Bab 7

Bahan Buatan dalam Industri

7.1 Polimer Sintetik

7.1 Polimer Sintetik

PROSES PEMBUATAN POLIMER SINTETIK

Pempolimeran Penambahan

Proses pembuatan polimer daripada monomer TANPA menghasilkan produk lain selain polimer SAHAJA

Cth: PVC (polivinil klorida)

Addition Polymerisation

Monomers Polimer

Pempolimeran Terkondensasi

Proses pembuatan polimer daripada monomer dengan menghasilkan produk lain seperti air.

Cth: nilon dan polistirena

Condensation Polymerisation

Monomers Polimer + small molecule

+ H2O

GETAH SINTETIKDisediakan melalui proses pempolimeran

bahan-bahan hidrokarbon.

Mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan tertentu dan sifatnya hampir sama dgn getah asli.

KELEBIHAN GETAH SINTETIK

KEKURANGAN GETAH SINTETIK

PERBANDINGAN ANTARA GETAH SINTETIK DAN GETAH

ASLI

CIRI GETAH ASLI GETAH SINTETIK

ELASTIK / /

KETAHANAN HABA

X /

KUAT X /

KETAHANAN MINYAK & BHN KIMIA

X /

PENEBAT HABA / /

7.2 PlastikPlastik merupakan sejenis polimer

sintetik

Terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu:A) termoplastikB) plastik termoset

CONTOH TERMOPLASTIK DAN KEGUNAAN NYA

POLITENA Beg plastik, baldi, barang mainan, baju hujan, botol plastik

POLIPROPILENA Kerusi, botol susu, dulang makanan

POLISTIRENA Kotak pembungkus, papan kenyataan

POLIVINIL KLORIDA (PVC)

Penebat dawai dan kabel elektrik, penyangkut baju, paip air, jubin lantai

PERSPEKS Cermin kereta, tingkap kapal terbang,gelas(kaca gentian)

CONTOH PLASTIK TERMOSET DAN KEGUNAAN NYA

BAKELIT Butang, palam, suis elektrik, pemegang alat memasak, bekas radio dan tv

MELAMINA Pinggan mangkuk, besen basuh, permukaan atas meja dan kaunter

RESIN EPOKSI (PELEKAT)

Bahan pelekat bagi logam, kaca, kayu, kulit haiwan, peti bateri

Termoplastik

Plastik yg cair apabila dipanaskan.Boleh digunakan semula dan diacu

semula.Boleh dikitar semulaCth:

Beg plastik, botol mineral plastik

Plastik Termoset atau termosetTidak boleh cair, dan tidak boleh diacu

semula.Apabila dipanaskan, plastik akan

“blister”Kuat, keras, tahan kepada haba. Cth: Pinggan melamin, cawan,

penebat pada brg elektrik.

Gentian

Polimer panjang yg boleh diregangkan

Contoh gentian:-poliamida nilon, terilenaphenol-formaldehyde (PF)acrylic polymers

elastomer polimer yg boleh kembali ke keadaan asal apabila diregang atau ditekan

Cth elastomer :-Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)

Poli isoprena (IR) Poli butadiena (BR) Chloroprene Rubber (CR)

Apakah Apakah kesan kesan

polimer polimer sintetik sintetik

terhadap terhadap manusia manusia dan alam dan alam sekitar?? sekitar??

Kebanyakan polimer adalah tidak terbiodegradasi.

Tidak boleh diuraikan oleh bakteria atau pengurai.

Maka..akan menyebabkan mslh pembuangan sampah kerana polimer tidak dpt diuraikan …

Plastik dibuang boleh menyumbatkan sistem perparitan dan sungai.

Berlakulah banjir kilat !!

Bekas polimer yg tidak ditanam dlm tanah boleh menjadi tempat pembiakan nyamuk.

Maka, boleh menyebabkan demam denggi

Polimer yg tidak terbidegradasi dan dibuang dlm sungai, kolam dan laut..

Akan ditelan oleh haiwan dan menyebabkan ia mati tercekik.

Pembakaran terbuka polimer akan membebaskan gas beracun dan berbahaya .

Boleh menyebabkan pencemaran udara dan masalah hujan asid.

Cara melupus polimer dengan betul

PIROLISIS-bakar tanpa oksigen

INSINERATOR – gas ditapis sebelum dibebaskan

MENCIPTA POLIMER SINTETIK YG BOLEH DIBIODEGRADASI

MENGAMALKAN SIKAP BERTANGGUNGJAWAB TERHADAP

PELUPUSAN POLIMER SINTETIK

1. Asingkan polimer sintetik daripada bahan buangan yg lain.

2. Reduce (kurangkan)3. Reuse (guna semula)

4. Recycle (kitar semula)

ACTIVITY

QUIZZES

1) Polymers are made up of many smaller and 1) Polymers are made up of many smaller and identical repeating units called identical repeating units called monomersmonomers

2) The monomers join together by bond2) The monomers join together by bondcovalentcovalent

3) The chemical process that join the monomers 3) The chemical process that join the monomers together is calledtogether is called polymerizationpolymerization

QUIZZESQUIZZES

4) 2 types of polymerization:4) 2 types of polymerization:

a.a.b.b.

additionadditioncondensationcondensation

5) 2 types of polymers:5) 2 types of polymers:

a.a. b.b.

Natural polymerNatural polymerSynthetic polymerSynthetic polymer

QUIZZESQUIZZES

6) Types of synthetic polymers:6) Types of synthetic polymers:

Plastics, fibers, elastomersPlastics, fibers, elastomers

7) The impacts of synthetic polymers to 7) The impacts of synthetic polymers to the human and environmentthe human and environment::

Disposal problemsDisposal problems

Blockage of riversBlockage of rivers

diseasesdiseases

Harmful to animalsHarmful to animals

pollutionspollutions

Example….Example….

STOP USING PLASTICS!!!STOP USING PLASTICS!!!

Post Lab Question

1) How do you properly dispose synthetic 1) How do you properly dispose synthetic polymers to preserve the environment?polymers to preserve the environment?

PyrolisisPyrolisis

incenerationinceneration

Invent a Invent a biodegradeable biodegradeable synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers

reusereuse

recyclerecycle

Separate synthetic Separate synthetic polymers from other polymers from other wasteswastes

2) Why is it important to properly dispose 2) Why is it important to properly dispose of synthetic polymers?of synthetic polymers?

To reduce the disposal problemsTo reduce the disposal problems

To prevent the diseases caused by To prevent the diseases caused by synthetic polymers wastessynthetic polymers wastes

To prevent the pollutionsTo prevent the pollutions

To save the animals from being deadTo save the animals from being dead

3) State environmental disaster occurs 3) State environmental disaster occurs due to improper disposal of plastics.due to improper disposal of plastics.

Flash floodFlash flood

acid rainacid rain

4) Do you think the usage of biodegradable polymer should be expanded? Explain.

Yes.Yes.Harmless to environmentHarmless to environmentCan disposed easilyCan disposed easily

5) What are the factors that hinders 5) What are the factors that hinders from using biodegradable polymers?from using biodegradable polymers?

CostlyCostly

Not so strongNot so strong

ConclusionProper disposal of synthetic polymers is

important in order to preserve the environment. This is because synthetic polymers bring lot of bad effects to the human and environment:a) blockage of riverb) diseasec) pollution

There are ways to dispose synthetic polymers:a) pyrolisisb) incenerationc) use biodegradable synthetic polymers