BacteriaBacteria

Peptidoglycan

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Ribosome

Flagellum DNA Pili

Section 19-1Eubacterium Structure

ClassificationClassification

DKPCOFGSDKPCOFGS

Domain Bacteria - Kingdom Domain Bacteria - Kingdom EubacteriaEubacteria

Domain Archae - Kingdom Domain Archae - Kingdom ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Animal, Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Animal, Plant, Protist, FungiPlant, Protist, Fungi

Classification Classification

What is the name of this What is the name of this animal?animal?

PumaPuma CougarCougar Mountain LionMountain Lion PantherPanther

Adaptation?Adaptation?

EubacteriaEubacteria

Live everywhereLive everywhere cell walls contain - peptidoglycancell walls contain - peptidoglycan Ex. E. coliEx. E. coli

ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

Cell walls lack peptidoglycanCell walls lack peptidoglycan genes are similar to eukaryotesgenes are similar to eukaryotes harsh environmentsharsh environments

methanogens - mud, animal digestive methanogens - mud, animal digestive tractstracts

halophiles - very salty environments, halophiles - very salty environments, Great Salt LakeGreat Salt Lake

thermophiles - hot springsthermophiles - hot springs

IdentificationIdentification Shapes - bacilli, cocci, spirillaShapes - bacilli, cocci, spirilla Cell Walls - gram positive, Cell Walls - gram positive,

negativenegative Movement - Movement -

flagellaflagella glideglide no movement no movement

StaphylococcusStaphylococcus

SpirillumSpirillum

BacillusBacillus

Obtaining EnergyObtaining Energy

Autotrophs Autotrophs photoautotrophs - cyanobacteria photoautotrophs - cyanobacteria

(everywhere)(everywhere) chemoautotrophs - hydrothermal vents, chemoautotrophs - hydrothermal vents,

energy from chemical reactionsenergy from chemical reactions HeterotrophsHeterotrophs Photoheterotrophs - Photoheterotrophs -

sun = energy sun = energy organic compounds = nutritionorganic compounds = nutrition

Energy ReleaseEnergy Release

Obligate Aerobes - require oxygenObligate Aerobes - require oxygen Obligate Anaerobes - oxygen deadlyObligate Anaerobes - oxygen deadly

botulinum - causes botulism in unsterile botulinum - causes botulism in unsterile cans, bulging canscans, bulging cans

Facultative anaerobes - with or Facultative anaerobes - with or without oxygenwithout oxygen switch between respiration and switch between respiration and

fermentation, abundantfermentation, abundant

Growth and Growth and ReproductionReproduction

Some can divide every 20 min.Some can divide every 20 min. Binary fission - asexual reproductionBinary fission - asexual reproduction

2X normal size, DNA divides and cell 2X normal size, DNA divides and cell divisiondivision

ConjugationConjugation exchange of genes through a hollow bridgeexchange of genes through a hollow bridge increases genetic diversityincreases genetic diversity

Endospores - proteins coats form in Endospores - proteins coats form in harsh conditions, up to centuriesharsh conditions, up to centuries

BINARY FISSION

CONJUGATION

Bacteria in NatureBacteria in Nature

ProducersProducers DecomposersDecomposers Nitrogen FixationNitrogen Fixation

Rhizobium – symbiosis with Rhizobium – symbiosis with soybeanssoybeans

Nitrogen Nitrogen Ammonia Ammonia

Tooth decay

Lyme disease

Tetanus

Tuberculosis

Salmonella food poisoning

Pneumonia

Cholera

Streptococcus mutans

Borrelia burgdorferi

Clostridium tetani

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Salmonella enteritidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vibrio cholerae

Regular dental hygiene

Protection from tick bites

Current tetanus vaccination

Vaccination

Proper food-handling practices

Maintaining good health

Clean water supplies

Disease Pathogen Prevention

Bacteria and Disease

•Damage tissue by using it for food

•Release toxins

•Antibiotics

Human Uses of BacteriaHuman Uses of Bacteria

Oil EatersOil Eaters Sewage TreatmentSewage Treatment Drug ManufacturersDrug Manufacturers

Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering

Controlling BacteriaControlling Bacteria

•Sterilization

•Heat or chemicals

•Cooking

•Refrigeration

Quiz 1Quiz 1

1. Compare AND contrast the 1. Compare AND contrast the Domains Bacteria and Archaea.Domains Bacteria and Archaea.2. I.D. the 3 shapes of bacteria and 2. I.D. the 3 shapes of bacteria and give the names.give the names.

3. Explain a min. of 2 types of 3. Explain a min. of 2 types of bacteria movement methods.bacteria movement methods.

4.Explain the 2 types of autotrophs.4.Explain the 2 types of autotrophs. BONUS: Explain the purpose of PiliBONUS: Explain the purpose of Pili