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General OverviewM9703A AXIe High-Speed Digitizer8-4 channels, 12-bit, 1.6 - 3.2 GS/s

Jean-Luc LehmannProduct Manager

Etienne BeguinMarcom Specialist

October 22, 2015

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High-Speed Digitizer Technology Expertise

Our technology can enhance the products you’re creating on the following aspects:

M9703A AXIe Digitizer Overview 2

“ Discover what you couldn’t see before ”

“ As fast as technology can take you – Pushing the limits of processing speed ”− Better measurement fidelity and

signal integrity

− Higher measurement throughput

− Lower Total Cost of Ownership

− Reduced footprint

Our solution is designed to include in the final purchasing price, those hidden costs that are usually overlooked.

At the end of your product life cycle, you will save significant amount of time using Keysight high-speed digitizers.

“ Reduce the risks –today and tomorrow ”

“ Full cost controlthrough life time ”

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Different Form Factors for Different Applications

– PCI/PCIe: OEM 1-2 channels and Universities studies

– PXI/PXIe: Manufacturing test and ATE

– AXIe: Multichannel system in Physics and beyond


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Technology Evolution

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PCI PCIe

cPCI

VME

PXI PXIe

AXIe

M9703A AXIeDigitizer Overview

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State-of-the-Art Modular Digitizer Technology

ADC 8- to 16-bit, 100 MS/s to 10 GS/s


M9703A Application Focus AreasM9703AAdvanced applied physics experiments− Hydrodynamics− Fusion− uW/RF Astronomy

M9703A with DDC OptionMulti-channel measurements− Antenna array calibration (Radar)− Radar system prototyping &

emulation − Multi-band satellite monitoring− Passive radar receiver− Multi-channel advanced

communication (BBIQ, MIMO)

M9703A AXIe Digitizer Overview

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Keysight M9703A AXIe High-Speed DigitizerFASTEST test time! Widest bandwidth, high flexibility and dynamic range on multiple phase-coherentchannels, accelerating measurements of large scale active antennas

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Key Features− 12 bit Resolution− 8 channels @ 1.6 GS/s− Interleaving option to get 4 ch @ 3.2 GS/s− DC to 2 GHz input frequency range− Real-time flexible wideband digital

downconversion (DDC) on 40 phase-coherent channels

− Up to 1 GS/ch memory − > 800 MB/s data transfer− Keysight 89600 Software support

M9703A OS support− Windows− XP (32-bit)− 7 (32/64-bit)− Linux

Drivers – MD1 software− IVI-C, IVI-COM− LabVIEW− Matlab (through IVI-COM)

OTS application software− MD1 soft front panel− AcqirisMAQS U1092A-S01/S02/S03− 89600 VSA software


M9703A Features and Benefits

Product Features

12-bit resolution

up to 3.2 GS/s

8 channels in a single-slot AXIemodule

PCIe x4 Gen2 back-plane connectivity

Your Benefits

High dynamic range for the best measurement fidelity

Measure the fastest signals

Highest channel density to easily build high number of synchronous

acquisition channels

Highest measurement throughput


Digital Down-conversion (DDC)

What is a digital down-converter?

It’s a flexible processing block that allows an ADC to run at full rate while the output sample rate and bandwidth are optimized to match the signal under test.

− Digital signal processing

− Produces complex I&Q samplesfrom real ADC samples

− Frequency translation (tune)

− Filter and decimation (zoom)

Real-time digital downconversion

(DDC)


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M9703A With DDC Option Details

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Main Functions:− DDC on up to 40 phase-coherent channels (1.6 GS/s) − Decimation factor by 4 then programmable by 2n, leading to Sample Rate

ranging from 400MS/s down to 200MS/2N, N=0..18− Fine IF tuning (0.01Hz) over the full digitizer bandwidth (independent per

channel)− Channel Magnitude Trigger

x40

Full Sample Rate(1.6 GSa/sec)

FrequencyShift

DecimationFilter


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M9703A With DDC Option Details

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Noise and other signals in the full ADC bandwidth are eliminated by the DDC, isolating the signal of interest, and increasing the dynamic range in the time-domain waveform through reduced total noise power.

Interest for your application: − Reduce the bandwidth and the sample rate to the appropriate values

for the signal being analyzed.− Setting the analysis bandwidth around the signal of interest, by shifting

the center frequency − Triggering on the signal of interest at a specified frequency and

bandwidth


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Real-Time DDC Decimation Steps

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Analysis Bandwidth / Frequency span

-DDC option Sample Rate with SR2 (SR1)

-LDC option Sample Rate with SR2 (SR1)

800 MHz (500 MHz)* 1.6 GS/s (1 GS/s)* N.A.

300 MHz (180 MHz) 400 MS/s (250 MS/s) N.A.

160 MHz (100 MHz) 200 MS/s (125 MS/s) 200 MS/s (125 MS/s)

80 MHz (50 MHz) 100 MS/s (62.5 MS/s) 100 MS/s (62.5 MS/s)

40 MHz (25 MHz) 50 MS/s (31.25 MS/s) 50 MS/s (31.25 MS/s)

160/2N MHz (100/2N MHz) 200/2N** MS/s (125/2N MS/s) 200/2N** Ms/s (125/2N MS/s)

*No decimation (real/un-modulated data)


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OS Systems, Drivers and SoftwareA Modular Software Structure

OS support:

• Windows:

• XP (32-bit),

• 7 (32/64-bit)

• Linux

z

Time DomainFrequency Domain

Automation Platform

Keysight89600 VSA

KeysightAcqirisMAQS

High-Speed Digitizers

MathWorksMATLAB

Software Front Panel

Command Expert

Instrument Drivers

MATLABVisual Studio VEELabVIEWLabWindows

CVI

C#, C/C++VB.NET


Questions and Answers

AXIe Section

AXIe: What and WhyAdvancedTCA (ATCA) Extensions for Instrumentation and Test

What is it?

− AXIe is a next-generation open standard based on AdvancedTCA® with extensions for instrumentation and test, that delivers high performance instrumentation for aerospace defense, high energy physics, semiconductor test and other industries.

− This standard is governed by the AXIe Consortium, a group of leading organizations in the test and measurement industry and is designed to provide users with popular PC interfaces such as TCP/IP and PCI Express to modular configuration slots which provide resources for advanced instrumentation (www.axiestandard.org).

AXIe Consortium, Inc Members:


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AXIe Standard: What and Why

Why another modular test standard?

− Higher performance per rack inch

− Greater scalability

− Integrates easily with PXI/cPCI, LXI and IVI

− More modularity, more flexibility, higher speeds addresses and range of platforms- ATE Systems, rack-and-stack modular, bench top, module plug-ins

− Significant reduction of development and unit costs

− Uses the PCIe data bus standard

17M9703A AXIe Digitizer Overview

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AXIe Leverages ATCA

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AdvancedTCA

IVIPXI/cPCI/PCIe LXI

− Virtual PXIe instruments− PCIe communication

− Virtual LXI instruments

− LAN communication

− Standard drivers work in all Application Development Environments

− VISA standard

AXIe − AdvancedTCA specific extensions− IPMI and resource management− Timing and Sync− Zone 3 configurations

…draws from and works with existing instrument standards


AdvancedTCA as a Foundation

− AdvancedTCA PICMG® 3.0 Standard: proven open system architecture− Large board size

− Ideal for high performance instrumentation−Board size matches that of planar instrument design

− Rack space efficiency −Horizontal and vertical configurations

− Scalability − 1 slot to 14 slots, 1 chassis to many

− Ideal for high power applications −Single rail power management and robust cooling

− Robust system management − Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) enables both single chassis

and multi-chassis system control functions


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AXIe: What and WhyAdvancedTCA (ATCA) Extensions for Instrumentation and TestWhat advantages does it bring?

− “Big brother to cPCI/PXI”. Same PCIe fabric and programming, but with:

− Horizontal configurations for minimal rack space, vertical for large systems

− Larger boards for highest rack and power densities per rack inch

− High speed trigger, timing, and local bus

− Integrates easily with cPCI/PXI, LXI and IVI

− ATCA compatibility

− Longevity

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2-slot configuration 5-slot configurationcPCI

PXI


Mechanical ArchitectureAXIe Blade structure

− 4 single-size Front End Mezzanines

− 1 Timebase Mezzanine

Front Panel I/O [Common]

− 1 External Clock Input (SMA)

− 3 External Trigger (MCX)

− 2 General Purpose PIO (MMCX)

− FPGA JTAG Interface for FDK

− ATCA Blue LED + Backplane FPGA LED

− 2 x SFP Transceivers (LC Duplex) (*)

− 4 x DPU FPGA LED

Front Panel I/O [M9703A]

− Mezzanine I/O:

− 1 Ext Direct Clock (SMA)

− 2 Channel Signal Input (SMA)


M9703A with Wideband, Multichannel Real-Time DDC

Digitizer component for Active Antenna test solutions

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Challenges for Active Antenna Calibration & TestAre you concerned by the following challenges?

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1. Need measurement flexibility with the best sensitivity− Measure wideband and complex signals with high resolution− Trade-off between different analysis bandwidth and sensitivity− Not limited to CW measurements

2. Need to accelerate the measurement time− High number of elements (Tx/Rx) to be measured− Lots of test conditions and fast changes− Measure signal parameters while changing test conditions

3. Need more synchronous acquisition channels in a limited space− More elements to be measured in parallel− Limited place and/or power− Precise angular and amplitude measurements between lots of

channels


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Keysight Solution: M9703A 12-bit Digitizer with Digital Downconversion (DDC) option

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Most flexible measurements with high resolution

Fastest measurements

Highest number of phase-coherent channels

From days to HOURS!


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Historical Phased Array Test ChallengesAligning Radiating Elements for Optimum Performance

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SLL

-3dB HP BW

[1]: J. Ruze, “Pattern degradation of space fed phased arrays,” MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Project Rept. SBR-1, Dec. 1979.

−Phase and amplitude errors lead to an increase in side lobe levels (SLL)

− Large side lobes indicate a waste of beam forming power and cause interference

−Average side lobe level due to phase and amplitude errors (normalized to isotropic level and using λ/2 element spacing) [1]:

− ∅

−Where ∅is the phase error variance (radians) and is the fractional amplitude error variance


Growing Challenges in Phased Array Antenna

− Array Element Counts Increasing (need speed without loss of accuracy)

− Digital Moving Closer to the Antenna (may not have access to stimulus in analog form)

− Broadband Modulated Signals (not just pulsed)(need to generate and capture full-bandwidth signals)

− Multi-Function (need flexible measurement system, other typesof signal analysis such as modulation accuracy)

- Search, SAR, etc.- Communications


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Measuring Relative Phase and Gain

Two Approaches

Narrow Band Approach - Swept or stepped tone- Narrowband receiver- Measure one freq at a time- Cross-channel computations in time

domain- Lower variance by integrating longer

(narrower RBW)

Broadband Approach- Broadband stimulus- Wideband receiver- Measure all frequencies

simultaneously- Compute cross-channel spectrum- Lower variance by averaging

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DUT RX + DIGITIZER

Signal Generator

AWG

Network Analyzers are limited to narrowband measurements

Digitizers and VSA’s with DDC’s have adjustable bandwidths


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Multi-Channel support: Single

and Paralell

Frequency range: 10 MHz to 50 GHz

Analysis BW− 1 GHz (interleaved)− 800 MHz− 300 MHz (DDC)

Phase coherency75 fs rms0.03° @ 400 MHz BB

16 channel configuration

M9703A With DDC OptionTesting up to 40 Phase Coherent Wideband Receiver Channels


AXIe M9703A Digitizer with DDC FeatureValue #1: FLEXIBILITY Measure various type of signals with optimized resolution

We can help you: − Measure the wideband signals with the best sensitivity− Measure complex signals− Change measurement conditions and measure the signal of interest

M9703A with DDC Traditional solutionSinusoid

Pulse signal Dual-tone

Multi-tone (> 2) Live signal

Beam forming Complex stimulus/response


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AXIe M9703A Digitizer with DDC FeatureValue #2: SPEED of MEASUREMENT

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We can help you: − Accelerate the data upload time− Reduce the data post processing workload− Measure only the signals of interest− Increase the number of measurements in a given time

Decimated Sample Rate Analysis Bandwidth

400 MS/s* 300 MHz*200 MS/s 160 MHz100 MS/s 80 MHz50 MS/s 40 MHz

200/2N** MS/s 160/2N** MHz

*Fs/4 filter has full tuning resolution, but has limited aliasing protection for signals wider than 400 MHz.** N is an integer, which value is any number between 0 and 18.


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AXIe M9703A Digitizer with DDC FeatureValue #3: ScalabilityBuild the highest number of acquisition channels

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We can help you: − Easily scale-up acquisition channels− Reduce the size of your measurement instrumentation− Reduce the power consumption of your system

4U

Up to 40 simultaneous channels in 4U

2U

Up to 16 simultaneous channels in 2U


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M9703A Wideband Digital Receiver/Digitizer for Passive Radar


Recent Resurgence in Passive Radar Interest The principle of passive radar has been known for a long time

- “See without being seen”: use third-party transmitters in the environment such as radio and television stations to detect objects, instead of own transmitter

- Technique known since 1930’s

Recent progress in ADC and real-time signal processing technology allow cheaper radar systems, lead to a resurgence of interest in passive radar technology

- Wideband and high resolution ADC for a fully digital receiver

- Powerful FPGAs for real-time data processing on a variety of broadcast signals

The ability to monitor multiple emitters at the same time independent measurements of bi-static range and significant detection improvement- 2 antennas 2D radar

- 4 antennas 3D radar


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Typical Illuminators

Usually in the VHF, UHF & SHF bands: 30 MHz to 3 GHz

−Analog television signals FM radio signals in VHF

−Mobile phone base stations (GSM, WCDMA, LTE,…)

−Digital audio broadcasting (DAB, DAB+, T-DMB,…)

−Digital video broadcasting (DVB-T,…)

−GPS satellites


Passive Radar Manufacturer Challenges

Reduce overall costs- Reduce system complexity, e.g. by minimizing RF

analog front-end- Use integrated COTS HW components and

focalize on final system integration

Improve radar performance- Better detection accuracy- Increase detection range

Increase system scalability and flexibility- Reference design for different needs- Better channel density- Multiple bi-static range measurements in parallel

Few antennas(up to 4 typ)

Data processing and control

ADC, Digital beam former and data pre-processing

…

…

Scalable # of antennas(4, 8, 16, 24, 32 typ)

Towards a fully digital receiver

An.BF

Sig.Cond.

Sig.Cond.

Sig.Cond.

Sig.Cond.

ADC ADC ADC ADC

Data processing and control

An.BF

An.BF

An.BF


Need to reduce costs− Simplify receiver architecture/get towards a

digital receiver− Faster system integration− Easier scalability− Faster and easier upgradability to new

technology

2. Need to improve performance− Detect reflected signals in the range of 70 to

>100 dB lower than direct signals− Monitor multiple emitters in parallel− Measure independently and with flexibility− Improve phase tracking & synchronization

3. Need more phase-coherent channels− Connection to a higher number of antennas− Limited space and/or power in a mobile or

fix radar station

1. Most flexible digitizer technology− DC to 1 GHz BW: Capture the full spectrum

with a single digitizer component− 4x FPGAs: Powerful real-time data

processing− AXIe platform: Common modular digitizer

architecture− 8 to 40 coherent channels in 4U height

2. Optimized performance measurements− Flexible real-time down conversion for best

dynamic range− Scalable 8 to 40 parallel receivers− Incorporate reference channels for real-time

alignment

3. Most compact test systems− 8 channels in a 1-slot card− Up to 40 channels in just 4U rack space− 161 W consumption for 8 channels

Solving Challenges for Passive Radar


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Keysight M9703A Wideband Digital Receiver/ DigitizerDirect Digitization of signals with optimized dynamic range on up to 40 phase-coherent channels!

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Key Features− 8 channels @ 1.6 GS/s (4 ch @ 3.2 GS/s

when interleaved)− Up to 40 phase-coherent channels in a 4U

chassis− DC to 2 GHz input frequency range− 1 kHz to 300 MHz analysis bandwidth with

Real-time digital down conversion (DDC) for best sensitivity

− 12 bit resolution− > 800 MB/s data transfer− Keysight 89600 VSA Software support

Key Features− 8 channels @ 1.6 GS/s (4 ch @ 3.2 GS/s

when interleaved)− Up to 40 phase-coherent channels in a 4U

chassis− DC to 2 GHz input frequency range− 1 kHz to 300 MHz analysis bandwidth with

Real-time digital down conversion (DDC) for best sensitivity

− 12 bit resolution− > 800 MB/s data transfer− Keysight 89600 VSA Software support








M9703A DDC for 8 to 40 Coherent Channels

− Reduce and tune the analysis bandwidth to match the signal of interest- Reduced noise (including quantization noise) and interference Optimized sensitivity- Allows lower sample rate without aliasing Excellent measurement accuracy

− Set the sample rate to match the signal being analyzed- More efficient use of memory Longer duration captures- Less data to transfer for the same duration Faster data transfer and measurement

Set complex signal (IQ) magnitude trigger level- Magnitude at specified LO and bandwidth Trigger on the signal of interest - Hysteresis level control to avoid triggering on noise No erroneous acquisition

x8 to x40

Full Sample Rate(1.6 GSa/sec)

FrequencyShift

DecimationFilter


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Noise Power Spectral Density Reaches Close to 16-bit PerformanceNSD with no signal at input, 10 MHz span @ 850 MHz


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EVM performance / dynamic rangeGSM signal @ 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz


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EVM performance / dynamic rangeDVB-T signal @ 850 MHz with 10 MHz band


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Dynamic range / noise level900 MHz CW signal and 30 MHz span


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Dynamic range / noise level1.8 GHz CW signal and 80 MHz span


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Observed M9703A SFDR (1VFSR) – 400 MHz

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Bandwidth SFDR625 MHz -83.11 dBc400 MHz -86.67 dBc100 MHz -92.23 dBc


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Dynamic range / noise levelNo Filters on Input Signal

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Conditions SFDR Noise floor900 MHz CW signal (-10dBm) and 30 MHz span -92 dBc -105 dBc900 MHz CW signal (-10 dBm) and 80 MHz span -90 dBc -100 dBc1.8 GHz CW signal (-10 dBm, undersampled at 1.6GHz) and 80 MHz span -82 dBc -97 dBc

850 MHz CW signal (-10 dBm) and 10 MHz span -92 dBc -110 dBc


M9703A High-Speed, High-Resolution Multichannel Digitizer

High Speed Digitizer for Capture/Playback and Radar Emulation

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Capture / Playback Solution

World Class Digitizer Features:

− 12 bit Resolution

− 8 channels up to 1.6 GS/s -4 channels up to 3.2 GS/s

− Real-time flexible DDC on up to 40 phase-coherent channels

− DC to 2 GHz input frequency range

− SFDR: -83 dBc nominal (625 MHz BW @ fin = 400 MHz)

− Up to 1 GS/ch memory

− Segmented memory mode

− > 800 MB/s data transfer speed

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Precision AWG with DAC resolution of:− 14 bit up to 8 GS/s

− 12 bit up to 12 GS/s

− Up to 2 GSamples Arbitrary Waveform Memory per channel

− Up to 5 GHz analog bandwidth per channel

− 3 selectable output paths: direct DAC, DC and AC

− SFDR: -80 dBc typ. (fout = 100 MHz, Fs = 7.2 GHz, 14-bit mode)

− Harmonic distortion: -72 dBc typ. (fout = 100 MHz, Fs = 7.2 GHz)

− Advanced sequencing scenarios define stepping, looping, and conditional jumps of waveforms or waveform sequences

− 2 markers per channel (does not reduce DAC resolution)

M9703A Wideband digital receiver/digitizer

M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator


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Multi-Channel Capture/Playback

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Down-Converter

CaptureLive Signals

M9703AMulti-Channel

Digitizer

Add Radar EmittersAdd Comms Emitters

Add Other Emitters

M8190AMulti-

ChannelAWG(s)

Upconverter/Vector Sig. Gen.

Down-Converter

Upconverter/Vector Sig. Gen.

Add Emitters

PlaybackMulti-EmitterTest Signals


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Capture Two X-Band Signals with PXAs and M9703A Multi-Channel Digitizer

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X-Band Input into Both PXAs

CH1 Recording: LFM chirped radar at 10.1 GHz CH2 Recording: Barker radar at 9.8 GHz


M9703A High-Speed, High-Resolution Multichannel Digitizer

High Speed Digitizer for large-scale advanced physics experiments

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Solving Challenges For Large-Scale PhysicsNeed to easily build large number of synchronous channels providing faster measurements with the best fidelity

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1. Need to improve measurement fidelity− Need more dynamic range− Need to detect lower level signals

2. Need high speed channels− Need to see both edge and shape very

and short signals− Need to transfer data as fast as possible

3. Need high number of synchronous channels− Large number of channels in a limited

space and power− Need high-number of synchronous

channels

1. Measure with the best fidelity at this speed− 60 dBc SFDR typically @ 410 MHz− 58 dB SNR typically @ 410 MHz− 8.8 Effective bits typically @ 410 MHz

2. Highest speed DC-coupled 12 –bit digitizer− Get up to 3.2 GS/s sampling rate− 650 MB/s sustained data transfer through

backplane PCIe link

3. Most compact test systems− 8 channels in a 1-slot card− 161 W consumption for 8 channels− Build 80 channels in just 8U rack space− Multi-board synchronization


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AXIe M9703A Digitizer Measure Fast Signals with the Best Accuracy


We can help you: − Measure fast signals with the better accuracy− Detect lower level signals

Instrument ENOB (typ) @ 410 MHz SNR (typ) @ 410 MHz

M9703A 8.9 (9.1 with FRF option) 56 dB (58 with FRF option)

Vendor X product A < 6.4 < 41.3 dB

Vendor X product B Not enough bandwidth Not enough bandwidth

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AXIe M9703A Digitizer Measure the Fastest Signals with a DC-coupled 12-bit Accuracy

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We can help you: − Measure very fast signals with the best accuracy− Accelerate the data upload time

Instrument Maximum sampling rate Analog bandwidth

M9703A 3.2 GS/s DC to 1 GHz

Vendor X product A 1 GS/s DC to 250 MHz

Vendor Y 200 MS/a DC to 150 MHz

12-bit resolution DC-coupled digitizers speed


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AXIe M9703A DigitizerBuild the Most Compact Acquisition Systems

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We can help you: − Reduce the size of your measurement instrumentation− Lower the power consumption of your measurement system− Increase the number of acquisition channels of your system

8U12U

Max number of channels in 10U rack-mount spaceMax number of channels in 9U rack-mount space

Up to 80 channels (12bit)Up to 64 channels (8bit)Up to 32 channels (12bit)

Up to 80 channels (10bit)

Up to 96 channels (12bit)Up to 64 channels (8bit)Up to 32 channels (12bit)Up to 80 channels (10bit)

How to build an > 80-channel acquisition system @ > 1 GS/s

9U


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Product FeaturesProduct Features

12-bit resolution

Up to 3.2 GS/s

8 channels in a single-slot AXIe module

PCIe x4 Gen2 back-plane connectivity

Your Benefits Your Benefits

High dynamic range for the best measurement fidelity

Measure the fastest signals

Highest channel density to easily build high number of synchronous acquisition channels

Highest measurement throughput

HydrodynamicsX-Ray imagingµW/RF Astronomy

Inertial confinement

(Fusion)Particle Physics Tokamak

(Fusion)Target

Applications

SummaryFeatures, Benefits and Applications


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