1

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 1

Emerging Technologies

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2

 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability to endow computers with intelligence  Attempts to simulate human senses, thought processes, and actions  Designed to help people and organizations become more

productive

 It has only been partially successful due to the obstacles encountered

 Programs cannot function intelligently outside the context for which they are designed

Artificial Intelligence: Toward the Smart Machine?

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 3

Strong Artificial Intelligence

Areas of research based on the conviction that computers will achieve artificial intelligence equal to that of humans

 CYC - to create a computer that knows as much as a 12 year old

 COG - insect-like humanoid robot  Kismet – sociable humanoid robot that can learn

and interact with humans

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 4

Defining Artificial Intelligence

 No clear consensus on what intelligence really is   Intelligence involves some or all of the following abilities:

  Learn and retain the learned knowledge   Reason on the basis of this knowledge   Adapt to new circumstances   Plan (develop strategies)   Communicate   Recognize patterns

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 5

Defining Artificial Intelligence

 Compared to the human brain, computers accept smaller amounts of input and have poorer pattern recognition skills, but calculate and output faster than humans

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 6

Emerging Technologies

 Three areas of AI  Knowledge-based (expert) systems  Virtual reality  Robotics

2

7

Knowledge-Based (Expert) Systems

 Expert system: Replicates human experts and often used in conjunction with DSSs

 Natural language processing (NLP) system: Enables users to communicate with computers using a natural spoken or written language (Example: Allows patients to respond to questions in humanlike way to doctors )

 Artificial intelligence (AI): Branch of computer science that deals with attempting to create computers that think like humans

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 8

Knowledge-Based (Expert) Systems

 Artificial intelligence that uses a database for assistance as the knowledge base

 Support concept of “fuzzy logic”

  “Fuzzy logic” induce past experience into a decision by considering more possibilities based on the probabilities of the responses

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 9

Virtual Reality

 Artificial or simulated reality  Generated in 3-D by a computer  Commonly known as VR, artificial reality, or virtual

environments

 Virtual reality modeling language (VRML)  Used to create real-

time animated 3-D scenes  Cosmos Worlds from

Cosmos Software

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 10

Virtual Reality

 Users can use LCD helmets or 3D glasses and sensor-equipped gloves to experience VR

 Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)  Projects stereoscopic images

onto walls to create a virtual environment

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 11

Robots

 A robot is a computer-based device programmed to perform motions that can accomplish useful tasks

 Japanese-made Partner-type Personal Robot (PaPeRo) – responds to human interactions

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 12

Robotics

 The field of study concerned with using robots  Robots are computer-controlled machines

 Mimic the motor activities of living things  Three types of robots

 Perception systems   Industrial robots  Mobile robots

3

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 13

Robots

 Perception systems robots imitate some human senses such as guiding machine tools, inspecting products and securing homes

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 14

Robots

 Industrial robots are performing tasks such as assembly, welding, painting and materials handling

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 15

Robots

 Mobile robots act as transports for locating and disarming explosives, for entertainment devices and mail delivery

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 16

A Look to the Future Artificial Intelligence

 Research is being done to give robots a sense of values so they can make decisions independently

 The Saya robot with artificial skin and muscles, is under development in Tokyo

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 17

Discussion Questions

 What is nanotechology?  Explain the concepts of biological feedback and

digital forensics.  Describe the three areas of virtual reality.  Discuss how robots are used today to fight crime.  Discuss the three different types of robots.  How can virtual reality help people with different

fears and phobias?

© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 18

Participation Question

Which robot is used for inspecting the quality of products or securing homes? A. Industrial robot B. Mobile robot C. Perception robot D. Artificial robot E. Virtual robot