bach inventions allan peterson

8/2/2019 Bach Inventions Allan Peterson

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by

JS"~B A ' I ' ". " ' :~ ' : . . -, ; . , - .

. . . . ~.;.,' ..~~~ , ~ . · = = ~ UPU,Q 'S T'EXj ED tT1PN .

( : r n q J m j l h ~ i e · . a & r e : e m e ~ twit~ t h e t~ t ·~ lJbI1sh~~.f~ e B a E n J l e s e H s c l ia f t i ; l ; i p ~ i B . )

' W h 1 T i f l t r m d u ~ ' t i ! 'J na n a · ~ o te s a rt d c a f '¢ f IJ ~ : f ) l l g e r e d .

O J P r o fe s s :o F ' ' franklin' R,efe~;n:, ~ h J S ! , B · Q i . e x c i R ,

a : l l ( f ~ Q ~ {Matthew t n M i . s ; J M u ~ D ' o - , , " L l J ' n d D ~

ISSlUeJ~uudetrheAulhQr- i ty ( i f ; ~ l ; r e : J Q l n t~O ~ ~ d 8ofrhe -Un~~iensit ies:.



PRaFA ,CE .

Tberegubtkms o f th e U Ilh'ersi1t.y o f ··MelEiourn,e Public E:xa.mrna~io'J: l ;S i n 1 \, 1u&i c have

~or l t in JJ l .o .us ly ci!l.1~rcieQ:tne i]l,ystel:rla;j;ic~tud.y of B,acn 'into '~ 'i 'el: 'r eoraer of Vir.tog;!a, for the last

ten yea .P5. But; the · B o . a . r 9 : has ha d oceaslen to 'lOlle :d~e g,reail!di:fficulty p r - 9 .e !1 ted , , especia l lY

,to more i!n.ex:per:]enc~d t:ea;cl1er$ a :n d in c li sU f ti t ~e l1 t [e !i ! .; · by t.he W<J: : l l t o f t'mth,orjtativ~ .guidan,=@

in ' H i e }mpo r ~ a n t maHer 0 1 i!:1terpt'etatiop. \~lli~'n"ep lw~~ l1 'g" cl lYll~:mkmBLr. 'ks, : 'J .ega:to a n d st', .1tClCato

lndicatione nre as di~er:se as editors and editions are numerous, it is':a ho,eli!ss task ttl l a : y

d ow n . a ,u th 6r ita , ti v e. iili~ectl,?]1Sj ap a the W O'I i ' s t fea ture of T h e s~tua:t.ion is ' thi . ' i ! t; .OO:a~iF 3tU!dy

' l " ( : : 3 i : d t 5 S 'Ci i iJ . f ten . .ill carica~llii. ' :es of what are aJ tbe mO!s't on l y s ugge~ { lo . n s. -g t(W r .; o f fq , , r' 8S : tc li it sin

h:uuo.stacaafii.ssi,1iw,; an acc;:.ell't is put in as hya; sledge- hammer, a,ya;llentafi.tlo introduces'i,!lth

.s,tarc.lin~ suddennese an entire cbange of tempo. .

[I] qrder to. save candidates fkm 'th.e~e. f! 'Xaggoe:l: id:iQIlS, and in ~he hope that stndents

a nU tdaCneJ$ . a lik~ w o~ ~]d , give. more a t te lJ i t iopwt :h :e n 1 1 1 l 5 ic a i b e a ,1 J1 ty ofthc:!1 ie C00M po8 i . t icms' J ! -

t'n stea d o f trea ti J 1:g them Jike,clever rnathematical prOble(ms Olf~'~j{e Ja~nei5e puizle~, cO[I: ' .i~ci.n:go f i .~ n u.m ~ r.a bj,e J t; a; g: rri ~n ts o f. oew.iUel'ingly ..s i m i l a m : : ' appeaearrce, t.he Boa r , a . nj! .~ i !; $'U ed the

£o]~o\v; ln ,g f ,nstrUi_(i tk:in! i l in e:a.c,h annual S-y i lab 'u! ; l : . -

·NA t oo t l t ion .i s jItvjjt~d to. the f(lUovl'i~g l : 'ecommel1¢a:t io. ! l ! '> ,~oncer;nil;l,g. toe j :r l ' terpr .eta 't ion of

E:~cb"s 1.\lork:s:-

(i) Too ! l1<t1ty sfudent?! th:h~k Of t 6 P ( % l 1 i : 0:(, and! play thes~ b e a u : t i f l l 1 1 , t :ompm~tiof l :S

a s if I!h~y~v~ r :~mere ly technical 'f>h'id[,es,~pparentli not . re a l i si . J ] :g ' th a t the

mu~ i G: :d ~ f f- ect i s .the c hi ef p , bJ e'e t to . Qbta . : i t~ , .

(b) in o rd er to . attain th is! a ll ,e:xagge!! 'aJ,iQ 11 , Q r t ~ m p o o r' I O f [jhra;; ; ' iAg. shoutd! he

~v6id(ld.

l~~Part~.p,aying requi res most c.ar:e~ll~t t>e~t i , [)n , '

(d j S :m o o t~ l'lt!5.s.o f e ffec ;~ : r f i J 1 ; ; ; l ne1,i , ,@:i"e s:ac:ri:flce4 ; tq,p'! : ! i rasi l lg,

Bac h ' l e f t : ne P ; . E l I : , . a : s j n g · ~atl . ; :s. B l o t rndi~t1~s o f spood i o f J . ! " a n a t. ~ hi s

compP5i . t io lJ is~ it should :! ' . Iev~ be , forgotten t.ha~~y·;!lUC~ ·maiks' in any.epitkm:s

are me!:~ :suggestions or yario'us editors mtended. to as~stthe <11;~uden; t ;and ate

by ItO q.reaIl$ hh'lqillg ei~h~r o]J.8tud~f.i:t (iF'I l 'e i:iFonQ,eE.,

U , - The, oldy t f a d iHo l ' i we have of 'th.e g.reat master 's p liay ip 'lt hi ·~ts'b~a:llt ifu. l l~g~to

an9] " its. poetry."

The B o a rd . ha s [ IQ 'W bkg'l'l tr mo!l '€ d~(if.dle .5, tep 'b y Us ~ ! "~~ 'O}~ t l{ ) ' no 1sf lUi? e c I i ' t i o f l J i i i o f

Bach's cOV' lpo ; s i~ . s in :stdct : ; :L,coo:[datr,J:cewlfu the comp o ser's ow n insi; 'ruc:tio:llSj a $ ' f ound . in the

:m,(}riume:i'1:t:il ed i t i on ' . of the E ,a cn .Soc: . i :et~ ' ; fin d no ex:arndtl~ unde r the. Board l i S at .1 i~ rP.c tQ

~reqni :rea .~y p:ht"as Ing j Wly ': ,o : ta c !Z : a to " , a ny slower 9 ' 1 : {'<\.~ter' 'tetn Ro ~ ha n. h! S!lew, i j la th: i is ~it JOll

' p -u li li sbed . .t} y th e M~lbaum~ Un:iversi ty. Boa r d :r:mije( 1 : n , ~ a 1 J ! t h . o r i t y · o f the Jo i : l i i : tBoa ; : r d s o f tb e

Univ.e i : '5 i t i .~ ·gf M ~ ] bo u rD e; . A d eja id l ~ , :CMmal: l i ia , and 'Queensland,

FRAN J{LIN' PE"FB .RSOJ ' l ,

Ch a:nm ,m :. o i t . h e : Jlie!b~1#"ne Botl.t 'd.

- ----

Ptd: l ,U511'ed' : f o : r . the_ 1 t { l . l ' i l I ! by .~.J.l . ,KII! It (:0.., PN.IJ, 1:1:(1".Ui!i~2:78; : t I; lUI' !J:: j~o . $ ~ " MiI~"u~II'1'1!: t~I1 I~,f' .!Btr,Cibl.~_D.

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mailto:.guidan,=@



15 TW·O.;PART I~VENTI.ONS,BY

Ill! H20; when he was '35 Y(!I'U'"$ old., Bach ·devi$ed tile"'Litt"le Clavier Book"'"tQ de"'I; : !QiP

the 'expandifl:S musical gift5 of his eldese S( ) I1 , Willleh!) Friedemann Bach. who was then il l

his. teeth Y( '! iU '. " ' "

'Two ye.a:t ' !S later he r n a , d e a s~ection ! O f two-part and three-part pieces from the

nnmerous cQ:qIP?s i t i ons in t~·~. collection, a nd p Ubli'l 'lheC l. them'as Fifte..e:n Two-p"ar ; t ; In ' l ' f :nt iO:! l1>

aud ,Fifteen Tbree-part Si:~fonj;a£ H t 6 ibpw .a ' plain Viray to 'lov:eros of the c i a .viet.: E O ' play d~tlldy

and well 1'[1wo and t.hr~.e.:pa:Ft,s;nd,to:'attain above a ll to a cantabile maneer <l ' f . .play. ing~" 'l'he

name "Inventions" ..,..hich is nowapplied to b6th sets ·o f pieces j : t . ' l .s-n6 part iCllhrq: ' meaning, nor

does it d]fferen~i,ate these c @ : r n p 0 ! O i d o n s from. I " S m . a l E Preludes, l' .or from Sketl(l:'hesor llJi~t{)irlrt:U$

'which m.ay be said ·to bee the .modem eq.l.ilivalei1t~of I :be;i l ' t f tle ,

The. f i f fre .eJ l~ey~. chosen 'l:.1;ebose whkh were 1 : 1 " ) . ordinary use be.fore. . the: . a dop t ion ofEqu .U "Te;mpern1i l le l l t , i l I I ' S · t lie h!fenty~fou.t key s o f 'thr.! i '4 ! 3 P re J! \1 d e$ a n d F'!1l;gu,e's. she.w a ll thp se

possi5i.e to use ;~nderth!'1' modem s·ydem..

The notes added to eac.h Invention in thhi: -editi .on. ~g.ive a . "Sh.ort :ana1ysls. of Jtae

eenstructfon, intended fo·t th~ teacher. noIess than the s t r i d e n t , esp erd a Uy if the fom~e:riS. YOUJlg".. .. . : - . -

Instead o f giving an elaboestedescription and t3i.bLeof gra.(;e8 and- ornamenis, tholJe:of special

imp. .o : r .~ance to 'the; t l H . t ! ; i , I C .are written Qi, 'It wh¢re there is a t p M s j b i l i r y o f ml$iunde.rstanding,:and

the o ym , 'lr ig ! l: .t ud e n t· is' encouraged to j ; 'egard them all a s , C ; Q ! m . p . u : ' : a . f i 'i . 'e l y u:nesseI'!.Hai~il(;\t t. q .be

permitted t9 sta,;ndbetween. " h i l D . and the.full enjoyment .of [he deligh'tful mu~c.; of \vhich ~fter

all they are only ornaments , some of them moreover a Little' old.~fiw~doned!i 3 k h a . conventiorial; antiotnerlll[ke:a lo t~ g .~ in t.. .he I:eft hand, imp(fict icable for a :rour-g ·~tll.ldetlt to . reproducees th~

.composer lntenGed it to be -performed. Such at dir:ectiolJl as he ~' on th.e bass 110-t~ in tbe

13tn ,ba ! l "o f . No ..n, is impos$ihle for "all but .e;(pert pianists ..

II I h is manu ! !; ;( ]r i- p t B : a, .cl l d :ii d not l il id~ e,M e marks o f .e~pre6sion, o f lo udn ess o rs softness,

of C:r~8C" or d i m " " , &c. , 'UfI.y mere tl~~ll e l e f t j:rt5ti''];letjo11,~ ( 1 i : b G ? t i t . d n a t~1JrPO o f h i s c{lnip~it:io,n~,

·and.no attempt :v.itl'ierlo made : p y modern editors has proved entirelY }satisfadory to aU those

who :admirlil O I J . ! 1 : 'd_ 9 v e hi,$mu;s~,c. Iii; I ~ < l 5 been ilio"Aght well ~, foHow the ~·ornp():rer;5 f u . : a n u : s c ; d 1 ; l t



---'''''---

f"4} ,

" j : f i : o i e N - e r r d e t a : : - l I ' , " ana fh.ete(o~~. j ; lo ;X ~~I t ;S. of: ~;rc:Rr::eSslQn ~,r~>~eJ]! ~~~g~e1it~(j. 'I'hed~e, a:tli!1 f a l l o f

, the ,melo~ies, ;rl1ldth~ J[u~~jj,p~c;:ihesj•the g r . a . d \ i ! a t ui: ' l£6fdi i ig - G I l ' ~h.eogrnaua1rounding ·off · Q i f pb: fa(]0 'S,

sBut . ; :nCe&,. o!r . iper~d~ ';:'l:ir~'{~'~g:estEla1tIlf!l ; : ; t i ~1f'ect$"gf ( ) - t ' . . s & t : . , & . ! : l g d d m , t};i tll¢ . £ ! 1 ; ~ ~ m ~ i ' li '1 Lstuaent! ~'ih.o

a:It"!ira:' little; experJ.e:l1~e , " " , ( n r O ~ J ; Iief t~er~a r .ks qf m:~P.~ .ess~6n,m . : 'i ; rf u ; . c if ·"phl";g.s irlg,f lliOI: marks

'I'1l~\t.e~p'a..;at whiiili th e j ;n y ~ i ; ~ ' £ i9 n :S : 1 S1 1 9ume "ph,y~ck C~irlil!ot i~ eiact ly . !dia , d own witl

'auy fUl ! . t "ho l : ' i ty , "1lh,e mn. jo ! ]1 i y of them may ,be ':_p lay -.ed :at.~n.ldically the s ame s.pe~d~a. ~~ber

~.e :r iQtf~ .tJtQffCit"fUO) t t O r ~9 fmgg i : n g D U t " w hl i! qu t : 3: I1 Y '.h ast: e& A . .good , , f irm ' i ! : O U C f ; r a ll~ l ~ ,hel£lti1y

j l1 ; te x p r et a :Ho I ) .a r s th~ - ch ie f e ss er rt ia l s, Tnera I S lti tt]e m om ~IT_ .Bacb!$.m-o.1sic . ~hr se:ntim.eitlf-al ity",- ,

; a , : 1 l 9 ! t1}~ W I : tO i h : : · :abrloS~'hel'l!(}'[ t!6,~( ' l c:h.~rm~ll~'<$keillcil~s ~.s:;tne of 'bil 'aeil; !g f r e s h : I l i i e S s . T", I i '~ o t fl:t~

. (@:o . £e.i.n B ' a n d N o " 1 0' :In G ) hrl(i.b~ "" Ib,'ei ie"t fusillll~' t~~/tpi),.91nd - o n a ~ht()I ' :5 n E ) 'w F th the

i $yJ j.c 'fYp.~~d r l,bJ ]bJ i :: l cQunteri="9~n!t,fn'it~,. l1bj,~( mayo~' h ( k i B l ¥ i l 1 l ~ S 1 6 w . ¢ f , rpQr~,me~i~ir ; t iye"r ;J l .an! : le - , fo; .

E'!.<efi where, the i ~ , c n . p ' O &e~rns;2 L ye r. y · e< l. l>Hyse t tl ;wd -mat tsr 1:hestndent · " . v . i l l p . robao ly , p]~y: those

~l ' l .vel l. t i9:pt ; : he: 'par t i -cJubtdx:H kes. .~t ~ :i~ ! btl y~ il I'eJ 'en t . s: !? e~ d ;" !;o ~ . d i! :l fer~ n .: t O t fC . a 5 . 1Q J 1 i s JI. ,e;co[:d:ing t o '

dj~.Jillord.of the moment"

"Wlil~' . t ! / t - e S.b1,a'e,li~ 0 5 M J i lt i r i11 lJ i#1 t~t1 if ; I ii J_.d w.6ii?~ ~rC 'in~d, to in .r1i~Nl)lr"s;

S.t ; : IBi11Ei .CT.-A mu.i i ta i ' l i !bra.$~ b~ th~m!' , i !prea>ent :e(l . ;~rri,ViraFi 'Q'I lsways' in th e c! ='up ,i e' ' elI < l - '

COE(fp6~i. t iQtl df".;.h:irih , i rsel -V~;B '.as the f;un.d~mfnt~~, id·e~. ; C - o J r i ' l , [ ) , i \ I : ' e e,g. ·tne- ~<'I'1U])j!1!ct'" o f

f\]~ ~S!;~y 01: ,the t~xt o f ' < I : $efmmt. ~ S eeNo ~ €o nNo , 1.)

v.oI~E} o r PAR1r.=Tbe ~~d~nl.~'p'i[J.itts i:;o-ntii.putll]g,'{\j'·amy!s; i~ :a l , , :y E tole",are , ( ; , _ < J , l l e d v:p : ic :es~a$j(0:[; ~xamp.te1! : I T a " r l D c a 1 dim't!I,~tl;e ~'wtts,'" fOf' , t l M ; : VQ\~~ci; tlf ..v¢itJl~i j [! ' ld· m ~ j S6!p"l : '9 fJ!P,_

' Iei l1(l(~ & Q , T! : ie~e voic~$ ' m;1l,jl b~ few'(; l i t ' : :rfi"lll:r., instl : l lmer.J:ta1 O!f' i i tOicaL In thls first set

~ "f l " f i " " ? : l n t l : o f t : : t . 'onb~-t,.;mW'~. efup:iQV.ed-~.t lpp.er- and low,e~,:gl l)ebl.!f apid. ,Bass .. '.

C~UNTEQ.P~Uiil'Iii--J]le'\l,d! z y 'iinld.'l~ m.d~~n([eiib ' vo ice pi:: pr<tit-fBre, s'Ubj:ect-='i£ acc ; :o :m-

:p!ilfiied ~ y ~ .tlO 'tn er lS(_ luaUy il:Ji.de(¥l.i ' id~ffl:t-wri"tt-en a " g : a i : . 1 ' J . 8 . ~ L t, .<15the expr .es51of l ·" tQunter )"

(Ccin'"F~jmeans, It:is thus r n s t i ! I J ! C 1 : . (rD'!']]] HarlllOtiYII in w.md : i . one p r . t [ lc i p a J . . _ : l m : l lt , thee tune

g!l'&me]b,tft hvsll: !?por;te,d 1 t & ,othel:':ijp'f "s~GQi .~;a<lry ii'"qP9~,1;~:nge. CQQ.lJ!teTpOjrii rn:ay ~o:rob. i 'M

l .tJ :l r y fLu-mo or '~f ' ! I ' t i i jX)~5 i t ' ! . t~v:q,.pa~t, t h: f 'W . :p _ a : ~~ ,~ p ' ~ ~ ~ l a nd l ;:w cl"e p.ar,~ c6r~nte~PQiI1t.

'T!heN£t of ; t1 W ( } .p a r t Munte[':pol:nt lS' ;well' l1hr~Jrated in these is ]nverrlIiomll . wh'E: .n t ' h e

T:~bLe :<JjJdBam;. YQi:t:~~1 l1 ; a y b. ~ ~a:i.tlto tt~~qu;; lJ" i l~ im;pq;rtanrqj and int l ; l r~<~ ' t .

.nfi(JBlJ3 ,f&OUNl"ERP.:dlNT~r hJ:v!'lJ.'"tf~leCOlllitelip:olnt, lS a PCit:mte[~poii:J:t o t_ontihte(l :~!iail:

lha~ it ca n ,a pp ea r ~ bo ve< ai' befow -the $ ' U p . J e . ; ; t mi1i l i. ' eCj lJ . i I !I ~dyantage. {Note to. N ,g . V . j

lM:ETA1'~tn'l~~\VbJe:none -vofee do:s-e[y, lolIaws 'and :re.R;eatsthe lnusk Just: announced b~' , I . '

' p i ~ ': U D U : S Vbioe. . (NQf~ ~'N6. l· ~ 0 0 " J . ' 1 1No, VUE . )

'< "'0# t:],e, ;[il~!I"~ilf"Or ih e ii!~lI!OrL o £ t I w . . . B,ilil!i: Ge:lelJd..na!J,1aQ,il1;!1; ( ;d l tm - , s . .M -wbidil a : i i · ,: ! ; .W i J i R a t f . k ; t;OIi!"reG& " " " ' I l ' r ' ~ op~, Pillid,.

I ' I h . E ! t l ! : O : : t . ®:Fw~J~ is.rocQp,n'i .&I(d! a8" ' i : ln8 '&bn.i ; la.! ;d 0' £ puri~r

t IJ 'l' " ¢I,lrl~;{;:!i ! !o , .c : ( !~ t~~ til- lb~ ~!![I~~il r . 1~1~~ ~ e . 'iMll)l",~~,l~#~ , i l ! ! ¥ - f ! ic .~i ! l i~t6·1 :1~6 ,(j~n~ , o : w 'pJ:il=-jnc iii,.~96,.·HI.,

~;lo;:c,~ n , . . ( _ UD .'hal" 19 b i l ly , a rr d xv . .J D: !~ o ;.1 (> ,ami 1 , ' 1 ' 1) . " [11) , ) . . : l l ; l l 'thClio5~~timrli7'T.aire qli!.~~t~IJIJ!;.~i<'e - rFf ip reoo ; ; run i lmi ' . : ! i : !~ l . ' [

' f u I l . ~ ; i ' t uB D ;t, c~~tt~ i] ' , t~<iH~e~~rI~~[11I.



R HY.TH m,.~ T:I1 e i : n ovem~mt o £ a piece o f I T l ' l : : t s i e . U may be"{~ ) i ! ; l f h . , , · o , three 'Q , { · f ou~>p1! l . ~ge5bl.'

f 1 ' l ~ ib.u:· {ffiiTie)': i~ ma y be " (b ) .5]0'\11,' or 'fast rrempo o:t: 's.peeai). ;selial.ie OF b~]st!f :ng; &;,

· ( c.ha l 'a , _c te rt and .1 :S ( c )

s'tl~eptible 'O f ~l igp : t a]-terations,r:tc(;~l16'rana'o 0 1 . l la ! ;ten i l1 ~ ,

ritard~() l)r, s]ackeniiilg the s;p eeG _.

( a . : ) The I nv el 'rti.o !1 :s. shew 5~V'eD _ex~mRi~s, 6ft,_hl~ee beats ·or . puMses to a baJ','theo

roemaind{ll'have either two Q~' rQl!U, and 'in. ~[lH~ eases the fQ~r in a bar ia the r E l i l l . l 1 } _ · ' p f two

bars wr![re!Ji as, OI1~. (See Not~to NQ$.,XJ.~xU" and 'XV,)

( 6) T he'l :emp o ( , I f ,a U t.hese little CompQs:itions is oi .mi 'eX'tl 'e;me.lymodierate character

r(mOd~o), ' a nd 'the si 'ngl,e: .pulses in e~if . b ; g _ r m ay 'be l ln d ~ 'l ":$ to o d 'a s a Liy th ic n g between .

6D am.~ 80' ill tbe metronome, ~ooording to the; ,taste of' the.: per{ornwr , A good \V(}I"lkh~g

scheme f o t ' thusewno h a ... .. n o t a 1 f ri .'e l: r~ i JJ om ehandy\ ! ' l , to :pta, ) , 5.e ; l i i iquav~I 'S atahGut the

s 'P~d of t h . € : t~ dkstW ja n o i 'd , i : !1a . r y wa :~ cb~ f ou r to ea ch tick $ l f a n eight.day: Q-Joc ;ko·

(a little fa !) ; : te r) to ea-ch bei' lt.oJ 'ii' heiHi;~y pll!lse, No , VIII. :&'I ' l ,d 1'J~ X see.in t o , invite a

decidedly llwtiel' rhythm,. and. No. vt. .may lb;etaken ,markedly : ; ;1-~er.

(c ) No }tbert>y ~il th e· w a y o f a"-elkra1~o h: pel:mi.:ss~oje 1 1 ": 1hi s sty le OIfcomp~itio ' [ l ,

. an d th e· o n ly - raU . \ifhich lhe'iroutr~ ~tu,d.e!1t may be 'p~rtnitted to intwd'llce is . one o f a . very

s1i,gllteharacter' to round of£: th e en d .of ~<;t'ch.cQmpositkm; a 'raIl. may not be used il l the

OOl'l,1'&e; 6f one of tb.e5:e It1vttl,(timut '

QR.A.CBS OR O :IU4 :AM~ NT .s ., -' -The .pa·!lsmg t a . s . f ' e , of an old.,et d~y,:~d the p ecul i. :J Ji ph a: ra e te ri s, ti cl ji .

'of th.ill lnstnnmeats whicJi iPr,~c;edtld. the modern pia-t lM Ql: te, ar e res l i l o~! l i l J le fo r .~ :''Ie;I'Y ]4-~

n a m b er and. a ' bewUde j ;i: n g variety o f , '" Gra,cl2 's: ' prQf~selY' re :mp i. oyM f o t '~h:eomanre :n ta t io . r i

[ ) I f the various parts, Very' many of these' are jusl: as ' we1 1 om i'tted to-day l)y th~ sh~dei1'tt

e"'~ili~w e tould be sure whk: l l ~f them were really autbods 'eg, 'by the coMP0 se'l"-whiCh' i v e a re J . I 1 q : t , The. most· ·CGl: ; lf f ion . . .. .. , .a nd · lso b e it ! i ! o r i d th e . ;m.ost Ch:: lu 'u : te ; r isrt ic . ; . a n d .

th~refoie' the o~e meet necessary to ·k®CI lp - i s i l i a t .w.hich . ind icates a rap id alternation

of die priitl.cip·~lprinted note and tli~'~ i!l1hiedlate Iy above , 0 1 ' belOw in the same diatonic'

sc~e , " I 1 1~ f0Fr l ' J J~r ( . \ 1 . - ) whicli. uses "tlier : u P p e r . ,a~~iHary no t e ~$. ' p roper ly ~a l l ; ; l 1d t i l @ ;

:Pr:M ltrl l ler (sOometil::6es in Eug]i!!;n the Tra n sien t o r . P'a$'~illg' S . l lH l~e" Octa$io!J:),~ny

th e Upper M,(,1irdehl'. :'fhat. which .uses : t : h : : : ·l()'!:t!e.r auxiliary' n~te J.,l, th~ Mo r d e n t

p ro pe:l\ J s ~.l iJsfi .r, lgujs'h~ 'by dl~ str'C'!~e-h:l '! ! ;I ' l : Ig 'h,It, ' ] .~I1l;)P:["a1~trtU~r na. .y b~ doubl~ ('''"'),

01 ' ev en ex :t:eu ded in to . a tdlL "V !]~ n' mo re .. than . one r~pet i t1( l )n 9f'eh~a Rxfl ia ;ry tlidtt. Is

I :eq]l1ired it is i f . ' ! this edhim;., written out in '(1 . f oo t :oO 'w. . This o rn amen t or (_;rac .e may

be · :i I' il .t ;ood ~cedby;.,otb:er aU'w.il ia<it),otes, d .erw ted ibW '~ " be.ginningwi th m e ~O're h p w : w , ,aI "

'-"'"'",beg.lnning' wIta the note above the prin'ci.pal. prfllted nb'cc', The fum ~ is r u s e ) . '

freqpently i~di,cal:,edi' But" as suggested more than cnce in these. pages, the mus.ic i ' tS '~lf ,w.~·thbutt he se ; g ra , ~e a b ' P}~fre:rabie, top, the 'music di~-·"gl~ d I ." and blotted uy ; . a . n lr lad.eq l I , l i : l l , t · e

pe·rfQrman~~ of them, Yom~.g,q,tude:n.:ts, should. f~equerrUy o mit tn e.o o. -aUwhen practising

tht h1Ve ; n l 1o ! [ l ~·to ensure ,~~eif sense . Q € the u ! . : i r n ,e ir l y i ng , rhy~ hm p . ~ j I ' J : Junct i8f .u: rbed 'b y th e

~.~ssi t¥ .o f Hn : tB ~ g t ime : f o r ss~n]1::tim,es~very 'et:aJ>()ltat~o.rnamen~~"

FRANKL- IN PE'1'ERSON.

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