!N+!,=?M!, >?H J*N,=C
t % )#ut L
= = =
!, > !, >? !, >>H J*% )#ut += =
^+C#k s l !,!?P!,O
m &
$&
t $t
= = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
50/82
!,N> !,!?O,!Nm
C $C
t $t
= = =
`4 H s )#,n b &FC:
Ea c;:H J ?,OH !,!?PJ O,ON
+ + !,!?P+ *,=
m m & & &
m & &
V V $ $ "
V " V $ V
= = = =+ H J ?,OH !,!?OJ ?,>!
+ + !,!?O+ *,=m m C
C C m C C
V V $ $ " V " V $ V
= = = =+Bi 3
Xic c B cZa hp chKt Q c pht hi`n au M ph t au Bhi #oHl c ; cZa hp chKt Bh ng c giv %9i #\t li`u cZa ct xuKt hi`n u,=* ph tJ+ Xic cZa chKt Q c; &3ng ng phn % Sau #1i %' rng c- l *>,* + &i cZa ct l >!,*cm++ Enh a l thu-2t trong ct+*+ Enh ( cZa ct+=+ Enh E # cZa ct+>+ Enh ch| lu giv cZa chKt Q+M+ ET phAng php chu@n % %i2t r"ng th tch cZa chKt lng %' mjt cZa chKt mang cZa ct %"ng P,Pml+ Eh tch cZa pha ng %*,=ml+ ( - tnh h` phn % Q+O+ Ei0u chu@n phn chia Q # l %ao nhi0u n2u -2u t phn chia i # %"ng ,! +
Gii:4 7a l} t#uh t /n0:
** =!*,*>
O!+MO
O
**
Q
=
=
= $X X t
n
W4 %-n# H:Ea c; JH!+N*,** =!
*,>! = .mn L
H H L
n ====
^4 %-n# D3 %:
ET JH*?,!J!+N*,+H** =!+ *=***
.m H n H
n ====
Ea c;: JH!,!*,>!*?,!+M+
)#ut Lt
% ===
`4 C#k s l
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
51/82
Ea c;: P,*P,P+!NN,!J!NN,!H=,*
+JH
+===+=
m X
m
m
V $ $V
" V " V
V $
4 %i>u .#u n )#,n .#ia /$ s 0:Ea c;: >,!J!,H>
** =!JH
>===
n $
#1i l -2u t phn chia+Bi 4: kt h` th ng c B lng ho3t ng #1i cc th ng au -:
Y Chi'u &i cZa ph n ct c nhGi pha tnh: *M,* cm+Y E c & ng: !,= * mlIph t+Y Eh tch pha ng H]mJ: ,>! ml+Y Eh tch pha tnh H]J: !, ON ml+
8au Bhi cho ua ct mt h n hp ch/a > cKu t$ 7,~,C # 4 thu c mc B G cung cKp cc &v Bi`n au:
CKu t$ Ehi gian lu giv,ph t Chi'u rng chn pic,ph teh ng lu giv %9i ct ,*
7 >,? !,>N~ N,N !,P*C *,M ,=>4 =,N ,>>
( - tnh:+ 8 a l thu-2t i #1i m i pic,gi tr trung %.nh, l`ch chu@n
# chi'u cao a l thu-2t cZa ct+
*+ (` ch/a # h` phn % cZa tTng cKu t$+=+ phn giDi 8, chbn lbc i #1i * cKu t$ C,4+>+ Chi'u &i ct n2u mu n 3t c phn giDi ,M i #1i * cKu
C,4+Gii
+ 8$ &Lng phAng tr.nh : *OH J $t n = tnh c a l thu-2t
n < M=>~: n O=C: n < =P*4: n < >OP nt% < M!! *M,* !,! ?M!!tb
L H .mn
= = =*
* ** + M!!+H!,! ?J !,OOH Jn n H .m H
= = = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
52/82
*+ H s .#?a D3 # s )#,n b .Ra t@ng .Tu tv4
sp &Lng c ng th/c $ m X m
t t " t = ta tnh c h` ch/a cZa tTng cKu
t$ :
B7 < *,P w B~ < O,=w BC < P,> B4 < !+ET c ng th/c X X M
K V " V
= ta tnh c h` phn % cZa tTng cKu t$ :e 7 < *>w e ~ < M=w e C < ?Nw e 4 < N?w^4 5 )#,n gidi $ F 7 .#n l. 7 i DSi W .Tu tv CF*4
C 4
* !,P> N? , *?N
$ s
*
C
t $
K K
= =+
= = =
>+C#iJu (3i . t 72 7 )#,n gidi gi a .6. .Tu tv 7 t h>u . u t i t#i2u l3F 7 i DSi W .Tu tv CF*;" D3 "# ng t#ah 7 i "#i n D3 L twng +Sbi n,n* l a l thu-2t cZa ct c # ct m1i,ta c;:
,*
,* * *
!,P> M!! =N!!,M! s
s
$ nn
$ n n= = =
Chi'u &i ct phn giDi t ng l0n ,M:f * < (+n* < !,! ?+ =N!! < OM cm+
Bi 5: Cho h` c B c; tnh chKt au:*N! w =!! w A & $ $t s t s= = > w M + A & s s= =
Ct c; chi'u &i l =,*m+ Eha- 6i chi'u &i tT =*! cm l0n >!! cm+ E phn giDiRGii:
>!!*N!+ =M!H J=*! $A
t s= = >!!=!!+ =?MH J=*! $&t s= =* *
7
*N!O+ O O>!! > $A
A
t n = = =
* *
~
=!!O+ O O>!! M $&
&
t n = = = * >!!O+ O>!!+ N!!! =*!
$t n = = =
Ea c;:n
O+t
+O*
*=
= $t n
*
7O+H=M!J M,OMH JN!!!
s= =*
~O+H=?MJ O,??H JN!!!
s= =
( )*+ =?M =M!,M>M,OM O,?? $ = =+
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
53/82
Bi $Erong c B Bh t c &i chu-n cZa pha ng c; th o c t
ti2p, n2u a #o mt lng no ; cZa chKt tan tAng tV nh m5tan,Bh ng c giv %9i pha tnh+ Erong ct mao uDn c; chi'u &i M!mw
gian lu trv cZa m5tan %"ng ? ,M wc n thi gian giv cZa nYh5pta&5c*,O ph t+ ( - cho %i2t:a+ E c &i chu-n cZa pha ng %"ng %ao nhi0uR %+ E c &i chu-n cZa &Di nYh5pta&5can %"ng %ao nhi0uR
Giia+ Ea c; f < M! m < M!!! cm+ E < ? ,M ]\- t c &i chu-n cZa pha ng l:
M!!! OP,P= I? ,M $
L .m st
= = =
%+ i #1i nYh5pta&5can: t < *,O ph t < ?MO + ]\- t c &i chu-n cZa &Di l:M!!! O,O I?MO
.m s= = +Bi %
kt ct c B mao uDn &i =!m, ch3- mt chKt chu@n 9 hai t pha ng Bhc nhau, cho cc li`u au:
E c HcmI J 8 a l thu-2t!,M M! !!!
*! !!!Qc nh #\n t c t i u,chi'u cao a l thu-2t cVc tiu # a lthu-2t 9 #\n t c t i u ;,cho 7
GiiEF ( < =!!!I M!!!! < !,!* cmEF* ( * < =!!!I *!!!! < !,!*M cm+Ea c; phAng tr.nh:
!,!* !,M!,M
!,!*M
& C
&C
= +
= +SiDi phAng tr.nh ta c : C< !,!* w ~ < !,!!M cm*I + t i u < H~ICJI* < !,M cmI( min < *H~+CJI* < !,!* cm+8 a l thu-2t 9 #\n t c t i u l:
=!!! M!!!!!,!*
n = = +
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
54/82
Bi &kt ct &i =O! cm &[ng tch propan # %utan %"ng phAngc B Bh+ 4[ng th1c ngi ta o c BhoDng cch tT l c %Am m
|nh cZa pic c B l n lt l M*,M mm # > M,M mm,%' rng chnl n lt l =,M mm # ==,N mm+ Enh a l thu-2t # chi'u cao
thu-2t /ng #1i m i chKt+ Gii8$ &Lng phAng tr.nh : *OH J
$t n = tnh c a l thu-2tnHpropanJ < *!>*nH%utanJ < *> OChi'u cao a l thu-2t L H n= ta c(HpropanJ < !, ?O cm(H%utanJ < !, >P cm+
Bi ' kt h n hp ch/a m5t-l xicloh5xan,m5t-l xicloh5x5n # tolu5n tch %"ng phAng php c B lng Bh tr0n ct nhGi &i >* cm+ cung cKp thi gian lu cZa ch ng l n lt l !, w ,! w =,M # chi'u r pic l n lt l !,?M w !,N! w ,!M ph t+ ( - tnh:
+ 8 a l thu-2t i #1i m i pic, gi tr trung %.nh, l`ch chu@n # chi'u cao a l thu-2t cZa ct+
*+ phn giDi giva m5t-l xicloh5xan # m5t-l xicloh5x5n,giva mxicloh5x5n # tolu5n+ Cho %i2t Bh c $ &Lng l Bh ng Bh tHeeJ < ,* ph t HBh ng Bh c x5m l cKu t$ Bh ng % lu giv %ctJ+
=+ ( - tnh chi'u &i ct phn giDi giva cc cKu t$ 3t -0u c uthiu l ,M+
Giie hi`u 7 : m5t-l xicloh5xan
~: m5t-l xicloh5x5nC: tolu5n+
+ 8$ &Lng phAng tr.nh : *OH J $t n = tnh c a l thu-2t
7: n < *P!*~: n < =!*MC: n M nt% < *P!!
>*! !,! M*P!!tb
L H .mn
= = =*
* ** + *P!!+H!,! MJ !,N H Jn n H .m H
= = = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
55/82
*+ 5 )#,n gidi gi a m!thl xi.lo#!xan D3 m!thl xi.lo#!x!nFgi a m!thl xi.lo#!x!n D3 tolu!n
,7 ~
,7 ~
* , O
* *,?!
$ s A &
$ s & C
t $
t $
= =+
= =+=+C#iJu (3i . t 72 7 )#,n gidi gi a .6. .Tu tv 7 t h>u . u t i t#i2u l3
F +
]. ,7Y~ < *,?!} ,M n0n ch| c n tnh chi'u &i phn giDi giva ~ 3t -0u c u ,M+
Sbi n,n* l a l thu-2t cZa ct c # ct m1i,ta c;:,
*
,* * *
, O *P!! >N!!,M!
s
s
$ nn
$ n n
= = =
Chi'u &i ct phn giDi t ng l0n ,M:f * < (+n* < !,! M+ >N!! < ?= cm+
Bi 1(:kt phUp c B Bh $ &Lng ct &i =O m, ch3- chKt chu@n 9
nghi`m #1i t c pha ng Bhc nhau cho cc pic c; thi gian lu # rng pic nh au:
Eh nghi`m u HcmI J t H J H J! =!! *!
* *! *M! O= =! M! !Qc nh #\n t c t i u, a l thu-2t cho ct #\n hnh 9 #\n t c
t i u ;Gii :
Eh5o phAng tr.nh ]anY455mt5r, mu n xc nh c #\n t c t i u( min # a l thu-2t ta c n xc nh cc h` 7, ~, C+ ku n #\- ta xcnh a l thu-2t # chi'u cao a l thu-2t cho tTng th nghi`m :
Ea c; : f
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
56/82
C &
A !!
!!, ++= H JC
& A *!
*!P*,! ++= H*J
C &
A =!=!
!!, ++= H=JSiDi h` gGm = phAng tr.nh H J, H*J # H=J ta c:7< !,=O HcmJ, ~ < >,N Hcm*I J # C < !,! O H J]\n t c t i u, ( min # a l thu-2t c tnh l :
JIH=*,?! O,!
N,> s.m
C &
u toiuu ===
JHP >,!! O,!+N,>*=O,!+*min .mC & A H =+=+=
=P=PP >,!
=O!! === H L
n
BI TP HPLC Bi 1 *2+422,( Ehi gian c n i ua %9i pha &i ng chu-n ua ct %*M ph t+ Si tr i #1i chKt tan c; thi gian giv l *O ph t phDi %"nhi0u R ChKt tan c; %ao nhi0u thi gian 9 trong cc pha &i chu-ntnh tr1c Bhi ra Bhi ct R
~i giDi :
Ea c; : < M M
t t t
= +
*M L= w *O
L=
ChKt tan c; P,O^ thi gian 9 pha ngP,O *O
!! M t = < *M ph t w t8 < *O *M < *=O ph t
Bi 2 *3,( Enh a l thu-2t trung %.nh # chi'u cao a l thu-2t %.nh cZa mt ct c B c; chi'u cao =,*m+ ~i2t tT l c % t u %Am m u ct th. pic cZa cKu t$ 7 3t gi tr cVc 3i : =M! w cKu t$ ~ l =? %i2t 7< > w ~< M ~i giDi:
# pha ng#chKt tan
# pha ng #chKt tan
*M!,!PO
*O $ = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
57/82
a} 8 a l thu-2t:*
O+
$t N =
Y i #1i cKu t$ 7:
* *
7
=M!O+ O+ !!!! >
$
A
t
N
= = =
Y i #1i cKu t$ ~:* *
~
=?MO+ O+ !!!!
M & $
&
t N
= = =
8 a l thu-2t trung %.nh : !!!!*
A & N N N += =
%} Chi'u cao a trung %.nh:
>=,* =, *+ ! !, !=*!!!!
L H m .m
N = = = =
Bi 3 *2+422, ( i #1i chKt tan cho Bhi &[ng ct c B xc %"ng !, + Eh tch cZa pha &i chu-n trong ct ]k l *,! ml+ Si tr t8 i#1i chKt tan %"ng %ao nhi0u Bhi t c & ng cZa pha &i ng %mlIph t R Enh e 4 n2u ]8< !,Mml
~i giDi : Ea c; : M
M
t t t
= +
]1i tk < *! < !,*
!+* !,!* !, t = + t8 < ,N ph t < !N gi-
kjt Bhc : *
M
$ V K V
=+ < !,
!,!+*
!+* t = +
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
58/82
!, !,M* *
K =
+ e 4 < =O
Bi 4 *2+422, ( (` phn % e i #1i chKt 7 trong ct c B cho 9 %tr0n l1n hAn o #1i chKt ~+ (p chKt no trong cc hp chKt c gihAn trong ct c BR
~i giDi :
Ea c; : A A
M
V K V
=+ #
&
& M
V K V
=+
k : ] 8 < con t w ]k < con t F2u e 7 } e ~ th. 7 ) ~ ChKt 7 c giv m3nh hAn chKt ~ trong ct c B+
Bi 5 *2+422, ( E c &i chu-n cZa pha &i ng trong ct c; chi'u &icm %"ng !,! cmIgi-+ r$a cKu t$ 7 c n >! ph t+ Xh n no cZa thichung cZa V r$a c n c; mjt cZa cKu t$ 7 trong pha &i ng R Si
i #1i hp chKt n- %"ng %ao nhi0uR~i giDi :
Ea c; : ! O! < >, O+ !Y=cmIgi-
8u- ra : M
M
t t t = + < !,> O?
] : tk _ t8 < >! ph t Bi *2+422,( Erong c B Bhi t c &i chu-n cZa pha ng c; thtrVc ti2p, n2u a #o mt lng %o ; cZa chKt tan tAng tV m
# pha ng#chKt tan
< !,> O?
tk < < O,OON ph t< !!! gi-
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
59/82
Bh ng c giv %9i pha tnh+ Erong ct mao uDn c; chi'u &i M!m thgiv cZa m5tan %"ng ? ,M gi-, c n thi gian giv cZa nYh5pta5can l ph t+
a}E c &i chu-n cZa pha ng %"ng %ao nhi0u R %}E c &i chu-n cZa &Di nYh5ptan5can %"ng %ao nhi0u Rc}Si tr i #1i &Di cZa nYh5ptan5can %"ng %ao nhi0u R
~i giDi :a}E c &i chu-n cZa pha ng :
#k *!!
]1i M,!M O! P!= A $t = = gi- 7 < MM,?= gi-
]1i >,N* O! NNP,* & $t = = gi- ~ < M>,NN gi-
~
P!= NNP, ** * !,*M
MM,?= M>,NN A & $ $
A
t t $
= = = + + phn giDi < :
Ea c; :~
*
A & $ $
A
t t $
= + < 7 _ ~ < *?,O ph t H J
kjt Bhc : A & $ $ A &
t t
= ! & A $ A $ &t t =
>,N*+ 7 M,!M+ ~ < ! H*JET H J # H*J ta c : 7 < =,OP> ph t
~ < =,P!O ph t Bi 15 *3,( Ei2n hnh c B h n hp * chKt 7 # ~ tr0n ct c B c; ch
&i fm c; a l thu-2t n < N!! a+ E c tu-2n tnh cZa * cK# ~ trong pha ng l n lt l * cmI w ,O cmI , tm < ! +
a} Enh t7# t~ %} C; th tch 7 # ~ ra Bhi nhau c Bh ng Rc} Enh phn giDi cZa phUp c B+
F
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
66/82
~i giDi:
a} Ea c; : $ L
t
= ]1i : f Y chi'u cao ct c B
Y E c tu-2n tnh cZa cKu t$Y CKu t$ 7 :
7
>!!*!!
* A $ L
t s
= = =
Y CKu t$ ~:~
>!!*M!
,O & $ L
t s
= = =
%} Enh h` tch :
*!! !!,N
*M! ! A A
& &
$ $ m
$ $ m
t t t
t t t
= = = =
]- c; th tch * chKt 7 # ~ ra Bhi nhau+ Bi 1 *2+42$,( Cc thi gian giv cZaY chol5 tan # Y chol5 tan trong h`chKt lng pha r n tr0n ct c B c; chi'u &i m # #1i hi`u uD !> a lthu-2t tAng /ng %"ng >!*M # > !! gi-+ F2u * hp chKt n- c n phn chia #1i phn giDi %"ng mt th. c n %ao nhi0u a l thu-c mLc ch n- R Chi'u &i no cZa &3ng n- c n nh\n c giDi ch| ra, n2u (< !, mmR
~i giDi :
Ea c; :~
*
A & $ $
A
t t $
= + !*M t < > !!
kjt Bhc : A & $ $ A &
t t
= ! & A $ A $ &t t = H*J
ET H J # H*J ta c : 7 < ?>,= gi- ~ < ?M,OP gi-
7
~
7 _ ~ < M! H J
FOP>* a
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
67/82
]1i ( < !, mm f < >,OP>* m Bi 1! *5+525,( Xic c B cZa hp chKt c pht hi`n au M ph t Bhimu #o Hl c ; pic cZa hp chKt Bh ng c giv %9i #\t li`u cZa c
hi`n ua ,=* ph tJ+ Xc cZa chKt Q ; c; &3ng ng phn % Sau #1rng cZa - l *>,* + &i cZa ct l >!,* cm+
a} Enh a l thu-2t trong ct+ %} Enh ( cZa ctc} Enh E # cZa ct+&} Enh ch| lu giv cZa Q +
5} ET phAng php chu@n % %i2t r"ng th tch cZa chKt ln %' mjt
cZa chKt mang cZa ct %"ng P,P+ Eh tch cZa pha ng %"ng *,= h"ng phn % e 4+
~i giDi :a} Enh F :
*
O $t N = ,* !,* !,! N** =!
L H N
= = = mm
c} Enh E # :*>,*
O,!M> >
% = = = gi-*
* N H = =,N + ! + ** =! !,*? H N = = = cm
&} Enh : ,=* !,!NNM $ = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
68/82
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
69/82
Ea c; :*
* N H = !,>P?+ MONN =?,>N H N = = =
c} Enh ch| lu giv cZa ~ # C :
!,N> !,!?P!,O & $ = = w !,N> !,!?O,!NC $ = =
&} Enh :
&
&
* M
$ V K V
=+ < *,=
?,O & * K + < !,!?P O,ON* & * K =
EAng tV : ?,>C * K =
4o ; :O,ON*!,PO?,>
&
C
*
*
K K
= = =
Bi 1$ *3,( Erong u tr.nh tch c B cZa * chKt 7 # ~ trong ct c B
chi'u &i !,P m ta thu c cc pic tAng /ng:?*! A $t s= # ?M! & $t s= +Chi'u rng cc pic c; &3ng ng phn % Sau : 7 < *> , ~ < *M +
~i2t tm < M! +a} Enh a # chi'u cao a l thu-2t trung %.nh+ %} Enh a l thu-2t hi`u lVc cZa h` c B+c} Enh phn giDi+
~i giDi :
a} 7a l} t#uh t:*
O+
$t N =
Y i #1i cKu t$ 7: 7* *
7
?*!O+ O+ >>!!
*> $
A
t N
= = =
Y i #1i cKu t$ ~:* *
~
?M!O+ O+ >>!!
*M & $
&
t N
= = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
70/82
*>OP *M>>*M!O
* ; n
+= =
8 a l thu-2t trung %.nh : >>!!*
A & N N N += =
C#iJu .ao 7a t'ung bqn#:
M =!,P O,*M+ ! O,*M+ !>>!!
L H m .m N
= = = =
%} 8 a l thu-2t hi`u lVc :*
O+
$ m ;
t t n
=
Y CKu t$ 7: 7* *
7
?*! M!O+ O+ *>OP
*> A $ m
;
t t n
= = =
Y CKu t$ ~:* *
~
?M! M!O+ O+ *M>>
*M &
&
$ m ;
t t n = = =
8 a l thu-2t hi`u lVc trung %.nh:c} phn giDi:
( ) ( )7 ~
*+ * ?M! ?*!, **>M
*> *M & A $ $
t t $
= = =+ + Bi 2' *3,( Erong u tr.nh ti2n hnh c B cZa cc chKt trong ct c Bchi'u &i >M cm+ Fgi ta thu c tr0n c G = pic tAng /ng : O!=?M /ng #1i = cKu t$ Q, , + Cc pic c; &3ng ng Sau cZa # < *> , < *M c n chKt Q Bh ng c lu giv %9i #\t li`u ct+
a} Enh a l thu-2t trung %.nh # chi'u cao a th5o pic # + %} Enh a l thu-2t hi`u lVc cZa ct c B+
c} Enh h` lu giv tAng i giva # +5} Eh tch cZa chKt lng c giv tr0n %' mjt chKt mang cZa
N,?ml+ Eh tch pha ng %"ng ,Mml+ Enh h` phn % cZa ~i giDi:
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
71/82
a} N # H th5o # :
8 a l thu-2t:*
O+
$t N =
Y i #1i cKu t$ : * *
=O!O+ O+ =O!!
*> $
Y
t N
= = =
Y i #1i cKu t$ :* *
=?MO+ O+ =O!!
*M $
t N
= = =
8 a l thu-2t trung %.nh : =O!!*
Y N N N += =
Chi'u cao a trung %.nh:>M
!,! *M=O!!
L H .m
N = = =
%} 8 a l thu-2t hi`u lVc:*
O+
$ m ;
t t n
=
Y CKu t$ :
* *
=O! O!
O+ O+ *M!! *>Y $ m
;
t t
n
= = =
Y CKu t$ : * *
=?M O!O+ O+ *M>!
*M $ m
;
t t n
= = =
8 a l thu-2t hi`u lVc trung %.nh:*M!! *M>! *M*!*
; n += =
c} Enh h` lu giv tAng i giva 7 # ~:
=O! O!!,PM*
=?M O!Y Y
$ $ m
$ $ m
t t t
t t t
= = = =
5} Ea c; :*
O+
$ m ;
t t n
= / 0
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
72/82
+ *m
V K K
V =Ea l3i c; : t < tm+H _ e J $m
t t
K = +
/W0 H]1i : J
Eha- H*J #o H J ta c:*
**
O+ O+
$ $
$ ;
t t t K K n
K
+= = +
*
+ ; K
n N K
= +
Y QUt cKu t$ :*
+Y Y
; Y
K n N
K = +
*M!!!,N===
=O!!Y ; Y
Y
n K
K N = = =+
MY K =k :
,M+ M+ O,O
N,?Y Y m
Y * * Y m
V V K K K K
V V = = = =
Enh ton tAng tV i #1i cKu t$ ta c :O,P> * K =
BI TP GCBi 1 : E c &i chu-n cZa pha &i ng trong ct c; chi'u &i !
%"ng !,! cmIgi-+ r$a cKu t$ 7 c n >! ph t+ Xh n no cZa thi chung cZa V r$a c n c; mjt cZa cKu t$ 7 trong pha &i ng R Si i #1i hp chKt n- %"ng %ao nhi0uR &3i gidi :Ea c; : ! O! < >, O+ !Y=cmIgi-
# pha ng] chKt tan < !,> O?
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
73/82
8u- ra : M M
t t t
= + < !,> O?
] : tk _ t8 < >! ph t
Bi 2 : Erong nhvng i'u Bi`n xc nh, trong ct c B phn % Blng cho ngi ta r$a giDi chKt 7, c;
kjt Bhc : !,M M M *
V $V K V
= =+ ] k < !,M+]k _ !,M+ ,M+e 4
] k < !,M+]k _ !,?M+e 4 H*J ET H J # H*J : ]k _ ,M+e 4 < !! ] k < M!
!,M+]k !,?M+e 4 < ! e 4 < ==,== F2u ] t ng gKp * : ] < ]k _ e 4+]8
*!! < M! _ ==,==+]8 ] 8 < >,M ml
] 8 < =+]8]\- t ng 3i lng ] l0n gKp * l n th. phDi t ng ]8 l0n = l n+Ea Bh ng th &[ng thTa n- cho tKt cD cc trng hp mu n t ng ] l0n *l n #. #1i m i phUp c B c; cc 3i lng ]k # e 4 Bhc nhau+
tk < !,> O? >! < O,OON ph t< !!! gi-
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
74/82
Bi 3 : Ehi gian c n i ua %9i pha &i ng chu-n ua ct %"n ph t+ Si tr i #1i chKt tan c; thi gian giv l *O ph t phDi %"nnhi0u+ ChKt tan c; %ao nhi0u thi gian 9 trong cc pha &i chu-n
tnh tr1c Bhi ra Bhi ct R &3i gidi :
Ea c; : < M M
t t t
= +
*M L= w *O
L=
ChKt tan c; P,O^ thi gian 9 pha ngP,O *O
!! M t = < *M ph t w t8 < *O *M < *=O ph t
Bi 4 : (i`u uD cZa mt ct c B l !M a l thu-2t+a+ ( - tnh %' rng cZa cc pc nh\n c tr0n ct n- 9 cc thi gian g!!, !!! # ! > gi-+ ChKp nh\n r"ng : &3ng cZa pc tAng /ng ng c
phn % Sau +
%+ F2u chi'u &i cZa ct %"ng *m th. trong trng hp n- chi'u caoAng #1i a l thu-2t %"ng %ao nhi0uR &3i gidi :
a+ ET c ng th/c :*
O $t N =
>
$t N
= > $t
N =
]1i t < !! gi- < ,*OM gi-
]1i t< !!! gi- * < *,OM gi-]1i t < !> gi- = < *O,M gi-
%+ Ea c; : L H N
= ( < M* !!
! =!,! * cm
# pha ng] chKt tan
# pha ng ] chKt tan
*M!,!PO
*O $ = =
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
75/82
Bi 5: i #1i chKt tan cho Bhi &[ng ct c B xc nh %!, + Eh tch cZa pha &i chu-n trong ct ]k l *,! ml+ Si tr t8 i #1i chKttan %"ng %ao nhi0u Bhi t c & ng cZa pha &i ng %"ng ! mlIph t
e 4 n2u ]8< !,Mml &3i gidi :
Ea c; : M M
t t t
= +
]1i tk < *! < !,*
!+* !,!* !, t = + t8< ,N ph t < !N gi-
kjt Bhc : *
M
$ V K V
=+ < !,
!, !,M* *
K =
+ e 4 < =O
Bi $ : Fgi ta th$ nghi`m ct c B Bh Y lng c; chi'u &i *m t c Bhc nhau cZa & ng, mjt Bhc, lm pha &i ng ngi ta h0li+ e2t uD th$ nghi`m t.m thK- r"ng ct c; cc jc trng au :
k0tanHpha &i ngJ nYocta5can
t t N+* gi- *!*! gi- **= gi-N+! gi- NNN gi- PP gi-M+! gi- MMN gi- ON gi-
a+ ( - xc nh t c &i chu-n cZa pha ng i #1i m i & ng+ %+ ( - xc nh a l thu-2t # gi tr ( i #1i m i & ng+
!,!+*
!+* t = +
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
76/82
c+ ~"ng cch giDi Gng thi cc phAng tr.nh c n thi2t h - t.m cc gi
cZa cc h"ng trong phAng tr.nh au : & H A C uu
= + + &+ E c t i u cZa V &i chu-n cZa pha &i ng %"ng %ao nhi0u &3i gidi :
a+ E c &i chu-n cZa pha &i ng
u !M
=
cmI
%+ 8 a l thu-2t # gi tr ( :
F *N? =
HcmJ
F= < =* *
=
MMNO O !?OON $t
= =
( = < * !! !, NMP!O? =
HcmJ
c+ Qc nh 7, ~, C :
Ea c ; h` :
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
77/82
!, M*O
!, MM> *M*M!, NMP >!>!
& A C
& A C
& A C
= + +
= + +
= + +
=
!,!MP
!,OPM
*,?*P !
A
&
C
==
=
&+ E c t i u :
t < =!,OPM M,PO
*,?*P ! &C
= = cmI
Bi % : Xic c B cZa hp chKt c pht hi`n au M ph t Bhi a
#o Hl c ; pic cZa hp chKt Bh ng c giv %9i #\t li`u cZa ct xuKua ,=* ph tJ+ Xc cZa chKt Q ; c; &3ng ng phn % Sau #1i %'cZa - l *>,* + &i cZa ct l >!,* cm+
a+ Enh a l thu-2t trong ct+ %+ Enh ( cZa ctc+ Enh E # cZa ct+&+ Enh ch| lu giv cZa Q +5+ ET phAng php chu@n % %i2t r"ng th tch cZa chKt
tr0n %' mjt cZa chKt mang cZa ct %"ng P,P+ Eh tch cZa pha *,= ml+ Enh h"ng phn % e 4+~i giDi :a+ Enh F :
*
O $t
N
= ,*
!,* !,! N** =!
L H N
= = = mm
c+ Enh E # :
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
78/82
*>,* O,!M> >
% = = = gi-
*
* N
H
= =,N + ! + ** =! !,*? H N = = = cm
&+ Enh :,=* !,!NNM
$ = =
5+ Enh e 4 :
*
M
$ V K
V
=+ < P,P
*,= * K + < !,!NN e 4 < *,P
Bi &: aJ Enh a l thu-2t HnJ cZa ct c B # chi'u cao H(J cZathu-2t+ ~i2t thi gian lu: w=!!w*N! st st & A $ $ == rng pic:
+Mw> s s & A == Ct c; chi'u &i l =*! cm+ %J Enh phn giDi +cJ Enh phn giDi n2u tha- 6i chi'u &i ct tT =*! cm l0
cm+~i giDi:
aJ i #1i pic 7: O>!!>*N!
O*
=
=n
i #1i pic ~: O>!!M=!!
O*
=
=n
]\-, a l thu-2t cZa ct tAng Ang: n < O>!!+
Chi'u cao a l thu-2t: J+H!M,!O>!!=*!
.m H ==
%J phn giDi c nh ngha:
& A
$ $
t t $ & A +
=
*
Erong ;: i $t l thi gian lu cZa chKt i+
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
79/82
i l rng cZa pic cZa chKt i tr0n c B G+
8u- ra: =?P=,M>
=!!*N!** =+=+
=
& A
$ $
t t $ & A
Fh\n xUt: ,M } < ,=?P= } #. #\- phUp c B m1i ch| tch 7 # ~ ra Bhi nhau m cha 3t c phn giDi ng n'n+
cJ Cc gi tr t , n, cZa chKt 7 # ~ /ng #1i chi'u &i ct >!! cm lC6.# :
st st & A $ $
=?M=*!I>!!
=!!w=M!
=*!I>!!*N! ====
N!!!J=*!I>!!+HO>!! ==n
nt
$t n $
**
+OO =
=
M>,J??,OOM,MH
J=M!=?MH
??,ON!!!
=?M+O
OM,MN!!!
=M!+O
*
*
=+
=
==
==
$
s
s
&
A
C6.# W: 4o t| l` thu\n #1i fI* ta c; %iu th/c:
M>,=*!I>!!+=?P=,+ **** ==== L L
$ $ L L
$ $
e2t uD n- cho phn giDi t t hAn, phUp tch c B 3t giDi ng -+Bi ': kt phUp c B Bh $ &Lng ct &i =O m, ch3- chKt chu@n 9nghi`m #1i t c pha ng Bhc nhau cho cc pic c; thi gian lu # rng pic nh au:
Eh nghi`m u HcmI J t H J H J! =!! *!
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
80/82
* *! *M! O= =! M! !
Qc nh #\n t c t i u, a l thu-2t cho ct #\n hnh 9 #\n t ct i u ;~i giDi:
Eh5o phAng tr.nh ]anY455mt5r, mu n xc nh c #\n t c t i u( min # a l thu-2t ta c n xc nh cc h` 7, ~, C+ ku n #\- ta xcnh a l thu-2t # chi'u cao a l thu-2t cho tTng th nghi`m :
Ea c; : f,N Hcm*I J # C < !,! O H J]\n t c t i u, ( min # a l thu-2t c tnh l :
JIH=*,?! O,!
N,> s.m
C &
u toiuu ===
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
81/82
JHP >,!! O,!+N,>*=O,!+*min .mC & A H =+=+=
=P=PP >,!
=O!! === H L
n
Bi 1( ( Enh ch| lu eo#at cho hp chKt Q c; thi gian lu t HQJ< ,?M+Cho %i2t t HnYp5ntanJ< ,*M # t HnYh5ptanJ< *,M!+~i giDi
Fh #\- t HQJ n"m giva * nYparaWin thoD m n i'u Bi`n ' %i: t HnYp5ntanJ ) t HQJ ) t HnYh5ptanJ
sp &Lng phAng tr.nh eo#at cho cKu t$ Q nh au:
MP?
M!!
*M,lgM!,*lg
*M,lg?M,lg+*!!
=
+
=
X
X
I
I
Erong trng hp n- c; th n;i r"ng cKu t$ Q c; ngu-0n t$cac%on %iu Bi2n l M,P?+ CKu t$ n- c; thi gian lu g n %"ng thicZa nYh5xan qh 5xan < O!!+
-
7/21/2019 Bi Tp Phn Tch Ha L
82/82