b2 oral exam presenation

B2 Oral exam presentation:

Quantum Computing

Ahmed KAMAL

Introduction Principles of quantum computing Pros and cons of quantum computing Availability of quantum technology Post-quantum computing Conclusion

B2 Oral Exam Presentation - Ahmed KAMAL 2

Contents

DefinitionThe quantum computing is a technology of computing based on quantum mechanical phonemena to perform operations on data. Its approch uses laser pulses to excite atoms, which create different levels of energy.

Why do we need quantum computing ?• Technology based on transistors will achieve its limits by 2030 (Moore’s

law)• We can’t reduce dimensions of atoms !

Introduction


Introduction


What is already made

• First idea of a quantum processor (to simulate how atoms behave) was in 1982

• First algorithms were made in 1994 (to factorise large numbers) and 1996 (to do reverse search)

• In 2001, a quantum algorithm was used for the first time to factorise 15 by manipulating spins of atoms.

• In 2005, an 8-qubit computer manipulated by lasers was made in Austria.• In 2009, a universal computing with a 2-qubit ion-trap processor was made

in Yale University.

Qubit• The unit of quantum information –the equivalent of the

numeric bit- with additional dimensions associated to quantum propreties of atoms.

• Unlike the digital bit, It can be a 0, 1 or a superposition of both.

• Using laser or ion-trap to change the state of the qubit.

Quantum parallelismIt can be interpreted as that atoms are radiating to many different directions simultaneously. If an atom can travel through many different routes simultaneously, a computer should be able to use atoms to perform calculations through diffrent routes too.It can be created by laser pulses to change atoms states.

Principles of quantum computing


Quantum entaglement• In case of isolation of the processor, if an atom

spins in a direction, the other atoms in the processor will spin in directions mathematically related to the direction of the first one.

• It allows to different qubits to share the superposed states.

Dots & ions• Manipulating superconducting dots (of aluminum)

– which contain millions of atoms- by lasers is better than the manipulation of ions with ion-trap technique

• These dots are considered as giant superatoms and represent ideal qubits.



Example of a quantum computer



Increase of computing power• If the number of qubits increases, the number of calculations will

increase exponentially (In classic computation, it increases linearly).• Can do huge number of calculations that can’t be done by numeric

computers

Security• Cryptography is related to computing power, so the security in

telecomuncation can reach higher levels.• Impossibility to obtain the private key, any eavesdropping will be

detected.

Teleportation !• It is the capability to make an object or a person disintegrate in one

place while a perfect replica appears in another.• In classic physics it’s infeasable, however it can be done with EPR

process.

Advantages of quantum computing


Unequilibred repartition of powerIf some companies use quantum computers and others not, first ones will have an advantage and can access to the system of the others.

Machines superior to human intelligence

It will be possible to build machines that can replicate themselves, so it will exceed human capabilities Loss of human dominance.

Unpredictible changes of human life

Changes in our life will happen very fastly, and it will be impossible to predict what will happen. This is can be very dangerous.

Dangers of quantum computing


Limits of this technology today• A useful processor (multiple qubits) requires a very low

temperature and difficult conditions• Quantum processors must be well isolated to work

properly Difficulty of commercialisation • The use of quantum computers in daily life will NOT be

possible in the near future

Decoherence• Only 94%-99% of the manipulations of atoms are made

correctly: lasers make sometimes indiserable changes of atoms state. (Same thing as friction for mechanical computers in the 19th century)

• Solution: Low temperature Less noise, Extreme isolation (electromagntic and mechanical)

Availability of quantum technology


Application in medecineNanomachines can be made, introduced in the body to fight diseases (fix anaomalies)

DNA capacity of computing• DNA can store information, it uses the quantum

paralellism • Quantity of DNA floating in 950 L could contain more

information than the totality of computers ever made

Post-quantum computing


Summary• Quantum computers will change our life as numeric ones did in the last

century.• BUT not tomorow, nowadays it’s infeasible

Conclusion


Chen, Winshin. “Quantum computing” .“ISRC Future Technology Topic Brief”. College of Business, University of Huston

Brooks, Michael. “Quantum computers are coming -just don’t ask when”. The New Scientist. September, the 16th 2009

Sources


b2 oral exam presenation

Technology

quantum algorithm

quantum entaglement

quantum parallelismit

use of quantum computers

summary quantum computers

technology of computing

unit of quantum information

computing power