7/30/2019 B3DC3DBBD068D4333ADEA24668AC156C

1/2

ii

Contents

Preface v

Acknowledgments vii

Contributors xi

1 Characteristics and Availability ofCommercially Important Wood

Timber Resources and Uses 12Species Descriptions 13U.S. Wood Species 13Imported Woods 117References 134

2 Structure of Wood

Bark, Wood, Branches, and Cambium 21Sapwood and Heartwood 22Growth Rings 22Wood Cells 23Chemical Composition 23Species Identification 24References 24

3 Physical Properties and Moisture Relationsof Wood

Appearance 31Moisture Content 35Shrinkage 37

Weight, Density, and Specific Gravity 311Working Qualities 315Decay Resistance 315Thermal Properties 315Electrical Properties 321Coefficient of Friction 322Nuclear Radiation 323References 323

4 Mechanical Properties of Wood

Orthotropic Nature of Wood 41Elastic Properties 42Strength Properties 43Vibration Properties 425Mechanical Properties of Clear Straight-Grained

Wood 426Natural Characteristics Affecting Mechanical

Properties 427Effects of Manufacturing and Service

Environments 434References 444

5 Commercial Lumber

Hardwood Lumber 51Softwood Lumber 57

Purchase of Lumber 512Commonly Used Lumber Abbreviations 518References 520

6 Lumber Stress Grades and Design Properties

Responsibilities and Standards for StressGrading 62

Visually Graded Structural Lumber 63Machine-Graded Structural Lumber 67Adjustment of Properties for Design Use 611References 614

7 FasteningsNails 72Spikes 78Staples 78Drift Bolts 79Wood Screws 79Lag Screws 711Bolts 714Connector Joints 718Multiple-Fastener Joints 724Metal Plate Connectors 725Fastener Head Embedment 726References 727

8 Structural Analysis Equations

Deformation Equations 81Stress Equations 84Stability Equations 88References 811

9 Adhesive Bonding of Wood Materials

Adhesion to Wood 91Surface Properties of Wood Adherends 92Physical Properties of Wood Adherends 96Adhesives 99

Bonding Process 915Bonded Joints 918Testing and Performance 920References 923

7/30/2019 B3DC3DBBD068D4333ADEA24668AC156C

2/2

iv

10 Wood-Based Composites and Panel Products

Scope 102Types of Conventional Composite

Materials 103Adhesive Considerations 103Additives 104General Manufacturing Issues 104Standards for WoodBased Panels 104Plywood 106

Particle and Fiber Composites 1013WoodNonwood Composites 1024References 1030

11 Glued Structural Members

Structural Composite Lumber 111Glulam 113Glued Members With Lumber and

Panels 1112Structural Sandwich Construction 1116References 1121

12 Drying and Control of Moisture Content

and Dimensional Changes

Determination of Moisture Content 121Recommended Moisture Content 123Drying of Wood 125Moisture Control During Transit and

Storage 1214Dimensional Changes in Wood 1215Design Factors Affecting Dimensional

Change 1218Wood Care and Installation During

Construction 1218References 1220

13 Biodeterioration of Wood

Fungus Damage and Control 131Bacteria 138Insect Damage and Control 138Marine Borer Damage and Control 1313References 1315

14 Wood Preservation

Wood Preservatives 142Preservative Effectiveness 1412Effect of Species on Penetration 1412Preparation of Timber for Treatment 1417Application of Preservatives 1419Handling and Seasoning of Timber After

Treatment 1424Quality Assurance for Treated Wood 1425References 1426

15 Finishing of Wood

Factors Affecting Finish Performance 151Control of Water or Moisture in Wood 159Types of Exterior Wood Finishes 1514Application of Wood Finishes 1519Finish Failure or Discoloration 1524Finishing of Interior Wood 1530Finishes for Items Used for Food 1532Wood Cleaners and Brighteners 1533

Paint Strippers 1533Lead-Based Paint 1535References 1536

16 Use of Wood In Building and Bridges

Light-Frame Buildings 161Post-Frame and Pole Buildings 164Log Buildings 166Heavy Timber Buildings 166Timber Bridges 169Considerations for Wood Buildings 1610References 1614

17 Fire Safety

Fire Safety Design and Evaluation 171Fire Performance Characteristics of Wood 17Flame-Retardant Treatments 1712References 1713

18 Round Timbers and Ties

Standards and Specifications 181Material Requirements 181Availability 182Form 183Weight and Volume 185

Durability 186Strength Properties 187References 188

19 Specialty Treatments

Plasticizing Wood 191Modified Woods 194Paper-Based Plastic Laminates 1912References 1914

Glossary G1

Index I1