bacterial virulence factors some bacteria have certain cell parts that help them to invade other...
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![Page 1: Bacterial Virulence Factors Some bacteria have certain cell parts that help them to invade other organisms better. These are called virulence factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f1f5503460f94c37fb1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bacterial Virulence Factors
• Some bacteria have certain cell parts that help them to invade other organisms better. These are called virulence factors.
• Some of these features are common to protists and fungi also.
• Can you recognise the ones shown on the next slide?
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A
B
DCell Parts
Flagellum - motion
Cell Wall – protection, invasion, evasion
Ribosome – production of toxins/attachment proteins on cell wall
Cilia - motion
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Spores
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Gram’s Stain
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Toxins
• Some bacteria produce toxins which can cause further damage to cells or disruption to cellular activities:– Eg. tetanus disease caused by infection with
Clostridium tetani which produces the tetanus toxin, causing all muscles to remain flexed by binding and blocking neurotransmitter receptors
– Eg. Botulism disease caused by food-borne infection with Clostridium botulinum which produces the botulinum toxin (botox) that relaxes nerves and prevents them from firing
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Gram + bacillus
Gram - coccus
Giardia
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Colonies
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Growth Requirements
• Oxygen:– Aerobic– Anaerobic
• Nutrients– Sugar– Carbon– Minerals– Sulphur– Vitamins
• Moisture• Temperature
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Reproduction
Binary Fission
Spores
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Pili – genetic transfer/communication