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Algae Photo Bio-Reactor _ algae as next energy source‘‘Mixed use transportation fully integrated into biological metabolism’’

‘‘Transportation hub acts as a biological metabolism and environmental filter harnessing harmfull traffic emissions to feed and cultivates microscopic algal to produce renewable bio-fuels’’.

About algeaAmong the fastest growing plants about 50% of their weight is oil. It contains no sulfur, non toxic and highly biodegradable. Algae fuel is also known as algal fuel or oilgae. Algae are photosynthesis organism; they vary from small sigle-celled forms to complex multi –cellular forms. Algea live on a high concentration of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These pollutants are released by automobiles, fossil fuels, cement production and factories. These pollutants conserve as nutrient for the algae. Using algae for reducing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is known as algae based carbon capture technology. The algae production facilities can thus be fed with exhaust gases from these plants to signifantly increase the algal productivity and clean up the air. An additional benefit from this technology is that the oil found in algae can be processed into a biodiesel. This technology offers a safe and sustainable solution to the problems associated with global warming.

Algae for CO2 captureThe tranformation during the new green revolution enables a solution to the shortage of fuel in the world. Self sustaining ‘mobile’ which it could procedure electricity and biofuel without emitting carbon dioxide, CO2 thus reduce the impact on the environment. With less energy consumption, production of hydrogen as one of the clean energy source has been promising as studies prove it could be exploited for production in long term as alternative energy source. Production farm of algea is function as a miniature biochemical power station where it could absorb CO2 as its main nutrient for photosynthesis by producing hydrogen in bioreactor. In order to increase the speed of the photosynthesis, the bioreactor is reduced in size. Smaller plastic tubes operate and inter-connect together; the bi0reactor tubes cover the south and west façade. To produce fuel from CO2, algae and other photosynthesis organism liquid will be pumped into a plastic photo-bioreactor and exposed to sunlight. The mass of algae can double or triple in size within 24 hours. During photosynthesis carbon dioxide will be capture and converted into oxygen and biomass. Up to 99% of the carbon dioxide can be converted. The algal oil can then be converted into bio-diesel through a routine process called transesterification, in which it is processed using ethanol and a catalyst.

References: 1. Green Building Index. www.greenbuildingindex.org2. Susan, S. F. (2005) Planning Theory and the City, Assoc. of Collegiate School of Planning.3. Shidan. C, Siqi. X. (2011) Making Eco-Smart City in the Future,Dept. of Arch, Wuhan University, China4. InNURM. City Environment Profile (Chapter 4), IL&FS Ecosmart, Delhi5. Eco-city Alexandria (2008) Eco – City Charter City of Alexandria, Virginia

6. May. H. (2009). Sustainable Urban Development and the Chinese Eco – City, Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway7. Simon. J, Daniel. T, Robert. C, (2011) Eco-City Profiles, A Global Survey, Univ. of Westminster , London8. Dragana.C, (2009) The Garden City Concept: From Theory To Implementation Case study: Professor’ Colony in Belgrade, Univ. of Belgrade9. (2009) Transit Friendly Design Guidelines, Frederick Country, Maryland10. (2007) Transit Oriented Development best practices handbook, The City of Calgary11. (2006) Transit Friendly Design Guide, Calgary City Council, Alberta 12. (2012) Transit-Oriented Communities Design Guidelines creating more livable places around transit in Metro Vancouver (Version 1), Trans Link, Burnaby

Sustainable Eco - Transit City_ application of GBI Township

photo bioreactor on building facade

floating garden

1 2 3 4 5 6• The main aim to create zero carbon emissions

city by maximising passive design principles and adopting onsite energy generation.

• Using alternative green renewable energy for electricity by mean wind turbine.

• Produce the own alternative energy power Algae Oil (bio-diesel) on site as a new future bio fuel for replace oil commodity (fossil fuel).

• Respect the surrounding environment and native ecological systems

• Sensitive to the needs of the local ecology & biodiversity and aims to preserve and enhance the ecological value of the natural environment.

• Promote the preservation and restoration of ecologically sensitive natural areas, parks, and open space.

• Develop a network of greenways (green web) throughout the community to enhance the environment and recreational opportunities.

• Encourage “playing in the city” through targeted activity programming can increase the social and physical health of residents as well as reduce environmental impacts.

• Developing into a medium density, transit-oriented, complete urban village neighbourhood that offers residential the opportunity to live, work, shop, play and learn within a convenient distance in the community.

• Promote the development of pilot projects for innovative green development.

• Compact mixed use neighbourhoods• Promote community identity and pride through public

art and place-making, ensuring that development reflects Langkawi unique community character.

• The Township will develop and implement a strategy to provide convenient and realistic alternatives to the vehicle for daily needs in all neighbourhoods over time, through enhancement of pedestrian, bicycle and transit services.

• The Township will develop a greenway network strategy that provides a pedestrian cyclist network, integrating the town and open space areas to create a greenway network or web linking all aspects of the Township in a humanscale, highly-connected manner.

• Bicycle routes will also be designed to support electric bicycles, electric scooters and other emerging clean and micro-scale transportation technology.

• Complete a sidewalk inventory of sidewalk condition and character to support a long term strategy to upgrade the public realm.

• To reduce the impact of parking in the community and support a shift away from the car by reducing parking supply while respecting the needs of commercial areas.

• Promote safety and reduced traffic impact on residential neighbourhoods.

• Green buildings for all new development, including a requirement for all new buildings in the community to be green, in the future.

• Develop economic development strategy based on transit with zoning control (housing, office, hotel, retail, infrastructure, and entertainment) in Kuah, Langkawi.

• Invest in mixed use or mixed income transit oriented development - new construction and preservation.

• To reduce energy consumption, increase the role of renewable energy, and reduce emissions.

• develop a formal energy and emissions strategy to address - in an integrated, community-wide process - energy needs, associated emissions andopportunities for renewable energy supplies.

• generate income and profit by algae oil production onsite.• develop facade treatment using micro chip algae photo

bio-reactor

Climate, energy and water Ecology and Environment Community Planning and Design

Transportation and Connectivity

Building and Resources Business and Innovation

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wind turbine

algae photo bio-reactor

marina garden

floating garden (new public realm)

transit sentral

residential retail

bus station

algae photo bio-reactor

pedestrian network

train railways route

cycle route main road

marina garden as a core of public realm in the citycommercial zonepublic transport zone (train, bus, tram, bcycle rent) public realm (garden)residential

transit

algae photo bio-reactor

smart algae micro cheap

process production algae oil design approach

application

technical diagram oilgae production using photo bi-reactor

Algae as facade treatment to generate new energy.

Main components for facade

commercial hotel

algae photo bio-reactor create a new typology of public realm

cruise terminal bridge

sea

queiuing & waiting area

pier (departure & arrival) main jetty

terminal basement parking

hotelcommercial

& retail

hotel & observe tower

office tower

residential

esplanade

bus station

PHOTO-VOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL(Building roof & shading device)

(At building facade)

ALGAE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

ALGAE PHOTO BIO-REACTOR

GREEN ROOF

transit station