bài giảng công nghệ màng
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
1/15
KThut Mng vng Dng
Bi 1: Khi qut vkthut mng
Ging vin: Nguyn Minh Tn
B mn QT-TB CN Ha hc & Thc phm
Trngi hc Bch khoa H [email protected]
Khi nim MngMembrane
Sinh hc
-L mi lp mng bao ph b mthoc phn chia cc phn, cu trc
hoc c quan trong c th ng
hoc thc vt
-Mng t bo
Ha hc
Mnh vt cht mng c lm t
vt liu t nhin hoc tng hp c
kh nng thm cho i qua) mt
cch
chn lc mt cht no trong
hn hp hoc dung dch
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
2/15
Hemodialys
is/filtration
Bloodoxy
genator
Wate
rdesali
nation
(waste)Wate
rpurific
ation
Oxygen
/nitrogenseparatio
n
Foodproc
essing
(bio)Chemicali
ndustry
Electro
chemicalind
ustry
Analytic
al/dianogs
tic
Miscell
aneous
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Growth rate
(%/year)
Thtrng mng ton cu nm 2000
/H. Strathmann: Membrane Separation processes: Current relevance and
future opportunities. AIChE Journal 47(2001),5/
2200
350
350
400
100
200
150150 150 350
Hemodialysis/f i lt rat ion Blood oxygenator Water desalination
(waste) Water purification Oxygen/nitrogen separation Food processing
(bio) Chemical industry Electrochemical industry Analytical/ dianogstic
Miscellaneous
Doanh s bn mng v thit b mng(Triu USD)
Tc tng trng
Khi qut vkthut mng
Cng sut tnh trn ton thgii v slng thit bvi lc/siu lcc lptdng cho qu trnh xl nc
/R. Gimbel, G. Hagmeyer. Forum Forschung 2001/
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
3/15
Lch spht trin kthut mng
Khi qut vkthut mng
Lch spht trin kthut mng
J. Abbe Nollet pht hin ra hin tng thmthu vo nm1748Bi bo khoa hc u tin c cng b vthm thu:J.A. Nollet, Lecons de physique
experimentale,
Hippolyte-Louis Guerin and Louis-Francios
Delatour,
Paris, 1748.
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
4/15
Lch spht trin kthut mng
1907 Bechold gii thiu n khi nim v siu lc1950 Hassler cp n qu trnh tch mui t
nc bin1958 Sidney Loeb v S. Sourirajan nghin cu ch
to thnh cng mng Polymer1961 Loeb-Sourirajan ng k pht minh cho
phng php ch to mng ca mnh1962 Loeb-Sourirajan pht minh ra mng bt i
xng
Khi qut vkthut mng
Mng tviMicroporous Membrane
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
5/15
Mng khng l
Nonpore Membrane
Khi qut vkthut mng
Mng bti xngAssymetric Membrane
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
6/15
Mng gm
Ceramic Membrane
Khi qut vkthut mng
M un mng
Khi qut vkthut mng
Mo un: Mt phnthit bkhp knc chamng
Mng
u voFeed
DchcRetentat
Nc trongPermeat
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
7/15
M un mng
Khi qut vkthut mng
c trng ca cc qu trnh tch dng mng
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
8/15
Phn loi Cc qu trnh mng
Khi qut vkthut mng
10m0,1m1nm
in thm tch(ED)
in thm tchlng cc(BED)
Lng (F) / Lng (F) linhngintch
Chnh lchin th
Thm tch(D)Thm tch khuchTn (DE)
Lng (F) / Lng (F)Hp ph +Khuch tn
Chnh lchnng
Thm bc (PV)
Tch hi (VP)Tch kh (GS)
Lng (F) / Kh (G)
Kh (G)/Kh (G)Kh (G)/Kh (G)
Hp ph +Khuch tn
Bay hiHp ph +
Khuch tn
Chnh lchpsut ring phn
Vi lc(MF)Siu lc (UF)Lc nano (NF)
Thm thu ngc(RO)
Lng (F) / Lng (F)C ch sng(Lc su/cake
filtration)
Hp ph +Khuchtn
Chnh lchpsut
(chnh lchthha)
i tng phn tchTrng thi tphp
Cchphn tchnglc
Siu lc v vi lc
Dng nguyn l tch thun vt l
Tit kimc chi ph x l sb ( do c th thayth nhiu khu x l sb)
png c yu cu cht lng ngy cngtng
D dng t ng ha
Vi lcv siu
lcx
l
nc
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
9/15
Thm thu ngc
Khi qut vkthut mng
Lc Nano
Khi qut vkthut mng
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
10/15
Thm bcKhi qut vkthut mng
Hn hp cnphn tch
Bm chnkhng
Mun Mng
Dchc
Dch trong
Tch kh
Khi qut vkthut mng
Khng kh
My nn
Lc, lm kh Mng
Kh thi
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
11/15
in thm tch
Khi qut vkthut mng
Nc bin
NaOH HCl
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
Cu trc pht trin cc qutrnh mng
Phn tmng
Qu trnh
tngth
B trmun
Munmng
RO
Bc hi
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
12/15
Cc khi nim cbn
im&
Khi qut vkthut mng
chn lc/Mc gili Dng nc trong
- CHN LC (Sij) ca mng thhin khnng la chn cho php mtcu tnhtnh no thm qua
-Nng sut ca mngcnh gi qua DNG NC TRONG ( ) tc trongiu kin vn hnh nhtnh
-chn lc v dng nc trong l cc thng scc b, thayi theo loimun mng, vtr kho st
Khi qut vkthut mng
Dch vo
MngNc trong
Dch vo
Dng
Dchc
Nc trong
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
13/15
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
ng lc Trlc Dng = ng lc/Trlc
Phn tch H2/N2,CO2/CH4
O2/N2
Mng bti xngkhng l
Tng p sut pha dchc ln ti 80 barhoc hp sutpha nc trong ->chnh lch p sutring phn
H/HThm thu kh
Phn tch cc hn hpcht hu c
Mng bti xngkhng l
Hp sut pha nctrong
L/HThm bc PV
Thn nhn to, tunhoan cc axit
Mngi xng cnhcc nhm ion
in trng vung gcvi bmt mng
L/LED
Cc, phn loi ccdung dch caophn t,
Mng bti xng, lp n 10barL/LUF
Phn ring cc cht tantrong dung dchvi nc
Bti xngp n 60barL/LNF
Xl nc, v ccdung dch vinc
Bti xngp n 200barL/LRO
ng dngLoi mngng lcPhaQu trnh
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
Nguyn l hotng ca mt squ trnh mng tiu biu
Thm thu ngc Tch kh ( p sut d)
Thm bc Thm kh ( p sut chn khng)
Dchc
Nc trong(lng)
Dchvo (lng)
Dchc
Nc trong(hi)
Dchvo (hi)
Dchc
Nc trong
Dch vo
(hi)
Nc trong
Dchc
Dch vo
(lng)
Nc trong(lng)
Kh tr
Hi
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
14/15
Cc khi nim cbn
( ) iii dxxpTW =2
1
2/1 ,,
Khi qut vkthut mng
ng lc tng qut Chnh lch thhaThha ca cu ti
Thha tngng vi cng nhnht ca hthng phi nhnc khi thc hin sthayi nng1-> 2
ki xxTpi
ix
G
=
,,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )000 ~,,ln,0,, ppVxpTaRTpTxpT iiiiii ++= Vi kh l tng
( ) ( )0
0 lnp
pRTTT iii +=
p sut thm thui
i
i aV
RTln~=
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
ng lc tng qut Chnh lch thha
Qu trnh vn chuyn cu ti trong qu trnh Thm thu ngc:
i vi qu trnh Thm bc (PV), c thvit:
( )[ ] ( ) == pVppV iPiFipFiROi~~
,,
nhkhngng k, c thbqua( )0~ ppV Fi Do
=== Fi
iiP
iSi
iP
iSiiF
iP
iSiF
PVi yp
p
V
RTV
p
pxRT
p
paRT ,ln~
~lnln
i vi qu trnh tch kh (GP), c thvit:
iP
iF
iP
iS
GPi yp
xpRT
p
pRT lnln ==
-
7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng
15/15
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
Cc loi trlc ca qu trnh mng
- Trlc ca lp mng (lp hotng)
- Trlc thy lc bn pha nc trong v dchc (gimng lc chung)
- Phn cc nngtrn bmt mng
- Trlc chuyn khi ca lp phtr
- Trlc truyn nhit (phn cc nhit) i vi qu trnh PV
Cc khi nim cbn
Khi qut vkthut mng
nh hng ca tn tht p sutnng lc ca qu trnh
nh hng ca tn tht p sut