b physics, cp violation and ckm (theory)
DESCRIPTION
B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory). Vali Bashiry (IPM) Feb 12, 2007. Plan of this talk. Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> tn Bs mixing and Bs -> mm Future of flavor physics. u. n e. e. d. n m. c. m. s. t. n t. t. b. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Feb 12,2007 Vali Bashiry 1
B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory)Vali Bashiry (IPM)Feb 12, 2007
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Vali Bashiry 2Feb 12,2007
Plan of this talk Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> Bs mixing and Bs -> Future of flavor physics
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Vali Bashiry 3Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
du
sc
bt
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
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Vali Bashiry 4Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
du
sc
bt
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
s
c
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Vali Bashiry 5Feb 12,2007
3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuumLeptons
ee
Quarks
du
sc
bt
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
s
d c
u
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Vali Bashiry 6Feb 12,2007
, , i
i i iLL R Ri
L
uQ u d
d
Quarks: Masses ?
Scalar Higgs field
1
2
Yukawa couplingHiggs-quarks
012 v
, M2 2
u uij iji j u
Y L R ij
Y v Y vL Q u
Interaction quarks-W
(charged currents):
†u u u udiagM V M V
†u dCKMV V V
from flavour tomass eigenstates
33 unitary matrix
† = 2 2
i j i u d jcc L L L i j L
g gL u d W u V V d W
From the Higgs to the CKM Matrix
SpontaneousSymmetry breaking
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Vali Bashiry 7Feb 12,2007
2 3
2 2
3 2
1 / 21 / 2
1 1CKM
A iV A
A i A
Wolfenstein Parameterization (expansion in ~ 0.2):
CKM
ud us ub
cd cs cb
td ts tb
V V VV V V V
V V V
CPV phase
VCKM unitary and complex
4 real parameters . (3 angles and 1 phase)
2 6J A
* *Im 0ij k i kjJ V V V V
0 no CPV in SM
(phase invariant!)
Jarlskog 1985
Kobayashi, Maskawa 1973
“Explicit” CPV in SM, if: 3 ( )( )( ) / 0t c t u c u tF m m m m m m m 3' ( )( )( ) / 0b s b d s d bF m m m m m m m
non-degeneratemasses
Link between flavour and CP violation
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
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Vali Bashiry 8Feb 12,2007
ubV
B sector: K sector:
3 3 3
0ud ub cd cb td tbV V V V V V
A A A
Expect large CP-violating
effects in B-System
2 5
0
ud us cd cs td tsV V V V V V
A
0,0 0,1
η,ρ
ρ
η
Tree processes
Loop processes (mixing, ...)
New Physics?
tdV
The Unitarity Triangle
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Vali Bashiry 9Feb 12,2007
Studying CP Violation in the B System
ATLAS
CLEO 3
?
1999
2008
2001
A Worldwide Effort:
BTEV
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Vali Bashiry 10Feb 12,2007
B deacysTree level & Loop level (Penguin)
B->J/Ks
“tree”
B->Ks
“penguin”
Pure Leptonic (B-> l+ l-, B-> l+ ,…) Hadronic (B->J/yKs, B->Ks,….) Semileptonic (B-> l+ l-, B->K l+ l-,….)
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Vali Bashiry 11Feb 12,2007
The CKM Matrix: Impact of B PhysicsObservables CKM
Parameters() Experimental Sources Theoretical Uncertainties Quality
md (|Vtd|) (1–)2 + 2 BdBd f +f – + X, XRECO fBdBd
ms (|Vts|) A Bs f + + X = fBsBs/fBdBd
sin2 , Bd cc sd, ss sd small
sin2 , Bd +(+) – Strong phases, penguins ?
, B DK small
b u, Direct CPV Strong phases, penguins ?
|Vcb| A b cl (excl. / incl.) FD*(1) / OPE
|Vub| 2 + 2 b ul (excl. / incl.) Model / OPE
|Vtd| (1–)2 + 2 Bd Model (QCD FA) ?
|Vts| NPBd Xs (K()) , K() l+l– (FCNC)
Model ?
|Vub|, fBd 2 + 2 B+ + fBd
() Observables may also depend on and A - not always explicitly noted
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Vali Bashiry 12Feb 12,2007
The Golden Channel:
Single weak phase:• clean extraction of CP phase
• no CPV in decay:
0 0, ,/ /( ) sin(2 ) sin( )
dS L S L BJ K J KA t m t
0
,/1
S LJ K
* * *
* * *
2iβe
tb td cb cs cd cs
tb td cb cs cd cs
V V V V V Vq Ap A V V V V V V
*cbV
csVb
d
c
d
cs
0 0,, / S LB B J K
bcs
d d
ct,c,ug
Tree Diagram Penguin
* *u t c tus ub cs cbA V V P P V V T P P
4 2(negligible)
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Vali Bashiry 13Feb 12,2007
Standard Inputs
|Vud| 0.97394 0.00089 neutron & nuclear decay|Vus| 0.2200 0.0025 K l|Vcd| 0.224 0.014 dimuon production: N (DIS)|Vcs| 0.969 0.058 W XcX (OPAL)|Vub| (4.09 0.61 0.42) 10–3 LEP inclusive|Vub| (4.08 0.56 0.40) 10–3 CLEO inclusive & moments bs|Vub| (3.25 0.29 0.55) 10–3 CLEO exclusive
product of likelihoods for |Vub|
|Vcb| (40.4 1.3 0.9) 10–3 Excl./Incl.+CLEO Moment Analysis K (2.271 0.017) 10–3 PDG 2000md (0.496 0.007) ps–1 BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002)ms Amplitude Spectrum’02 LEP, SLD, CDF (2002)sin2 0.734 0.054 WA, ICHEP 02mt(MS) (166 5) GeV/c2 CDF, D0, PDG 2000fBdBd (230 28 28) MeV Lattice 2000 1.16 0.03 0.05 Lattice 2000BK 0.87 0.06 0.13 Lattice 2000
Tree
pro
cess
n
o N
ew P
hysi
csSt
anda
rd C
KM
fit i
n ha
nd o
f lat
tice
QC
D
+ other parameters with less relevant errors…
status: ICHEP’02
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Vali Bashiry 14Feb 12,2007
CP violation and quark flavor mixing
CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery.
Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation.
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Vali Bashiry 15Feb 12,2007
In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->d
LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects.
There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained.
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Vali Bashiry 16Feb 12,2007
Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row
Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years.
The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1.
A proposal of Vus from decay
Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry.
Nucleardecay B decay K decay
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Vali Bashiry 17Feb 12,2007
Unitarity triangle
mBd, mBs/mBd,
b->u transition
B(B->)/B(B->K*)
B(K0->0)B(K+ -> +)
K
CP asymmetries in bccs modes.CP asymmetries in BCP asymmetriesin BDK, etc.()/(2): CP asymmetry in BD, etc
Angle determination
Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the anglesand lengths of the unitarity triangle.
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Vali Bashiry 18Feb 12,2007
The unitarity triangle: a year ago
Already many observablequantities are over-constrainingthe unitarity triangle.
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Vali Bashiry 19Feb 12,2007
Is this enough?Not, to study New Physics effects.In order to disentangle new physicseffects, we should first determine CKMparameters by “tree-level” processes.
Fit from tree level processes
We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics.Improvement of is essential.
|Vub|,
Bd mixing and CP asymmetries
eK and B(K)
Bs mixing and CP asymmetries
+
+
+
Pre-ICHEP 06
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Vali Bashiry 20Feb 12,2007
CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processesSummer 2005
“sin “ is the same in the SM Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk
Time-dependent CP asymmetry(Dominant decay diagrams)B->J/Ks
“tree”
B->Ks
New phase (ex SUSY)“penguin”
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Vali Bashiry 21Feb 12,2007
Recent theoretical calculations on S= sin(21eff)-sin(21) There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries b
etween penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory).
Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B toKs and ’Ks modes in the Standard Model.
S(0Ks)
S(’Ks
S(Ks)
SCETWilliamson-Zupan
QCDFBuchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz
QCDFBeneke
QCDF+FSICheng-Chua-Soni
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Vali Bashiry 22Feb 12,2007
Rare B decays There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables.
Inclusive and exclusive b->s Inclusive and exclusive b->dInclusive and exclusive b->sll
1. Direct CP violation in b->sd2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*Ks0
3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetryin b ->sll.
(New phase)
(Right-handed photon operator)
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Vali Bashiry 23Feb 12,2007
B
K*
l+
l-
Many recent theoretical developments are reported.
• Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth)• Inclusive b->ul, b->sB->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann)• B->K in SCET.(S.Jaeger) • Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*, Ks0. Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol)• Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l- QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu)
A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu
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Vali Bashiry 24Feb 12,2007
Tauonic B decayThe Belle result of the B branching ratio.
This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tan case
H-b
u
Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on
=> R.Barlow’s talk
b
u
W
439.056.046.049.0 10)79.1()(BF
B (Preliminary)
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Vali Bashiry 25Feb 12,2007
B(b->) vs. B(b->c) and B(B->D) Related modes are inclusive and exclusive proces
ses on b->c . Inclusive B(b->c) was measured at LEP
Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995
B(B->)
B(B->D)/B(B->D)
Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O
LEP
Belle ICHEP06Constraint on “r” in 2HDM.B(b->c)/B(b->ce)
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Vali Bashiry 26Feb 12,2007
Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC
•The parameter region coveredby B decays and the charged Higgs production overlaps.•If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings.
B-> H-b-u coupling B->D H-b-c couplinggb->tH: H-b-t coupling
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
Belle B->excluded region(95.5%CL)
Hb
t
t
g
SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality.
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
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Vali Bashiry 27Feb 12,2007
Bs physics
This is a year of the Bs mixing.
Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (ms/md~40) Sizable life-time difference: s/s ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM.
Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz
If new physics effects induce a CP phase inthe Bs mixing amplitude:
Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/(S)<SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and S.
Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.PerezS
ASL
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Vali Bashiry 28Feb 12,2007
Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY
•Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. •Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions.•Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix.
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Vali Bashiry 29Feb 12,2007
SUSY GUT and Bs mixing
SM
T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003
B() vs. ms/md in SUSY GUT
B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147
SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino
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Vali Bashiry 30Feb 12,2007
Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model
•Little Higgs model : a model with a composite Higgs boson.
•New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. •The mass of these particles are around 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.
•The lightest T-odd particle is a dark mattercandidate.
~10 TeV, new strong dynamics
~ 1TeV
WH, ZH, ij, uH,dH
AH
T+,T-
~200 GeV
A Higgs boson and SM particles
Particle content of the littlestHiggs model with T parity.
N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003
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Vali Bashiry 31Feb 12,2007
Flavor signals of T-odd fermionsT-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions
Three flavor mixing matrixesTwo are independent.
d
u
W
VCKM
u
qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHu
d
qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHd
A new flavor mixing matrix can generatevarious patterns of deviation from the SM.
M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler
J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz
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Vali Bashiry 32Feb 12,2007
Bsand SUSY SUSY loop corrections can enhance B
(Bs->) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan .
Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects
sb
The discovery regionof a neutral Higgs bosonthrough pp->b0->bat LHC and the discovery region of Bs-> atTevatron and LHC overlap.
C.Kao and Y.Wang
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Vali Bashiry 33Feb 12,2007
Future of Kaon phyiscs
New limit2.1X10-7
(KEK E391)based on1/10 of Run I data
K0->0
A.Ceccuci
M.Doroshenko K
L KEK E391=> JPARC JPARC-P14
K CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3)
JPARC-P09 Transverse polarisation in K (T-Violation )
JPARC-P06 Other Initiatives:
DANAE (Frascati) OKA (Protvino)
65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year
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Vali Bashiry 34Feb 12,2007
B physics at LHC
LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf
ATLAS T.Sivoklokov
CMS U.Langenegger
Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K* measurements, etc.
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Vali Bashiry 35Feb 12,2007
Super B factory
5/ab 50/ab
In many aspects asymmetric B factoriesare complementary toB physics in hadron machine (unique forneutrino and tau modes)
Super KEK LoI
Current Belle+BaBar integratedluminosity: L(now)~1/ab
5X L(now) 50X L(now)
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Vali Bashiry 36Feb 12,2007
Pattern of New Physics effects
SUSY
Large Extra Dimensionmodel
Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction.Correlation with other physics observables.
2003 SLAC WS Proceedings
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Vali Bashiry 37Feb 12,2007
Summary
B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results.
Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics.
All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era.