CHNG I MC TIU, I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 1. Mc tiu nghin cu Nghin cu cch p xung trn CPU Intel Dual Core E2160 2. i tng nghin cu Vi x l Intel Dual Core E2160, xung nhp 1.8G 3. Phng php nghin cu: Da trn cc gio trnh, ti liu Internet, thc t.

http://vozforums.com/showthread.php?t=15989 http://www.free4vn.org/f102/t143052/ OverClock vi MainBoard GIGABYTE v CPU Dual Core. CHNG II MT S KHI NIM V CPU V P XUNG 1. Overclocking (OC - p xung): Vic lm tng xung nhp h thng hn mc xung mc nh (default) m cc nh sn xut linh kin my tnh a ra ngi ta gi l p xung. a s cc bo mch ch hin nay u c nhng cng ngh ring tng tc hot ng ca CPU tuy nhin nhng nng cp ny ch mt tm hn ch no - Ngi ta thng thc hin vic p xung cho CPU (b vi x l trung tm). Ram (B nh h thng), Graphic Card (card ho). 2. vCore: in th cung cp cho CPU. Mun CPU hoat ng CPU Speed cao thi cn phai cung cp cho no 1 lng vCore thich hp, nu khng thi CPU khng th n inh (stable) c. CPU Speed cang cao thi vCore cn phai cung cp cang ln. Cang tng vCore thi nhit (temp) cua CPU cang cao, y cung la 1 nguyn nhn gy nn s mt n inh khi OC cn phai u t thich hp cho cooling cn bng gia vCore va temp cua CPU. vCore cn thit CPU co th stable 1 mc CPU Speed nht inh la khac nhau i vi mi dong CPU va ca i vi mi CPU. Do vy khng th ap dung cung 1 settings cho nhng h thng khac nhau, cho du cac linh kin thanh phn co ging ht nhau. 3. BIOS: Basic Input/Output Systeme, l mt b nh trn Main, gi trch nhim nhn dng v lin kt cc b phn khc ca PC hot ng cng nhau. BIOS cha tt c nhng chc nng ta c th dng OC. Nhn phm "Del" (hoc cc phm khc ty mainboard) khi khi ng my vo BIOS. Ty theo main v cc phin bn BIOS m c cc option dng OC vi cc tn gi khc nhau nh Asus tp trung cc option dnh cho OC vo "Advanced Menu", Gigabyte l "MB Intelligent Tweaker", MSI l "Cell menu" hay "Frequency/Voltage Control"... 4. Clear CMOS: l mt thao tc a cc mc nh BIOS v default, c s dng khi PC khng th khi ng c na sau mt ln OC no . Cch lm Clear CMOS ca mi main mi khc nhau, cch duy nht bit l c quyn hng dn km theo main. 3. FSB v h s nhn: Tc ca CPU ph thuc vo Bus mt trc (FSB) v h s nhn (multiplier).

Xung CPU = FSB * multiplier, n v tnh l Hz(Hertz). a/ Bus mt trc FSB: L ch vit tt ca Front Side Bus, gi trch nhim lin lc gia CPU v NorthBridge (hay thng c gi l chipset) ca Main nn vic tng FSB cng ng ngha vi tng ton tc ton b h thng. b/ H s nhn: Do tc ca cc bus khc (PCI, RAM,..) u ph thuc vo tc ca bus mt trc (FSB), h s nhn c s dng iu chnh tc ca cc bus ny gip cho cc thit b hot ng n nh. Mi thit b c mt h s nhn khc nhau. Mt vi h s nhn lm tng tc ca thit b so vi tc ca FSB nh h s nhn ca CPU (ty thuc vo CPU). Mt vi h s nhn ca cc thit b khc li lm chm tc ca thit b so vi tc ca FSB v d nh ca AGP. Mi loai CPU thi co h s nhn khac nhau va s bus cung se khac nhau. Hin nay thi co rt nhiu loai CPU a co mt trn thi trng va co hai nhan hiu san xut CPU ni ting trn th gii, AMD va Intel. Cac CPU nay c phn chia thanh cac dong khac nhau phu hp cho tng i tng

CHNG 3 TIN HNH OVERCOCK (P XUNG) TRN CPU DUAL CORE E2160 1. Mt s im cn lu khi OverClock Phi c kin thc c bn v phn cng my tnh. OverClock i hi s kin nhn, khng c nng vi trong vic Test Stable ( n nh). Thc hin cc thay i v FSB, FSB/DRAM (Ratio), vCore, VDIMM,... mt cch t t, t thp cho n cao. Khng nn p dng nguyn xi Settings ca ngi khc vo h thng ca mnh. Tt c cc kt qu OverClock ch mang tnh cht tham kho, n cho ta bit c kh nng OverClock ca tng loi CPU, RAM,... PSU (Ngun PC): in th se quyt inh s phn, bn cua cac thit bi va n inh. Khng nn s dng nhng loi PSU km cht lng, khng t c ng cng sut danh nh v khi OC, in cung cp ko u, lam cho h thng hoat ng ko n inh. Vit Nam, cc OverClocker thng s dng PSU ca cc hng nh: ACBEL, COOLER MASTER, GIGABYTE, ASUS, ANTEC, FSP, SILVER STONE,... Nhng tn tui PSU rt ni ting trn th gii. OC cao, cng sut thc cua PSU it nht phai trn 380W hoc hn cang tt. Cooling (H thng tn nhit): Khi xung nhp cang cao, lng nhit toa ra cung se nhiu. V vy cn phi c cc bin php gii nhit tht tt cho CPU nhit khng vt qu gii hn cho php. H thng tn nhit cng tt th kh nng OverClock cng cao. Sau khi OC, phi kim tra tnh n nh ca h thng bng cch chy cc phn mm Stress CPU, RAM... test ton b h thng trong mt thi gian di nhm kim tra tnh n nh ca h thng khi OC. 2. Mt s phn mm dng theo di h thng khi OverClock CPU-Z: Cho bit thng s ca CPU, MainBoard, RAM SpeedFan: Cho bit nhit CPU Multicore, HDD, VGA, PC,... Core Temp: Cho bit nhit ca CPU Multi-Core. HWMonitor: o in p, nhit h thng (CPU, MainBoard, RAM, VGA, Tc Fan,...) Super PI Mod 1.5 XS: Cng c kim tra, tranh ua n gin, gn nh khi OverClock. Cc phn mm trn c u im l Portable, hot ng nhanh, chnh xc. C ghi li mc Min, Max ca cc thng s nn rt hu ch cho vic quan st nh gi. 2. Cch quan st bng phn mm khi OverClock 2.1 V sao phi cn cc phn mm theo di thng s h thng...?!? Khi cp in khi ng vo c Windows th tip theo ta s Test Stable (S n nh). C 2 nguyn nhn trc tip dn n s khng n nh

khi Test Stable l: S st p (Gim in p so vi khi CPU chy bnh thng) v tng nhit khi Test Stable trong thi gian di. pht hin s st p, tng nhit khi Test Stable, ta dng cc phn mm nh CPU-Z, Core Temp, HWMonitor, SpeedFan,... c cc thng s thu c t chng ta s bit cch tng gim VCore, xung. Khc phc khim khuyt h thng mt cch thch hp, nhanh hn. 2.2 c cc thng s thu c t phn mm c im chung ca cc phn mm o l thng gm 3 thng s chnh: Min, Max v gi tr hin ti. c bit cn ch vi gi tr Min, Max. Vi in p, gi tr Max thng gi gi tr ban u khi cha Test Stable, CPU IDLE, gi tr Min l gi tr khi Load 100%. Khi mun thit lp in p n nh, ta ch cn quan st gi tr Min. Nu cha th cn tng ln, khi CPU chy mt gi tr Min th ng nhin s chy tt in p cao hn lc bnh thng. Vi nhit ta li cn quan tm gi tr Max. Nhit Max s gim khi xung h hoc VCore h, v tt nhin gi tr Max cng nh cng tt. Ch l vi mt h thng tn nhit tt th mt xung nht nh, khi Test nhit s tng dn n mt gi tr no ri dao ng n nh quanh (y gi l gi tr bo ha). Khi bn thy nhit c tng m khng t bo ha th l du hiu cho bit h thng tn nhit cha tt (Gi cha thng. Qut khng quay thm c). Ngoi ra th cn ch cc thng s khc nh tc qut, nhit System, HDD, VGA,... Nu chng t nhin bt thng th nn dng Test ngay. Ch : Phi bt cc phn mm o thng s h thng trc khi tin hnh Test th mi c c cc gi tr Max, Min chnh xc. 2.3. Cc cn c p xung: Mc xung nhp m nh sn xut a ra l tnh ton an ton cho mt h thng bnh thng (Dng tn nhit thng thng) v tui th m bo lu di. Nhng nh sn xut cng tch hp sn trong n kh nng chy vi tc cao hn, b li ta phi chu ri ro v hng hc do vic p xung mang li. Khi tin hanh, cn lun lun quan tm va y n in th va nhit. Theo doi nhit hoc in th qua software chi mang tinh cht tng i gn ung va co th hoan toan ko chinh xac nu sensor trn main ko tt. p xung cn mt bo mch ch chu c n, cn mt chipset h tr n v mt cc ha mnh tng thch ton h thng khi hot ng t hiu nng cao. Nhng quan trng nht l b tn nhit cho CPU. CPU khi b p hot ng vi xung nhp cao hn CPU ta nhiu nhit hn. Bi vy khng c tn nhit n s cht hoc hot ng khng n nh. Nu p xung vi mc nh c th dng Qut tt hn, p xung trung bnh th dng tn nhit nc. Cn i vi dn p xung chuyn nghip mc cao th Nit lng l th m ngi ta cn.

Ta bit: Tc ca CPU ph thuc vo hai thnh phn l Bus mt trc (FSB) v h s nhn. CPU Speed = CPU Multiplier x FSB Vi cng thc trn th c th thy rng, OverClock CPU c 2 cch: 1 l thay i CPU Multiplier, 2 l thay i FSB. CPU Intel Dual Core E6300 hot ng tc 2.8GHZ, Bus mt trc l 300MHZ, chng ta c th suy ra h s nhn ca CPU l 24 (v 24 x 100MHZ = 2.4GHZ). Nu chng ta tng tc CPU bng cch tng h s nhn ca CPU, v d tng t 24 ln 32 th khi tc s tng ln thnh 32 x 100MHZ = 3.2GHZ. Tuy nhin, thng thng CPU Multiplier b kha. iu ny ngha l ta khng th tng CPU Multiplier qu quy nh ca nh sn xut (Vi CPU Dual Core E6300@2.80GHz l 10.5). iu c ngha l OverClock CPU, thng thng s p dng cch th 2, l thay i FSB. Nu chng ta tng tc Bus mt trc, v d tng t 100MHZ ln 133MHZ, lc tc s t c s l 23 x 133MHZ = 3,2GHZ Tuy nhin, nu chng ta tng tc Bus mt trc th bt buc cc thit b khc nh AGP, RAM...cng phi hot ng vi tc cao hn. Nu cc thit b ny c cht lng km th s lm cho h thng mt n nh. Hn na, nu chng ta tng tc Bus mt trc thng i km phi tng in th CPU cung cp nng lng cho CPU lm vic. Nhng khi chng ta tng in th th CPU s to nhiu nhit hn, do chng ta cn phi tm gii php gii nhit hiu qu hn cho CPU. 2.4. Cc bc tin hnh OC CPU Intel Dual Core trn mainboard Gigabyte: Chun b tt c cc phn mm h tr OverClock. u tin, h thng chy Default. Quan st thng s VID (VCore mc nh khi xut xng ca CPU. Xem bng Core Temp). VID nh th d OverClock nhng nng, VID ln th OverClock kh hn nhng mt. Do quan st ci ny u tin c hng OverClock tip. Khi ng my nhn phm Delete vo BIOS.

Tt Intel SpeedStep bngvao Advanced BIOS Features, tim CPU Enhanced Halt (C1E) va CPU EIST Function ri chon disable. Luc nay, CPU se lun chay vi CPU Multiplier cao nht cua n.

Trong mc MB Intelligent Tweaker (M.I.T) (Tn mc ny c th thay i ty theo mainboard), tng Multiplier ln Max. Bt u, tng FSB ln t 5 10Mhz. Save cc settings ny li v thot khi mn hnh bios. PC s khi ng li. Lc ny cn nhn ln mn hnh khi ng xem c thay i g khng. Thng thng my tnh s c tc mi ca h thng.

Boot vao Windows va test (Chy cc phn mm Test Stable, Stress CPU (kim tra n nh ca h thng khi s dng 100% cng sut CPU) trong 1 khong thi gian nht nh). C th tng dn FSB ln cho ti khi nao test gp error (khng vo c windows, xut hin mn hnh xanh, reset khi ang test...), ta se tng Vcore ln mc nh nht l 0.025v (hoc gi tr khc - ty theo mainboard) va lam lai cac bc trn cho ti khi nao Vcore va temp qua cao (Vcore cng cao th temp cao) (theo di qua cc phn mm nh Core Temp, CPU-Z,...) thi ta nn dng lai y. Vcore khuyn cao khi dung HSF (tn nhit kh) khng nn set cao qua 1.55v. Temp fullload khng nn cao qua 70C am bao chay lu dai cho ca h thng. Nu dung WC (tn nhit nc) thi tuy vao cht lng , hiu qua ma ta co th set Vcore cao hn so vi dung HSF. bit CPU stable hay cha , ta dung prime95 hay SP2004 test small FFT : test thun tuy CPU , cache L2: trong vong 12h large FTT : test CPU , 1 it Ram va cung nh test ca PSU: 12h Khi a ti ngng max stable (tc CPU cao nht v h thng hot ng n nh nht tc ny) thi nn chp nhn y, n y: 1 la tng cng cooling keo cao hn na , 2 la ha thp hn ngng nay 50 100Mhz bao am an ton tuyt i. Mt h thng OC c gi l tt khi c vCore v nhit thp nht khi cng t 1 tc c th m h thng vn chy n nh. Khi OverClock CPU hp l ri th chuyn qua OverClock RAM. 2. OC RAM: Nu tng tc Bus mt trc th s lm cho cc thnh phn khc cng phi hot ng vi tc cao hn. Trong quan trng nht l b nh RAM s hot ng mc xung cao hn mt nh nn chng ta phi iu chnh li h s nhn ca RAM (gim h s nhn ca RAM) RAM khng phi hot ng vi tn s qu mc, gy chy RAM hoc hot ng khng n nh. Ta iu chnh li Bus ca RAM theo cng thc:

Bus RAM = Bus h thng x h s nhn ca RAM Nhiu Mainboard khng h tr chng ta iu chnh h s nhn ca RAM m cho php chng ta iu chnh trc tip Bus RAM. Ngha l khi chng ta p xung, tng Bus mt trc th Bus ca RAM cng t ng tng theo, do chng ta phi gim Bus RAM li RAM khng hot ng qu mc th h thng mi hot ng c n nh. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th iu chnh mt s thng s khc v RAM tng tc RAM.

2.5. X ly tinh hung c ban thng gp trong khi OC: Sau khi OC, nu nhng thng s c t khng ung, mainboard khng th boot c va chi nghe c ting bao cua main... Cach khc phuc rt n gian la chi vic reset cmos bng cach thao pin CMOS trn main hoc set Jum reset cmos. a reset cmos vn ko khi ng c: Kim tra ln lt ngun, ram, CPU, card man hinh, test tng thit bi ... 2.6. Minh hoa v tac dung cua OC qua phep th SuperPI 1M: E2140@1,6GHZ

E2140@2,4GHZ

CHNG 4 KT LUN Overclock (vit tt l OC) l mt thut ng trong gii phn cng nhm din t mt trng thi ca thit b c tc x l hin ti vt qu quy nh ca nh sn xut. Mc ch ca vic Overclock l nhm tng hiu sut x l ca cc thit b phn cng. Lm sao li c th Overclock? V nh sn xut bao gi cng ra mt khong ti thiu cho cc thit b ca h, gi l gii hn cho php. i khi, trong lc sn xut, mt s thit b phn cng c h thp hiu sut xung di mc tnh ton nhm tng tnh n nh ca thit b. Chnh v vy m chng ta mi c th y tc ln khai thc thit b . Tuy nhin, vic Overclock c th lm cho ton b h thng tuy nhanh hn nhng s km n nh hn v gim bt tui th ca thit b. OC rt a dng: OC CPU, OC card mn hnh, OC RAM, OC card sound,... Tuy vy, OC CPU l thng dng nht. OC, ta cn phi bit CPU ca mnh hiu g, thng s ra sao cng nh cc thng s ca mainboard.