b5 micronutrients and macronutrients
DESCRIPTION
B5 Micronutrients and Macronutrients. By Zhi Wei & John. Micronutrients. S ubstance which are required in small quantity for normal body function e.g . minerals & vitamins. Required ﹤0.005% of body weight Do NOT produce energy. Minerals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
B5 Micronutrients
and Macronutrients
By Zhi Wei & John
Substance which are required in small quantity for normal body function
e.g. minerals & vitamins. Required 0.005% of ﹤ body weight Do NOT produce energy
Micronutrients
Very small amount of inorganic ions required for the function of the body
Used for STRONG bones and teeth e.g. Ca, Mg & P; formation of hormones, enzymes; and maintaining of fluid levels.
Minerals
Organic compounds required for metabolism, to protect health and for proper growth in children.
Vitamins generally are catalysis, which combines with proteins to create enzymes
Vitamins
Various vitamins are not chemically related and most differ in their structures and physiological action
Fat soluble vitamins (e.g. A, D, E & K)◦ Contain Long hydrocarbon groups
Water soluble vitamins (e.g. B & C)◦ Contain highly polar OH groups
Vitamins
Conformers: ◦ they are isomers which differ only in rotation
around a single bond. Vitamin A
◦ Long carbon chain, one OH group and alternate double and single bonds
◦ Fat soluble◦ light sensitive due to many conjugated double
bonds
Vitamins
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)◦ Five-membered ring containing an O atom; four
OH groups
Vitamins
Substance that are required in relatively large amounts ( 0.005% of body weight)﹥
E.g. proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals (Na, Mg, K, ca, P, S and Cl)
Macronutrients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates produce energy
Macronutrients
Malnutrition: the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.
Income disparities, lack of economic opportunities and poor eating habits and so on
Nutrients deficiencies
Micronutrients deficiencies
Micronutrients affect
Iron (Fe) aneamia (blood disorder)
Iodine (I) goitre (enlarge of thyroid gland)
Retinol (vitamin A) Causes dry eyes; night blindness
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Scurvy (bleeding lesions on the legs)
Calciferol (vitamin D) Softening of bones
Macronutrients deficienies
Macronutrients affect
Proteins Adema (swelling), fatigue, muscle weakness, slow growth
Calcium Ca osteoporosis
Sodium Na cramps
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