BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY, BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY, METABOLISM & PHYSIOLOGYMETABOLISM & PHYSIOLOGY

By:By:Maria Rosario L. Lacandula,MD,MPHMaria Rosario L. Lacandula,MD,MPH

Department of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyCollege of MedicineCollege of Medicine

Our Lady of Fatima UniversityOur Lady of Fatima University

ObjectivesObjectives

The student should be able to:The student should be able to: describe the typical bacterial cell based on size, shape describe the typical bacterial cell based on size, shape

and groupings.and groupings. determine the medical importance of certain determine the medical importance of certain

structural components in a bacterial cell.structural components in a bacterial cell. to discuss the appropriate staining procedure to to discuss the appropriate staining procedure to

demonstrate bacterial morphology and special demonstrate bacterial morphology and special structures.structures.

to perform the following staining techniquesto perform the following staining techniques Gram stainingGram staining Acid-Fast stainingAcid-Fast staining

ObjectivesObjectives Discuss the growth requirements of bacteriaDiscuss the growth requirements of bacteria Differentiate bacteria as to:Differentiate bacteria as to:

source of carbonsource of carbon source of energysource of energy temperature requirementtemperature requirement oxygen requirementoxygen requirement

Discuss the bacterial growth curveDiscuss the bacterial growth curve lag phaselag phase logarithmic phaselogarithmic phase stationary phasestationary phase death phasedeath phase

MicroscopeMicroscope

Beam of lightBeam of light Beam of electronBeam of electron

Bacterial MorphologyBacterial Morphology

Bacterial CellBacterial Cell

ProkaryotesProkaryotes No true nucleusNo true nucleus No organellesNo organelles

Divide-binary fissionDivide-binary fission

Parts of a CellParts of a Cell

Cell envelopeCell envelope Cell wall- murein sacculusCell wall- murein sacculus Outer Outer Cell membrane-plasma membrane, cytoplasmic Cell membrane-plasma membrane, cytoplasmic

membranemembrane CytoplasmCytoplasm

NucleiodNucleiod RibosomesRibosomes Granules/inclusion bodiesGranules/inclusion bodies

Parts of a CellParts of a Cell

SporesSpores plasmidsplasmids

AppendagesAppendages CapsuleCapsule pilipili flagellaflagella

Cell wallCell wall

PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan N acetyl glucosamine & N acetyl Muramic acidN acetyl glucosamine & N acetyl Muramic acid Protect the cell from osmotic changesProtect the cell from osmotic changes RigidityRigidity Multilayered in Gram positiveMultilayered in Gram positive

Teichoic acidTeichoic acid Mono to bi layered in Gram negativeMono to bi layered in Gram negative

..

Outer membrane- gram negative onlyOuter membrane- gram negative only 2 layers of lipids2 layers of lipids Inner layer-phospholipidsInner layer-phospholipids Outer layer- LipopolysaccharideOuter layer- Lipopolysaccharide

3 regions3 regions Lipid ALipid A Core polysaccharideCore polysaccharide O antigenO antigen

Transmembrane proteinsTransmembrane proteins PorinsPorins

Integral proteinsIntegral proteins

viabilityviability

Cytoplasmic MembraneCytoplasmic Membrane

Lipid bi layerLipid bi layer

Selective permeabilitySelective permeability

Site of ATP productionSite of ATP production

ViabilityViability

CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleiodNucleiod

Chromosomal DNAChromosomal DNA PlasmidsPlasmids

Inclusion bodiesInclusion bodies Storage of excess food and energyStorage of excess food and energy

Metachromatic granules/ Babes ernst granulesMetachromatic granules/ Babes ernst granules Much granuleMuch granule

SporesSpores Resist adverse conditionResist adverse condition

Ribosome- 70s- 50s & 30sRibosome- 70s- 50s & 30s

CapsuleCapsule PolysaccharidePolysaccharide AntiphagocyticAntiphagocytic antigenicantigenic VirulenceVirulence

PiliPili Common pili- fimbriaeCommon pili- fimbriae Sex pili- conjugationSex pili- conjugation antigenicantigenic

FlagellaFlagella LocomotionLocomotion antigenicantigenic

MetabolismMetabolism Glucose catabolismGlucose catabolism

EMP pathwayEMP pathway

HMPHMP

Etner duodoroffEtner duodoroff

TCATCA

ETCETC

FermentationFermentation Homolactic fermentationHomolactic fermentation

Heterolactic fermentationHeterolactic fermentation

Mixed acid fermentationMixed acid fermentation

Peptidoglycan synthesisPeptidoglycan synthesis

PhysiologyPhysiology Nutritional requirementNutritional requirement

CarbonCarbon LithotropicLithotropic HeterotrophicHeterotrophic

NitrogenNitrogen Inorganic ionsInorganic ions Growth factorsGrowth factors

Physical RequirementsPhysical Requirements OxygenOxygen

Superoxide dismutaseSuperoxide dismutase CatalaseCatalase

Redox potentialRedox potential TemperatureTemperature PhPh Osmotic conditionOsmotic condition

Bacterial growth cycleBacterial growth cycle

Lag

Stationary

deathlog

No of viable cell

time