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    ABB

    AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

    AVR100S

    OPERATION, USE AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

    ES950609

    Issue/Revision Issued by: Viewed/checked by:

    Issued on 07/29/95 A. Pitacco G. Singuaroli

    ABB Industria SpA

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    Table of Contents

    1. General Features of the AVR100S System

    2. Composition of the Equipment

    3. Power Unit 3.1 Chopper Stage3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance3.3 Short Circuit Holding3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit

    4. Regulation 4.1 Regulation Configuration4.2 Description of the Automatic Regulators Functions4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer

    4.2.3 Manual Regulator4.2.4 Static Reference4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit4.2.8 Automatic/Manual Tracking Device and vice versa4.3 Optional Functions4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains4.3.6 Volt/Hertz Limit4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer4.3.8 Start at Constant Current4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device4.3.11 Stator Current Limit4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel4.3.13 Computer Static Reference Control4.3.14 Computer cos Reference Control4.3.15 Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and Excitation Current4.3.16 Second Step for Excitation Current Limit

    5. Logics and Protections 5.1 Description of the Protections5.1.1 Maximum Internal Current Protection5.1.2 Regulators Maximum Ceiling Time Protection5.1.3 Chopper Failure Protection5.1.4 Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening5.1.5 Maximum External Current Protection5.1.6 Rotors Earth Protection

    6. Measures and Signals

    7. Structure 7.1 Configuration of the Regulator

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    8. Electrical Features 8.1 Chopper Stage

    9. Spare Parts 9.1 Spare Parts for Loose Rack9.2 Spare Parts for Board Supplies

    10. Block Diagrams

    11. Drawings of the Overall Dimensions11.1 Overall Drawing of the 19 Rack11.2 Overall Drawing of the Standard Board

    12. General Installation Procedure 12.1 Safety12.2 Preliminary Controls12.3 Initial Test with the Machine turned off

    12.4 Inspections and Tests with no Load12.5 Inspections and Tests in Parallel

    13. Description of Signals and Alarms 13.1 Button Signals13.2 Panel Signals13.3 Signals available on Input Interface13.4 Signals available on Output Interface

    14. Regulation Rack 14.1 Regulators Configuration14.2 Power Supplies Configuration14.3 Choppers Configuration14.4 Regulators Cards14.4.1 VCRR Card14.4.2 VCR Card14.4.3 RCOS Card14.4.4 PLT Card14.4.5 PLT* Card14.4.6 RCI Card14.5 Card Setting Procedure14.5.1 VCRR Card14.5.2 VCR Card14.5.3 RCOS Card14.5.4 PLT Card14.5.5 PLT* Card14.5.6 RCI Card

    15. Back Panel 15.1 Presettings on the Back Panel15.2 Back Panel Settings15.3 Terminal-Board Potentiometers

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    1. General Features of the AVR100S System

    The main function of the regulator consists in energizing with continuousvoltage the field winding of coaxial exciting dynamos or those of Brushlessgenerators for synchronous machines. The electrical output must be

    guaranteed in different operation modes: loadless, with load and also duringtransient mains voltage states (e.g. short circuits).The AVR100S system can be functionally divided into three basic units:POWER SUPPLY, POWER, REGULATION. Auxiliary logic, protection,measurement and signaling functions are also necessary.The POWER SUPPLY is necessary for the correct operation of the internallogic.The POWER unit is considered to be the actuator for the transfer of energy tothe exciters field.The REGULATION function is necessary in order to control the correct energyoutput to the exciter operating under working conditions. Such control iscarried out through a series of main functions that can be briefly summed upas follows:- Regulating the voltage to the machines terminals and, when supplyingvoltage in a net, regulating the reactive power rate.- Guaranteeing the maintenance of optimum conditions (stability) ofenergy supply in the net.- Bringing the machine as fast as possible back to the operatingconditions prior to the occurrence of disturbances.- Keeping the alternator within the foreseen operating field (capability).- Guaranteeing the integrity of both the machine and the exciting systemunder extreme conditions (shutdown or stop).

    In order to suit the different system needs, the AVR100S regulator is availablein the following versions:

    AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in the testing phase.Both a double power supply and a double chopper can beimplemented in order to make the system completelyredundant.

    AVR100S-B : Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to beused in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automaticregulator) with tracking circuit. Both a double power supplyand a double chopper can be implemented in order to make thesystem completely redundant.

    AVR100S-C :Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator totallyindependent (both in terms of power supply and of chopper) withtracking circuit.

    The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can beconfigured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% cold

    reserve). It is possible to have a chopper redundancywithout regulation channel switchover.

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    AVR100S-D : Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator andtracking circuit.

    A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used inthe testing phase only.

    The power unit is usually made up of a single chopper for eachchannel. The channel switchover also entails the chopperswitchover.

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    2. Composition of the Equipment

    The AVR100S regulator is composed of a 19 rack where Europe formatcards, DC/DC converters (for energy supply) and the power actuators areinserted.

    The cards are equipped with a front part indicating testing points, settingelements and diagnosis LEDs.The cards are inserted on a back panel by means of a connector.External connections are achieved through a terminal board located in theback part of the back panel.The AVR100S regulator can be supplied also in the form of a board, thereforeequipped with exciting transformer, control and signal logics obtained bymeans of suitable relays and measuring devices.

    Overall dimensions of the 19rack:........................................................................... 84 [TE]Overall dimensions of the standardboard:............................................834x834x2200 [mm]

    3. Power Unit

    The power unit is composed of:- IGBT (inside the rack) chopper stage

    The power unit can be made redundant through a suitable connection logic soas to guarantee the operation continuity also in case a chopper fails. In such acase an automatic switchover of the power unit takes place and this unit isisolated thanks to a suitable contactor. The power unit is made up of twochoppers even when a complete separation of the channel is required.

    3.1 Chopper Stage

    The input voltage at the final actuation stage comes from a diode bridge thatturns the alternate voltage of the supply source into a continuous non-stabilized voltage. The chopper stage shuts this continuous voltage so as tosupply the field with the suitable mean value of exciting voltage. The controlsignal 010 [V] DC from the regulation unit is directly sent to the chopper stage.

    The latter is made up of an I GBT switch with suitable regulation and control - indouble Europe format - enclosed in a suitable metal protection and supportbox. The chopper is inserted in the same 19 rack as the regulation. Amaximum of 2 choppers can be mounted in the same rack.

    3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance

    Due to operation factors or shutdown causes, for the operation of asynchronous machine it is necessary to guarantee the rapid interruption offield supply as well as the discharge of the accumulated magnetic energy. Inthe chopper stage solution an electromechanical contactor is connected

    which, while opening the supply circuit, at the same time inserts a dischargeresistance parallel to the winding. It is also possible to install a device for the

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    application of the negative ceiling function so as to accelerate the drop-outphase of the machine both in case of emergency and upon load disconnectionand/or sudden decrease in the excitation current.

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    3.3 Short Circuit Holding

    When the excitation system is derived from a transformer that is energized bythe machine standard, the generator cannot energize any type of short circuitas its output voltage decreases and therefore the excitation system cannot

    maintain suitable field current features. It is often necessary to hold the failurefor a relatively long time so as to allow for a selective operation of theprotection devices. At present the available protection devices (maximumcurrent with voltage control) ensure a suitable protection of the generatortogether with a high selectivity of the system protections. In the case of shortcircuits downstream the boosting transformer, the overcurrent protectionintervenes in the time range of 0,20,3 [s]. In these cases it is useless toimplement an auxiliary source as the residual voltage of the generator after0,20,3 [s] is still enough to suitably keep the chopper stage energized. Incase of failure downstream the boosting transformer with other interposedreactors (e.g. transformers energizing different loads), a longer time may beneeded as the voltage drop is even smaller. Therefore, the short circuitholding is generally ensured for the operating time of the normal protectiondevices thanks to the rapid response of the exciter. Where a longer shortcircuit holding is required, it is necessary to implement an auxiliary source. Inthe configurations where the energization is derived from the machinestandard, a back-up battery or another auxiliary source can be used toguarantee - within the voltage limits of the battery itself - enough excitationvoltage or field current to allow the generator to maintain such operatingconditions as to guarantee the operation of the protection devices. In theconfiguration with energization from the machine standard the machinevoltage might decrease to a value that is no longer sufficient to guarantee asuitable supply voltage to the chopper in the failure phase.

    3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit

    In order to allow for the system self-excitation - when the system is energizedby the machine standard - it is necessary to have - for a short time (310 [s]) -an auxiliary excitation source available (usually the central battery or a three-phase or single-phase supply system through matching transformer and dioderectifying bridge). An electronic logic provides for the machine excitationthrough the connection of the pre-excitation circuit and for the automatic

    switch-off when the alternator voltage reaches a value of approximately 70%VMN. If within a given period of time the system does not get self-excited, theexcitation shut-down command is sent. The value of the current and of thetime that are necessary for pre-excitation are established according to thefeatures of the machine and are communicated in order to allow for a correctcable and battery sizing.

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    4. Regulation

    The regulations aim consists in maintaining the generators voltage within thevalues required by the operating conditions of the machine.Changes in the excitation current are obtained by intervening on the output

    continuous voltage or by acting on the duty cycle of the final chopper stage.The feedback signals that allow the regulation to work are gathered by meansof two V-connected Tvs (Vg/100-120 [V] - min. 20 [VA] and of two machineTAs (Ig/5-1 [A] - min. 10 [VA]) (R and T phases).Suitable field signal de-coupling transformers are already implemented in thesame regulation rack.

    4.1 Regulation Configuration

    The AVR100S regulator is equipped with automatic voltage regulation which -when the operating conditions vary - keeps the machine voltage value equalto the pre-set value. The AVR100S regulator is available in four differentregulation configurations classified as follows:

    AVR100S-A : Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator,potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in

    the testing phase.The main elements of the regulation rings are:

    - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer* Static voltage reference* Voltage transducer and compound* Overexcitation limit* Underexcitation limit* P and Q conversion* Maximum current protection* Excitation current conversion

    - manual regulator: * reference signal through a multiple revolution potentiometer that can bemanually

    controlled on the front board.* Current regulator* Maximum current regulator

    The control signal to the chopper of the two channels gathers in a singleroute.

    AVR100S-B : Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to beused in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automaticregulator).The main elements of the regulation rings are:

    - automatic regulator:

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    * Voltage regulator and stabilizer* Static voltage reference* Voltage transducer and compound* Overexcitation limit* Underexcitation limit

    * P and Q conversion* Maximum current protection* Excitation current conversion

    - manual regulator: * Static current reference* Current regulator* Maximum current protection

    In the case of the single-chopper configuration, the control signal to thechopper is sent on a single route. The signal can be sent through twoseparate choppers if the power unit is to be made redundant. A suitabletracking circuit between the two regulators guarantees the switchoverbetween the two without any disturbance to the system.

    AVR100S-C : Totally independent automatic voltage regulator and manualcurrent regulator (both in terms of current supply and ofchopper) with tracking circuit.

    The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can beconfigured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% coldreserve). Also the power supply systems are independent: one foreach channel is foreseen in order to allow to service the systemwhile operating. It is also possible to have a totallyindependent excitation current conversion system: a

    transducer for each channel.The main elements of the regulation rings are:

    - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer* Static voltage reference* Voltage transducer and compound* Overexcitation limit

    * Underexcitation limit* P and Q conversion* Maximum current protection* Excitation current conversion

    - manual regulator: * Static current reference* Current regulator* Maximum current protection

    A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the

    switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.

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    AVR100S-D : Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator (masterand server).

    A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used inthe testing phase only.

    The power unit of the single channel is usually made up of a

    single chopper.The main elements of each automatic regulation ring are:

    - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer* Static voltage reference* Voltage transducer and compound* Overexcitation limit* Underexcitation limit* Maximum current protection* Excitation current conversion

    A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees theswitchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.

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    4.2 Description of the Automatic Regulators Functions

    4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel

    It is made up of a switching power supply with 110 [V] DC or 220 [V] DC inputand +/- 24 [V] DC output for the energization of the automatic channel cardspresent in the rack and of the management and alarm cards. This powersupply is also used for the manual channel if no separate and independentpower supply systems are required (serviceability during operation).

    4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer

    The conversions are carried out by means of Tvs and Tas.The transformers for machine and mains voltages 100-120/20 [V] aremounted directly on the back panel. The secondary of the machine currentsgets to the terminal board of the back panel (TAs from 5A or 1 A of primarycurrent can be used). For the excitation current a HALL-effect transducer(outside the rack) is used. It is connected to the regulator by means of flatcables. The voltage regulator receives the machine TV signals and amplifiesthe differences between the reference voltage and the mean of the three-phase voltage to the generators terminals. Therefore, the output signal is anerror signal proportional to the deviation between the required condition andthe real operating conditions. On top of this, the regulator receives at its inputa stabilization signal which is used to adjust the delays introduced by themachine time constants and by the regulation constants. The stabilizationcircuit allows to obtain a transfer function - set as an open ring - such as toguarantee - when the ring is closed - the stability of the system made up ofthe voltage regulator, the machine and the mains. The regulators timeconstants can be adjusted to those of the machine and of the mains so as tooptimize the system performance. In the same card the different signalscoming from the voltage regulator and from any limiting or optional (signalmixer) circuits are combined. The mixer is equipped with an adding circuitwhich adds the input signals and gives an output signal equaling the negativesum of the input values.

    4.2.3 Manual Regulator

    The peculiarity of this configuration consists in the regulation of current andnot of voltage.The value of the excitation current is set, which the regulator shall keepconstant. This choice has been determined for the sake of simplicity andreliability in the circuit. The operating range goes from 0 to 100% of thenominal excitation current. In manual mode, the automatic regulator can bealigned with the aid of the increase and decrease buttons on the staticreference, so as to avoid causing disturbances during the regulation channelswitchover request phase.A synchronizing voltmeter on the outer panel of the exciter allows the operatorto display the alignment status of the two circuits. In the AVR100S-B and

    AVR100S-C solutions this circuit is foreseen as a reserve for the automaticregulator and allows to avoid out of commission statuses of the generator in

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    case of failure of the regulator itself. A suitable tracking circuit between thetwo generators guarantees the switchover to manual mode without anydisturbance to the system.

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    4.2.4 Static Reference

    The voltage static reference sends the voltage reference signal set throughthe increase-decrease command to the regulator. The regulation rangevaries from 80 to 110% of the machine nominal voltage. When used as

    reference for the manual regulation ring, the regulation range varies from 0 to100% of the nominal excitation current.

    4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound

    The purpose of this card consists in giving a signal proportional to themachine voltage that can be compared with the voltage set of the staticreference. An adjustment action is also foreseen so as to modify the voltagesignals of the generator by a value proportional to the machine reactivepower. The adjustment range varies from 0 to 23% when operating as agenerator and from 0 to -46% while operating as a motor.

    4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit

    This device is used to limit the intensity and duration of rotor currentoverloads. The limit - by means of a suitable adjustment that allows to obtainan operation curve that follows the curve of limit performance underoverexcitation (capability) - allows to avoid dangerous operations that mightcause the intervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted tothe capability curves through the adjustment of P and Q. The basicparameters are:- maximum value of reactive power- starting point of the sloping straight line- slope of the straight lineThe overexcitation limit can also be determined by controlling the excitationcurrent. It is also possible to have both controls, a confirmation one and one inorder to reach the maximum system reliability through the redundancy of theoverexcitation limits. A possible external control for the insertion of thesecond-level limit allows to further reduce the excitation current limit of themachine to a pre-set level.

    4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit

    The aim of this limit consists in keeping the excitation current - while operatingin under-excitation mode - above the minimum values established by thecapability curves. If the current goes below such limits, a dangerousoverheating of the stator heads might occur due to the thickening of thedispersed fluxes, as well as the loss of synchronism.The limit - by means of a suitable setting that allows to obtain an operationcurve that approximately follows the curve of limit performance underunderexcitation - allows to avoid dangerous operations that might cause theintervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted to thecapability curves through the adjustment of the following:

    - minimum value of reactive power- starting point of the sloping straight line

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    - slope of the straight line.

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    4.2.8 Tracking Device and vice versa (only for AVR100S-B, AVR100S-Cand AVR100S-D configurations)

    The aim of the tracking consists in guaranteeing a switchover from automaticto manual regulation that does not cause any disturbance. The switchoverfrom one type of regulation to the other is inhibited if the reference conditionsand the position of the switch-on impulses are not identical. The oppositeswitchover from the manual to the automatic regulator occurs only upon theoperators request who shall create the alignment conditions of the twocircuits through the increase and decrease buttons of the automaticreference. A synchronizing voltmeter on the external panel of the exciterallows the operator to view the alignment status of the two circuits. In theAVR100S-D version an equivalent circuit guarantees the alignment betweenthe two automatic regulators so as to allow for a switchover that does notcause any disturbance.

    4.3 Optional Functions

    The following optional functions may be implemented:

    - Cos regulator- Reactive power Q regulation- Machine voltage / mains voltage equalizing- Machine voltage (transformer output) / mains voltage equalizing- Static reference / mains voltage with remote choice equalizing- Equalizing with impulse or fixed command

    - Reactive power reset- Gradual energization of the generator- V/Hz limit and protection- Electromechanical oscillation stabilizer (PSS)- Start at constant current (2 levels)- Pre-excitation circuit- Negative ceiling device (outside the rack)- Stator current limit- DC/DC power supply to the manual channel- Computer control of the voltage static reference (4 20 mA)- Computer control of the cos reference (4 20 mA)

    - Overexcitation limit in P and Q and excitation current- Second step for the current limit with remote control.

    4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation

    Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with aconstant power factor (cos = cost.) when both the mains voltage and theactive supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronousmotor) vary. Such device acts on the increase and decrease commands ofthe voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator soas to keep the value of cos = constant. Such value can be set externally bymeans of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on the cos reference by means of buttons or external remote controls. It is also possible

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    to set the reference through a computer signal (e.g. 4 20 mA) and toestablish the operation range by means of a suitable setting (for examplebetween 0.9 capacitive and 0.8 inductive). A signal in mA is available formeasuring the set value of cos and Q. This instrument allows to display thevalue at which the regulator shall work before activating the function itself.

    4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power

    Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with aconstant reactive power (Q = cost.) when both the mains voltage and theactive supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronousmotor) vary. Such device acts on the increase and decrease commands ofthe voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator soas to keep the value of Q = constant. Such value can be set externally bymeans of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on this regulation bymeans of external controls or computer signals as in the case of the cos regulation. A signal in mA is available for measuring the set Q value. Thisinstrument allows to display the value at which the regulator shall work beforeactivating the function itself.

    4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing

    This device facilitates the paralleling of the assembly. The circuit acts on thestatic reference of the automatic regulator so as to equalize the generatorsterminal voltage and the mains voltage. Once the equalizing has beencompleted, it gives an acknowledgment contact for the assemblys paralleling.

    The insertion of the quantities to be equalized can be controlled both locallyand remotely: machine voltage with mains voltage or static reference withmains voltage. It is also possible to chose and control (locally or remotely) theequalizing of machine voltage and mains voltage or mains voltage andmachine voltage downstream the boosting transformer. Therefore it ispossible to equalize the mains voltage with two different points (for instance ifa machine transformer with variable outlets is interposed)

    4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting

    This function is aimed at reducing the reactive power to zero in the phase of

    normal shutdown of the assembly so as to avoid useless stresses to themachine switch. It is usually automatically activated and controlled by theshutdown sequence of the assembly. It can only be activated in the automaticoperation mode and when the 52G parallel switch is closed. This function isautomatically disabled when the system is switched to the manual mode orwhen the parallel switch is opened.

    4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains

    If the excitation system is energized by auxiliary services, due to the fact thatthe exciter is independent from the generators voltage, it is possible togradually bring the generators terminal voltage from zero to the desired valuethus avoiding a sudden excitation of the machine. To this purpose a ramp-like

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    increase is foreseen which can be automatically pre-set and activated andallows for a gradual increase of the generators terminal voltage withautomatic inhibition when the established minimum value is reached. In caseof a total blackout of the mains, this type of operation mode allows togradually energize the mains with no dangerous transients.

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    4.3.6 Volt/Herz Limit

    Under special operation conditions the machine can be made to work with afrequency below the allowed range. In these cases the voltage regulationmust be subordinated to the Volt/Herz regulation so as to avoid the creation of

    a flux of such dimensions that it might cause the magnetic circuit to besaturated and the stator pack to get overheated.

    4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer

    The stabilization system is included in the automatic voltage regulation ring soas to improve the stability of the electromechanical ring of the synchronousmachine. The stabilizing signal issued by the device is proportional to thechanges in active power and frequency that are introduced by disturbanceson the mains-generator system and is such as to oppose them. In order toavoid problems in the load disconnection conditions, the device isautomatically switched off by a trigger circuit - with adjustable threshold -when the value of active power supplied by the machine is lower than the pre-set value.

    4.3.8 Start at Constant Current

    Two levels of remote connection current are available to control the start ofthe machine at constant current (for instance back to back start).

    4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit (priming)

    This circuit is used to control the correct pre-excitation sequence and to signalany anomalies such as the absence of current or the exceeding of themaximum start time. The circuit connects and opens its own contactor.

    4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device (outside the rack)

    It can be connected in order to improve the response features of the regulatorwhen load disconnections or sudden load variations occur. In this case themachine drop-out is accelerated through the temporary connection of adischarge resistance in series with the field which is normally short-circuited

    during the normal operation.

    4.3.11 Stator Current Limit

    It is composed of a card inserted in the regulation rack. The generatorscurrents are converted by the related card to determine the P and Q valueand are rectified so as to get a continuous signal proportional to them. Thissignal is compared with a setting value. When such value is exceeded acompensation error signal is sent to the regulator.

    4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel

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    It is composed of a switching power supply system with 110 [V] DC or 220[V]DC input and +/- 24 [V] DC output for the energization of the manualchannels card located in the rack. This power supply unit can thus be usedwhen independence and separation of the power supply units are required(serviceability during operation).

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    4.3.13 Computer Static Reference Control

    The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mAcomputer signal in order to vary the working set point. A tracking device insidethe regulator allows to maintain alignment between the computer external

    signal and the internal set point. This way no changes in the switchover fromremote to local control (internal reference) occur. Also in case of failure of the4-20 mA control, the regulator automatically sets to the current value that isactive at the time when the failure occurs so as to intervene with nodisturbances. The 4-20 mA range can be set in the required range, forinstance from 70% to 120% Vm. The limitation is anyway guaranteed uponreaching the pre-set maximum and minimum values over or below which nooperation is allowed.

    4.3.14 Computer cos Reference Control

    The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mAcomputer signal in order to vary the working set point of the reactive powerregulator. A tracking device inside the regulator allows to maintain alignmentbetween the computer external signal and the internal set point. This way nochanges in the switchover from remote to local control (internal reference)occur. Also in case of failure of the 4-20 mA control, the regulatorautomatically sets to the current value that is active at the time when thefailure occurs so as to intervene with no disturbances. The 4-20 mA range canbe set in the required range, for instance from 0.9 capacitive to 0.85 inductive.The limitation is anyway guaranteed upon reaching the pre-set maximum andminimum values over or below which no operation is allowed (+/- 0.7).

    4.3.15 Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and in Excitation Current

    Normally, the regulator is set to operate so that the machine works inside thecapability curves. This control is carried out through the processing of the Pand Q values supplied by the machine. The overexcitation limit is executed bychecking that such values do not exceed the allowed values. A further limitcan be inserted that works by checking the excitation current value. When thefirst of the two values (P/Q or excitation current) is exceeded, the machineoperates in limitation mode. This allows to have a further redundancy in the

    limit protection in overexcitation.

    4.3.16 Second Step for Current Limit

    A remote command allows to vary the intervention point in the limitation modeoperation of the machine (in the case of limitation through the excitationcurrent control). Such variation can occur, for instance, upon a request due tothe fact that the external temperature maximum point has been reached orthrough another control.

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    5. Logics and Protections

    The logics build up the part of the regulation that controls the regulatorsoperations on the basis of the signals coming from the regulation itself andfrom a series of external commands and protections. A series of internal

    control circuits allow the logic to carry out a complete diagnostic check-up ofthe operation status of all devices according to a consistent sequence. Itsfunction has a priority over all the other functions inside the regulation.Connected to it are the input-output interfaces of the exciter and - if foreseen -the external signal and alarm panel.

    A series of protections (listed below) is also foreseen:

    a) Maximum internal current protectionb) Regulators maximum ceiling time protectionc) Chopper and power supply failure protectiond) Short circuit protection and rotating diode opening (optional)e) Maximum external current protection (optional)f) Rotors earth protection (optional).

    5.1 Description of the Protections

    5.1.1 Maximum Internal Current Protection

    This protection ensures that the maximum value allowed by the rotor is notexceeded in case of failure - in the regulation - of the overexcitation limit. Itsactivation causes the shutdown of the excitation system.

    5.1.2 Regulators Maximum Ceiling Time Protection

    A circuit for the supervision of the control signal to the chopper is foreseen.The amplitude of this signal ranges from 0 to 10 Vdc. The maximum signalvalue is reached at particular plant and load conditions: sudden loads, shortcircuits. If the signal remains at its maximum value for an excessively longtime - such as to threaten the system integrity - the excitation shut-down orthe channel switchover command (depending on the configuration) is sent.

    5.1.3 Chopper Failure Protection

    The following values are controlled:- voltage value on the input side in the requested range- absence of short circuits on the output side- presence of control electronic voltage supply- overtemperatureIf anomalies in one of these values are detected an automatic switchover tothe back-up chopper occurs or - if no back-up is foreseen - the system is shutdown.

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    5.1.4 Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening (optional)

    This protection is external to the rack that controls the excitation currentprofile. In case of opening of the rotating diodes a system alarm is sent whilein case of short circuit the system is immediately shut down.

    5.1.5 Maximum External Current Protection (optional)

    This is an immediate protection, inserted on the primary of the excitationtransformer, that intervenes in case of failure (short circuit) in the transformeror in the power circuits of the exciter (interconnection cables, bars). Whenactivated, the excitation system and the assembly are shut down.

    5.1.6 Rotors Earth Protection (optional)

    If installed in the excitation system, it allows to eliminate the problems andrisks posed by the need to send excitation voltage to the protection boxusually located in the control room. Its purpose consists in signaling the lossof isolation in the rotors circuit. Only in rare cases is also a shutdown effectrequired.

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    6. Measures and Signals

    All the values that are necessary for the control of the correct operation of theexcitation system are sent to the related instruments (mounted on the localpanel) and to the remote station (control room) by means of suitable

    transducers that allow for a galvanic separation from the power circuits.

    The signals are sent in the standard ranges indicated below:

    Values Signal Equal to Max. loadimpedance

    Excitation current 4 20 mA 0 1.25 len 750

    Excitation voltage 4 20 mA 0 1.5 Ven 750

    Synchronizing voltmeter 4 20 mA -100 / 0 / +100% 750 Power-factor meter 4 20 mA -0.7 / +0.7 750

    Control voltage 4 20 mA 0 / +110% 750

    Other signal values (0 5 [mA]; 1 5 [mA]; 0 20 [mA]) can be supplied uponthe Customers request.

    The instrument for the indication of the machine voltage (V M) is also foreseenon the local panel.

    The excitation system is equipped with devices for the control of the correctfunction of the equipment. Such devices are also arranged for signaling anyanomalies.The standard model has a summary signaling system of the anomaly andexcitation system shutdown status equipped with a terminal switch cleancontact. The failure search is facilitated by the numerous check points andLEDs present on the single logic and regulation cards. If so specificallyrequested by the Customer, a signal panel can be mounted on the front sideof the board so as to display the operation, alarm and shutdown conditions.Each signaling and alarm point is coupled with a terminal switch clean

    contact. The signals and operation statuses foreseen in the highest systemconfiguration are:

    Causes of Shutdown / Anomaly:

    - Maximum excitation current- Failure of the primary AC power supply- Voltage feedback anomaly- Anomaly of the DC power supply systems- Chopper failure- Maximum ceiling time

    - Untimely drop-out- Failed pre-excitation

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    - Short circuit of the rotating diodes (if foreseen)- Opening of the rotating diodes (if foreseen)

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    Operation status signals:

    - 52E closed- Automatic mode on- Manual mode on

    - Excitation activated- 52G closed- Maximum static reference- Minimum static reference- Maximum cos reference (if foreseen)- Minimum cos reference (if foreseen)- Overexcitation limit- Underexcitation limit- Cos /Q regulator activated (if foreseen)- VL = VM equalizing, Q zero setting (if foreseen)- V/Hz limit (if foreseen)- Chopper 1 contactor closed- Chopper 2 contactor closed (if foreseen)- Automatic regulator anomaly- Manual regulator anomaly- Computer commands (if foreseen)

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    7. Structure

    The board is made up of a protected cabin suitable for internal installation inindustrial environment, structured to be accessible from both longer sides.

    Protection degree of the excitation board:

    -Standard.......................................................................................................................IP21- Maximumallowed.........................................................................................................IP54

    The structure of the board includes a bolted metal frame that is strong enoughto easily withstand the mechanical stresses arising during shipment, assemblyand operation.The metal plate enclosing the frame is 2 [mm] thick and specially treated.All the compartments of the board are equipped with access doors withhandle and triangular-shaped lock.The painting cycle and the color of the inner and outer surfaces arenormalized with RAL 7032 color (or according to the Customers request) andachieved through a painting cycle where paints suitable for tropical climatesand aggressive environments are used.The board is earthed through a bus bar (section 75 [mm]) arranged for theconnection with the central earth net.

    7.1 Configuration of the Regulator

    Below is a list of the configurations of cards, power supply systems andchoppers that make up all the solutions summed up in the previousparagraphs.

    CARDS POT. AUT/ AUT./MAN WITH SEPARATE DOUBLEMAN. (A) TRACKING (B) AUT/MAN. (C)

    AUTOMATIC (D)

    VCR YES YES YES YESVCRR* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.PLT YES YES YES YESPLT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.VHL* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.COS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.RCOS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.PSS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.ITI YES YES YES YESITO YES YES YES YESRCI NO YES YES YESALI1 YES YES YES YESALI2 OPT. OPT. YES OPT.

    CHT1 YES YES YES YESCHT2 OPT. OPT. OPT. NOITR1 YES YES YES YES

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    ITR2 NO NO OPT. NOSDR1* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.SDR2* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.TCHT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.

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    Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions.- VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control- RCOS: card for cos regulator with computer or remote control- PSS: stabilizing signal card- COS/VHL: card for cos and V/Hz regulator- SDR1: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for theautomatic channel- SDR2: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for themanual channel- TCHT: negative ceiling card

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    8. Electrical Features

    The data listed below refer to a room temperature of 40 [C] (temperatureoutside the rack and not the board). For other temperatures please refer tothe data in figure 1. The electrical features are also referred to normal values

    of atmospheric pressure (max. 1000 [m] s.l.m.) and relative humidity nothigher than 90%.For higher temperatures a suitable fan drawer is foreseen, located under theregulation rack. The fans are supplied with 24 Vdc current and 15 W powerand therefore can be installed in places with a temperature up to 50C.

    8.1 Chopper Stage

    A single voltage stage is foreseen:

    - 25 300 [V] DC

    Two types of output current are foreseen:A) 20 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [C]with maximum current of 50 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m]B) 30 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [C]with maximum current of 100 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m]For the second case an assisted ventilation inside the chopper module isforeseen.

    Figure 1: Maximum continuous current as a function of T room

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    9. Spare Parts

    9.1 Spare Parts for Loose Regulation Rack

    - 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type)- 1 DC/DC power supply- 1 Chopper power module

    9.2 Spare Parts for Board Supply

    - 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type)- 1 DC/DC power supply- 1 power module (bridge or chopper)- 1 set of relays (1 for each type)- 1 set of auxiliary switches (1 for each type)- 1 field contactor

    10. Block Diagrams (attached)

    Attached hereto are the block diagrams of the main configurations of theregulator AVRS100.

    - AVR100S-A/B general diagram- AVR100S-C general diagram

    - AVR100S-D general diagram- AVR100S-A block diagram of the regulation- AVR100S-B block diagram of the regulation - AVR100S-C block diagram of the regulation - AVR100S-D block diagram of the regulation

    11. Drawings of the Overall Dimensions (attached)

    Below are the drawings of the overall dimensions of the regulators rack andof the standard board matched to it.

    11.1 Overall Drawing of the 19 Rack

    11.2 Overall Drawing of the Standard Board

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    12. General Installation Procedure

    A) Machine not working (with connection to the machine open)

    - Check the connections external to the excitation system and theircorrespondence with the functional diagrams

    - Check the function of relays, auxiliary switches and any settings- Connect with the test power supply source (for excitation systems with

    excitation transformer or power supply deriving from the machinestandard or an auxiliary generator)

    - Check for the correct function of the chopper(s)- Check the operation of the protection circuits through input signal

    simulation.

    B) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G open)

    - Excite the machine only in manual regulation mode- Check the function of the regulation circuits using the actual values of

    Vecc and Iecc- Check the values converted by the machine Tvs- Switch to voltage automatic regulation and check the operation stability

    by sending disturbance signals (step) of an amplitude of 0.5 Vmax toterminal 20 of the regulator cage

    - Check the V/Hz operation (if foreseen) by sending a disturbance signalto terminal 20 of the regulator cage (0-2 Vmax).

    C) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G closed)

    - Check for correct polarities and offset of voltage and machine currentsignals

    - Check the function and adjustment of the foreseen limits with the actualmachine signals. Adjust only if it necessary to change what has beenpre-set in the factory

    - Final check of the machine operation: stability, load disconnections,limits, etc.

    12.1 Safety

    As for all units and electric boards, when a static excitation system is to behandled all the necessary safety measures must be provided for andobserved. Inside the board and on the regulation rack there might bedangerous voltages whose value depends on the system concerned. Theopening of the excitation switch 52E (if present) on the primary or secondaryside of the excitation transformer (if present) does not completely guaranteethe presence or absence of dangerous voltages: battery (110 or 220 Vcc) orauxiliary power supply might be present. These power sources might causesafety problems, therefore one must be very careful when working on theboard. The excitation board is built in such a way that the energized parts are

    protected so as to guarantee at least an IP20 protection rate. The maneuverorgans, the regulation and control components that can be accessed in duty

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    are protected. The parts with dangerous voltage that cannot be accessed induty are protected with barriers. Warning plates are applied on the doors.If the rack is supplied loose, the user must absolutely stick to the safety rules.He shall be responsible for the enforcement of all the necessary warnings,barriers and operation information.

    12.2 Preliminary Controls

    These controls are necessary for the first start of the excitation system. All theconnections between excitation board, machine and control room must bechecked and tested. All the regulation circuits (set-off, P and Q signalconversion, limits) that require signals from the machine TAs and Tvs must becarefully checked, especially as far as the phase sequence and the correcttransformation ratio are concerned. It is necessary to check that all interfacesignals with the rest of the machine exactly correspond to the functionaldiagrams. The regulation system is designed to work within the tolerancesguaranteed by means of the settings made during the general test at thefactory and checked with the aid of simulation systems where the values ofthe machine constants are set. If such values are not communicated duringthe order processing phase or if they are unknown, a further setting phasemight be necessary. Anyway, the user is responsible for the accuracy of themachine values. Except for the systems where the excitation system isderived from safe and always available power supply sources (from exchangeauxiliary services), a pre-excitation system is necessary in order to make thesystem self-supporting.When the regulation system is supplied as a board, the signal connectionsand the earth connections of the system are surely good. If only the regulationrack is supplied, the user must be very careful with the harness and theearthing. It is the users responsibility to make good connections which - if notbuilt correctly - might cause a malfunctioning both during the first start of themachine and in duty.

    12.3 Initial Test of the Excitation circuits with the Test Auxiliary Source(Machine not working)

    a) Test the power transformer (isolation, ratio). Such tests do not need tobe carried out on previously tested and certified machines.

    b) Check the polarities and interconnections between the powertransformer and the excitation board input (check that the connectionscorrespond to the diagram)

    c) If no transformer is provided for, the connections of the DC powersupply to the chopper must be checked.

    d) Energize the electronics and the relay section. To this purpose it isnecessary to close the power supply switches inside the excitersboard. Check that the electronics switch on through a visual control ofthe LEDs of the power supply system located on the left hand side ofthe regulation rack (all the green LEDs must be on). Push the RESETbutton on the front of the board (in the board version this button is

    always present for the reset of the alarms after acknowledgment; if onlythe regulation rack is supplied, an output interface card with non-stored

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    signals is supplied): some alarms and signals may appear when theboard is energized for the first time. After such operation, check thestatus of the display panel. In normal conditions no alarm LED shouldbe on.

    e) Set the selector - if present - on local commands. In order to continue

    the tests in manual mode, a distinctions should be made betweenexciters power supply from machine standard or shaft generator orcoaxial dynamo and power supply source derived from auxiliaryservices. In the first case it is necessary to provide for an auxiliarysource with DC if the chopper section is to be directly controlled or withAC if a power transformed is interposed. If the system is equipped forthe conversion of the power supply onto auxiliary systems, the excitermust be pre-set for this purpose. In both cases, as the system isdesigned to operate with a PRIMER (cicchetto), the command for theinhibition of the primer must also be sent: CICCHETTO OFF active.This way the machine can be gradually excited from zero to the desiredvalue. In the second case, that is when the machine is designed to beenergized from auxiliary services, the above procedure is notnecessary. After these operations have been carried out, send the excitationcommand with LOCAL commands and MANUAL operation mode andcheck the change in the excitation voltage by intervening on thepotentiometer of the manual reference - for AVR100S-A or D - or usethe increase / decrease buttons - for AVR100S-B or C -. In this case,the Decrease light shall turn off after the first Increase command is sent(release of the minimum limit switch). Check the excitation current andvoltage. In this phase no high values of excitation current should bereached so as to avoid heating the machine while not rotating. Highercurrent values may be reached, though for a short period of time. Pushthe STOP button to interrupt the power supply to the load. After suchoperations have been carried out and the remote interface commandshave been checked, the tests should be continued with the machinerotating.

    12.4 Inspections and Tests with no Load

    The above-mentioned test power supply is necessary also for these tests. The

    procedures are similar to those adopted for tests with the machine notworking. Before starting the machine make sure that:- the commands are set to LOCAL- the regulation is set to MANUAL mode- the CICCHETTO OFF command has been sent when this is necessary(power supply from standard or rotating generator). Use a voltmeter to checkthat the test point TP18L RCI card, if present, is on 0V or, if a manualpotentiometer is used, that the manual potentiometer is set to the minimumvalue, test point TP12L on the VCR or VCRR card- make sure that the excitation switch (if present) is open.- The generator must be brought to the nominal speed, the excitation

    activated and the excitation switch (if present) closed; gradually increase themanual reference until the machine nominal voltage is reached. In the

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    meanwhile check the voltage and excitation current values (the valuesshowed on the instruments must correspond to those indicated on the plates).For the reading of the excitation current it is important to notice that if theexcitement current values were known ever since the machine testing, theexcitement current instrument must have been already set except for minor

    variations. For this reason it is necessary to make sure that when the machineis not working the instrument indicates zero. If not, it must be set to zero bymeans of the P0 trimmer located on the front side of the PLT card. In order toset the instrument range it is necessary to provide for a shunt in series withthe load so as to check the instruments values. As the converted output ofthe PLT card is in the 4-20mA range, in order to set it it is necessary to makesure that the test point TP17R of the PLT card is 3VDC at the current nominalvalue (or different values for currents proportionally lower than the nominalcurrent). In order to obtain this it is necessary to intervene on the P6 trimmerlocated on the front side of the PLT card. In order to set the instrument it isnecessary to intervene on the P19 trimmer on the back panel. The currentvalue read on the shunt must correspond to the excitation current valueshowed on the instrument.- With nominal machine voltage and speed, check for the correct sequence ofthe machine TV feedback signals and machine voltage feedback adjustment:TP15L of the VCRR card or TP18R of the VCR card at -10Vdc at the machinenominal value. In order to get this, intervene on the P4 trimmer located on thefront side of the PLT card. The correct phase sequence must be obtained bymeans of an oscilloscope (if available) on: TP14R = -V RG = 6Vac, TP12R = -VTG = 6Vac. The voltage on TP12R must show a delay of 120 compared towhat has been recorded on TP14R.- Check the status of the synchronizing voltmeter: in versions B and C(Automatic / Manual with tracking), the Automatic channel shall track theManual and vice versa; in versions A and D the potentiometric Automatic / Manual alignment must be obtained manually.Once the alignment has been obtained, switch to the automatic mode bypressing the Automatic button in versions B and C or by turning the selector inversions A and D.- Check that in the Automatic operation mode there are no oscillations on theexcitation current and on the machine voltage. Use the Increase / Decreasebuttons to control the behaviour of the regulator.- Push the STOP button to de-energize the machine. Test the power in

    automatic mode. Check the value on test point TP18L of the VCR or VCRRcard. Here the set value can be read, e.g. 8Vdc means that the machine willautomatically go to 80% of the nominal value after the excitation hasoccurred. Use the Increase excitation button to increase the machinevoltage value.- If the exciters normal power supply is derived from auxiliary services, thestarting procedure can be continued with tests in parallel. If the excitation isderived from a standard or an auxiliary generator, the test auxiliary sourcemust be disconnected, the command CICCHETTO OFF must be removedand the START sequence in Automatic mode tested. In the starting phase thecommand for closing the primer contactor will be sent in order to make the

    machine self-start. In this respect, an excitation current control circuit isforeseen: a current flow must be noted. If within 1 second after the START

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    command no excitation current flow is noted, the system is shut down due topre-excitation failure. On the other hand, if the pre-excitation sequence lastsover 5 seconds without reaching a value corresponding to 70% of themachine voltage, the system is shut down due to maximum pre-excitationtime. If the primer sequence is correct, a current flow is noted and the circuit

    disconnects when the pre-set machine voltage threshold is reached.

    12.5 Inspections and Tests in Parallel

    Once the tests of the previous paragraphs have been completed, tests withload must be carried out.- The start can be both in Manual or in Automatic mode. In the first case,when the machine nominal value is reached, the regulation is anyway to beswitched to Automatic.- The commands of the turbine regulator shall operate to obtain the machine-mains alignment. With the machine in parallel, check the excitation currentsupply and check the machine current phases so as to obtain a correctconversion of the P and Q powers supplied by the machine. On the test pointsPT16R and TP15L of the PLT card the P and Q values can be read. For thereactive power Q also the sign can be read: +Q for reactive power supply, - Qfor reactive power absorption. These signs and values are to be checked andmust correspond to those recorded by other instrument in the exchange. Thephase of the currents is also to be checked. For a correct interpretation of thecurrent phases compared to their voltage two separate cases must beconsidered: active power supply only, reactive power supply only. In the firstcase the shape of the wave recorded on test point TP18L of the PLT card, I RG ,must be in phase with the shape of the wave recorded on TP14R, while theshape of the wave on TP17L, I TG, must be in phase with the recordings onTP12R. In the second case (Q supply, therefore Q positive), the shape of thewave on TP18L must show a 90 delay compared to TP14R and the shape ofthe wave on TP17L must show a 90 delay compared to TP12R.

    13. Description of Signals and Alarms

    The information on operation or alarm statuses can be viewed by means ofdisplay panels and alarms or by means of pilot lights located on the controlbuttons or through the position of selectors. Below is a list of the standard

    displays and their meaning.

    13.1 Button Signals

    1. Automatic regulator on . When the Automatic button is on, this means thatthe automatic regulator is active. The Manual button (versions B and C)allows to switch over to the manual channel. In version A an AUT/MANselector is foreseen in place of the button. In version D the buttons have themeaning of AUTOMATIC1 and AUTOMATIC2. The AUT/MAN selector isalways present for the potentiometric Automatic/Manual switchover for theactive channel (1 or 2). With the machine set on STOP (DE-ENERGIZATION

    button on) the switch from Aut to Man or from AUT1 to AUT2 is alwayspossible, whereas when the machine is excited (EXCITATION button on) the

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    switch is only possible after the alignment has been obtained and after arequest has been made by means of the button related to the requiredchannel. The required reservation is stored by the first request sent. Switchesand reservations can be made through similar remote controls.

    2. Manual regulator on . When the Manual button is on, this means that themanual regulator is active. The switchover to the automatic regulator occursthrough a request made by means of the automatic button. To return to themanual regulation the manual button must be pressed. As in the previouscase, the Automatic/Manual switchover is immediate in the STOP status,while in the START status it can only occur if the requested regulator is not inanomalous conditions and the regulators are aligned. If the required channelis not available the reservation is not accepted. The switchover and thereservation for switching over to manual mode can be made through similarremote controls.

    3. Drop-out . With the drop-out button on, the machine is in STOP status. Withthe machine operating and this button activated, the system is de-energized.This function is active also from remote stations through a command locatedon a suitable terminal board.

    4. Excitation . With the excitation button on, the exciter is working. The actionof this button is active from the exciters panel only if the controls are set toLOCAL mode. The excitation control is active also from remote stations, withthe selector on REMOTE and through a command located on a suitableterminal board.

    5. Minimum limit switch (Decrease button). This button switches on whenthe preset minimum static reference is reached. The displayed minimum limitswitch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automaticregulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manualmode.

    6. Maximum limit switch (Increase button). This button switches on whenthe preset maximum static reference is reached. The displayed maximum limitswitch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automaticregulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manual

    mode.

    7. Q zero setting active . The request to set the reactive power Q to zero isexecuted through the related button and sent and accepted by the regulationonly if the mode is Automatic and the machine is in parallel (52G switchclosed). The request can also be made from a remote station by means of apulse command. A command enables the function and the following disablesit. The zero setting active status is signaled by the switching on of the zerosetting request button. The function is disabled upon request by means of thesame button - which therefore has the double enable/disable function - or byswitching over to manual or by opening the parallel switch.

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    8. Equalizing active . The request of machine voltage / mains voltageequalizing is executed by means of the Equalizing button located on the frontpanel (with commands in LOCAL mode). The request can also be sent fromremote stations by means of the related control on the terminal board. Whenthe request is accepted the button switches on and such acceptance is

    subject to the following conditions: automatic mode, parallel switch open. Theswitchover to manual or the closing of the parallel switch cause the request tobe disabled. Similarly to the Q zero setting function, the button has an enable

    / disable function.

    13.2 Panel Signals

    1. Excitation switch closed . When the LED is on, excitation switch 52E (ifpresent) is closed.

    2. Parallel switch closed . When the LED is on, parallel switch 52G is closed.

    3. Overexcitation . When the LED is on, the overexcitation limit is active andthe machine is working under limit conditions.

    4. Underexcitation . When the LED is on, the underexcitation limit is activeand the machine is working under limit conditions.

    5. Stator current limit . The machine current limit has been reached and themachine is working under limit conditions.

    6. V/Hz limit . The Volt/Herz limit is operating and the machine is under limitconditions to reduce excitation and therefore the machine flow.

    7. Power supply anomaly . If the LED is on, one of the following circuits isfaulty: primer, 110 V, buffer, 220V auxiliary circuits.

    8. Excitation shutdown . If the LED is on, the exciters shutdown commandhas been given.

    9. Anomaly of the Automatic Regulator . If this LED is on, the automaticregulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: machine

    feedback anomaly (minimum value of the machine voltage or failure in thefeedback circuit), maximum ceiling time (the control signal remains at itsmaximum value for over 5 seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (incase of a dedicated power supply to the automatic channel), chopperanomaly (in case of a configuration with 2 choppers with one chopperdedicated to the automatic channel and one to the manual channel),maximum current (the maximum current value of the automatic channel hasbeen exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown).

    10. Anomaly of the Manual Regulator . If this LED is on, the manualregulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: maximumceiling time (the control signal remains at its maximum value for over 5

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    seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (in case of a dedicated powersupply to the manual channel), chopper anomaly (in case of a configurationwith 2 choppers with one chopper dedicated to the automatic channel and oneto the manual channel), maximum current (the maximum current value of themanual channel has been exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown).

    11. Pre-excitation failed . When the primer circuit is used for the excitation ofthe generator, the alarm is displayed if no excitation current flow has beenrecorded within one second of the start command or if 70% of the machinevoltage is not reached within 5 seconds of the start command.

    12. Untimely drop-out . This alarm is given if the parallel switch is closedwhen the START commands are absent and the 52E switch is closed (ifpresent).

    13. Anomaly of the machine rotation . This is signaled if the machinevoltage is lower than 5% of the nominal value or if the machine feedbackcircuit is interrupted.

    14. Maximum ceiling time . This signal is common to both the Automatic andthe Manual channel and warns that the control signal to the chopper remainedat its maximum value for over 5 second.

    15. 24V anomaly . Anomaly in the 24V power supply to the electronics.

    16. Maximum excitation current . The maximum excitation current threshold

    has been exceeded. This protection acts simultaneously on both channels.17. Chopper failure . A failure has been detected in one of the choppers. Thissignal is due to one of the following causes: high chopper temperature,chopper short circuit, no power supply to the chopper.

    18. Commands from DCS . It warns that the commands for the referencesignal set for the machine voltage or for the regulation signal for the set cos value, or both, are managed by DCS or by a computer through a 4-20mAcommand.

    19. Anomaly of the DCS commands . This indicates an anomaly in the signalfrom the computer: current value lower than 4 mA. In this case the control isautomatically assumed by the regulator.

    20. Cos regulation activated . The regulator works in cos regulation mode.

    13.3 Signals available on Input Interface

    All the commands to be sent to the regulator come from two interface cardsconnected to the ITI card by means of two flat cables (H and M). The followingsignals can be sent:

    a) Flat H

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    RL01-START : excitation command active on 1. It must be a fixed-typecommand.RL02-Q41-1 ON : signal of the chopper 1 output contactor status. Set to 1 withcontactor closed.RL03-Q41-2 ON : signal of the chopper 2 output contactor status. Set to 1 withcontactor closed.RL04 - PLUS AUT/REG1 : command set to 1 for the choice of automatic orautomatic 1 regulator in the Double Automatic version.RL05 - PLUS MAN/REG2 : command set to 1 for the choice of the manual orautomatic 2 regulator in the Double Automatic version.RL06 - RICH COS : command set to 1 for the request of activation of thecos regulation.RL07 - PLUS AUM : command set to 1 for the increase static referencerequest (both for automatic and for manual channel).RL08 - PLUS DIM : command set to 1 for the decrease static referencerequest (both for automatic and for manual channel).RL09 - AUM COS : command set to 1 for the cos reference increase requestRL10 - DIM COS : command set to 1 for the cos reference decrease requestRL11 - RICH EG : command set to 1 for the voltage equalizing request. It canbe both of pulse and of fixed type. In the first case it works at every pulse asenable/disable, in the second case a fixed signal set to 1 requests theactivation of the function while a signal set to zero requests the de-activation.The choice of the type of operation is reflected on the jumper customization tobe made inside the PLT* card.RL12 - RICH AZZ Q : pulse command set to 1 for the enable/disable request

    of reactive power zero setting.RL13 - RCHT2 : signal set to 1 for the request of operation of the secondchopper.RL14 - COS /Q: regulation choice, 1 for the cos regulation, 0 for theoperation with Q = constant.RL15 - C52G ON : signal set to 1 with parallel switch 52G closed.RL16 - A/M (sel) : choice of the automatic operation, 1, or manualpotentiometric operation, 0. Such selector-type command is used in versionsA and D. In the other versions it must always be set to 1.

    b) Flat M

    RL01 - COMPOUND ON : compound on command active on 1. It must be afixed-type command.RL02 - ESCL PSS : stabilizing signal disable command active on 1.RL03 - 2 GRAD : command active on 1 for the activation of the second stepfor the overexcitation limit performed on the excitation current.RL04-I = K1 : command set to 1 for the 1 level constant current operationRL05-I = K2 : command set to 1 for the 2 level constant current operationRL06 - LKM : command set to 0 for the motor operationRL07 - EG REM : command set to 1 for the remote equalizing request with

    choice between machine/mains or reference/mains equalizing.RL08 - 60 Hz : command set to 1 for the request of a 60 Hz operation

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    RL09 - COMP P/N : command set to 1 for operation with positive compound,set to 0 for operation with negative compound.RL10 - 52E ON : signal set to 1 with excitation switch closed (if present)RL11 - DCS-1 ON : command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for thesetup of the voltage reference.RL12 - DCS-2 ON : command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for thesetup of the operating value with cos regulation.RL13 - CICCHETTO OFF : signal on 1 for the request of operation withoutprimer start sequence.RL14 - AVAILABLERL15 - AVAILABLERL16 - AVAILABLE

    13.4 Signals available on Output Interface

    All the signals of the operation or alarm statuses of the regulator (16 + 16signals) are available on the output interface connected to the output relaycards by means of two flat cables H and M. Below is the list of the availablesignals:

    a) Flat H

    RL01 - AUT/MAN : output relay excited if the regulator is in automatic mode;relay dropped out if in manual mode.RL02 - COS /INS : relay excited with cos regulation activeRL03 - FCMAX : relay excited when maximum limit switch is reached.

    RL04 - FCMIN : relay excited when minimum limit switch is reached.RL05 - COS MAX : relay excited when maximum limit switch of the cos regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cos maximumlimit switch and of the static reference maximum limit switch.RL06 - COS MIN : relay excited when minimum limit switch of the cos regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cos minimumlimit switch and of the static reference minimum limit switch.RL07 - SOTTOECC : relay excited under underexcitation limit conditions.RL08 - SOVRAECC : relay excited under overexcitation limit conditions.RL09 - LIMI V/Hz : relay excited under V/Hz limit conditions.RL10 - ANCHT : relay excited in case of chopper anomalyRL11 - Q41-1 ON : relay excited to command the closure of chopper 1 outputcontactor.RL12 - Q41-2 ON : relay excited to command the closure of chopper 2 outputcontactor.RL13 - ANOM REG AUT : relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of theautomatic regulator.RL14 - ANOM REG MAN : relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of themanual regulatorRL15 - BLOCCO ECCIT : relay dropped out to command the excitationshutdown.

    RL16 - CICCHETTO ON : relay excited to command the closure of the pre-excitation contactor.

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    b) Flat M

    RL01 - TMAX CEIL : relay excited to signal the maximum ceiling time.RL02 - ANOM VM : relay excited to signal a machine feedback anomaly.RL03 - IECC MAX : relay excited to signal the activation of the maximumexcitation current protectionRL04 - SEQ ERRATA : relay excited to signal the activation of the workingsequence or the untimely drop-out protection.RL05 - CHT1ON : relay excited to signal that chopper 1 is workingRL06 - DCS FAULT : relay excited to signal a DCS control anomaly.RL07 - ANOM ALIM : relay excited to signal a 24 V power supply anomaly.RL08 - EG INS : relay excited to signal the activation of the equalizing functionRL09 - EG RAGG : relay excited to signal the equalizing completion.RL10 - MIN FREQ : relay dropped out to signal the operation due to minimumfrequency.RL11 - MANCATA PREECC : relay dropped out to signal the operation due towrong pre-excitation sequence.RL12 - AN CHT1 : relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 1.RL13 - AN CHT2 : relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 2.RL14 - AZZ Q INS : relay excited to signal the activation of the Q zero settingfunction.RL15 - AZZ Q RAGG : relay excited to signal the completion of the Q zerosetting.RL16 - CHT2ON : relay excited to signal that chopper 2 is operating.

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    14. Regulation Cards

    14.1 Regulators Configuration

    The regulator is available in the following configurations:

    A) Potentiometric Automatic / ManualB) Automatic / Manual with TrackingC) Independent Automatic / ManualD) Double Automatic

    The possible configurations can be identified through the following codes:

    A11: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 1 powersupplyA21: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 1 powersupplyA12: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 powersuppliesA22: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 powersuppliesB11: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 1 chopper + 1 power supplyB21: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 2 choppers + 1 power supplyC12: Independent Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 power suppliesC22: Independent Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 powersupplies

    D11: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 1 power supplyD12: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies

    Below is the list of the regulators components in the various configurationswith reference to cards, power supply and choppers.

    CHOPPER POT AUT/ AUT./MAN WITH SEPARATE DOUBLECARDS MAN. (A) TRACKING (B) AUT/MAN. (C)

    AUTOMATIC (D)

    VCR YES YES YES YES

    VCRR* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.PLT YES YES YES YESPLT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.VHL* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.COS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.RCOS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.PSS* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.ITI YES YES YES YESITO YES YES YES YESRCI NO YES YES YESALI1 YES YES YES YESALI2 OPT. OPT. YES OPT.

    CHT1 YES YES YES YESCHT2 OPT. OPT. OPT. NO

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    ITR1 YES YES YES YESITR2 NO NO OPT. NOSDR1* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.SDR2* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.TCHT* OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.

    Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions.- VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control- RCOS: card for cos regulator with computer or remote control- PSS: stabilizing signal card- COS/VHL: card for cos and V/Hz regulator

    14.2 Power Supplies Configuration

    Below is the list of power supply connections to be set up on the back panel.

    VERSION BACK PANEL CONNECTIONS

    A1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1(01)

    A2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1(01) (42)

    B1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1(01) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1

    B2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1(01) (42) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1

    C1) ALI1+ALI2 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1(01) (42) SPM-SPM1 SNM-SNM1 PSPM-PSPM1

    D1) ALI1 SPA-SPA1 SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1(01) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1

    D2) ALI1+ALI2 SPAMC-SPA1 SNAMC-SNA1 PSPAMC-PSPA1

    (01) (42) SPAMC-SPM1 SNAMC-SNM1 PSPAMC-PSPM1

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    14.3 Choppers Configuration

    This configuration refers only to the setup to be made on the power unit andon the 24Vdc power supply for the fan inside the chopper. For currents up to20A no added connection is necessary, while for the 30A chopper (equipped

    with fan) the choppers (or choppers) terminal bz24 is to be connected to PSPand respectively:

    VERSION BACK PANELCONNECTIONS

    A1) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMCA2) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMC

    CHT 2 (67) bz24(CHT2)-PSPAMCA3) CHT1 (49) bz24(CHT1)-PSPA1

    CHT2 (67) bz24(CHT2)-PSPM1

    Version A1 has only one chopper, independently on the configuration of theregulation.Version A2 has two choppers, one is the back-up of the other, with noreference to the configuration of the regulation.Version A3 has two choppers of which one dedicated to the Automaticchannel and the other to the Manual channel.

    14.4 Regulators Cards

    Below is the card arrangement in the regulation rack. The arrangementincludes all cards, power supplies and choppers that can be present in themaximum configuration. The sizes refer to a 19 rack with Europe 2 formatcards.

    AL1 VCRR PLT RCOS PSS ITI ITO ALI2 CHT1CHT2

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    14.4.1 VCRR Card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/HzConversion, Computer Control

    Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12

    J1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1J2 * * * * * * * * * *J3 * * * * * * * * * *J4 * * * * * * * * * *J7 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2J8 * * * * * * * * * *J9 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2J10 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1J11 ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFFJ12 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2J13 * * * * * * * * * *J14 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON ONJ15 * * * * * * * * * *J16 * * * * * * * * * *

    J1 : on for reset at start. Always on.J2 : activation of capacitor C3. Normally not activated, the behaviour in

    automatic mode must be checked. It may be activated only in theBrushless version.

    J3 : Static (0-2) or Brushless (0-1) choice.J4 : V/Hz limit: 50 Hz (OFF), 60 Hz (0-1).

    J7 : activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. Normally on.J8 : STAB signal sending to the RCOS or VHL card. On only with V/Hzoption.

    J9 : t selects the channel that controls the potentiometric A/M synchronizingvoltmeter.

    J10 : enable of the +GPG* (H21A) signal. Presently not used. It can be usedwhen it is necessary to have a complete separation of the Aut. andMan. control command acting on the same route without passingthrough the PLT card.

    J11 : it is used to send the error signal between Aut. and Man. in Aut/Manversion to the RCI card for the regulators tracking. It is set to ON only

    in the A and B versions while in the other versions it is OFF.J12 : activation / deactivation of the Tf constant. It is always set on 0-2.J13 : it is used to send the lim V/Hz signal. It is set on 0-1 in Brushless

    applications and on 0-2 in static applications.J14 : it activates the Dvcon signal for the offset of Aut/Man control voltages;

    it is off in potentiometric Man/Aut mode.J15 : signal of shutdown for minimum frequency. It is set on 0-2 if this

    protection is not to be activated, otherwise it is set on 0-1.J16 : with the jumper off it is possible to set the minimum value for the

    instrument indicating the voltage reference outside. With the jumper on,the minimum value is 0.

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    14.4.2 VCR card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/HzConversion

    Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12

    J1 * * * * * * * * * *J2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1J3A 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2J4 * * * * * * * * * *J5 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1J6 * * * * * * * * * *J7 OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFFJ8 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2J9 * * * * * * * * * *J10 * * * * * * * * * *

    J1 : activation / deactivation of capacitor C23. Normally not activated, thebehaviour of the automatic regulator must be checked. It may benecessary only in the Brushless version.

    J2 : on for reset at start. Always on 0-1.J3 : activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. When the V/Hz function is on it

    must be set to 0-2.J3A : activation of the Tf constant in the voltage regulator. It is always set

    on 0-2.J4 : choice of the type of excitation: 0-2 static, 0-1 for Brushless.J5 : activation of the Dvcon signal: when the regulator works as a Slave it is

    used to adjust the control signal to the Aut/Man error.J6 : on when set on 0-1 in the 60 Hz applications and with the V/Hz functionon.

    J7 : choice of the ERRAUT/MAN signal to be sent to the J5 jumper. Inversion A it is OFF, in version B it is set to 0-2, while in versions C andD it is OFF. In version B the ERRAUT/MAN (L7A) signal is an outputsignal, while in versions C and D it is the input of the signal from thetracking card.

    J8 : the choice is made to send the signal to the synchronizing voltmeter. Inversion A it is the only output for the synchronizing voltmeter and it isused to check the alignment of the automatic and potentiometric

    manual channels, therefore the jumper is always set to 0-2. In versionsB and C it is not used and therefore is set to 0-1, while in the DoubleAutomatic version it is set to 0-2 as it is used to send the test phasesignal to a single synchronizing voltmeter.

    J9 : it is set to 0-2 to send the STAB signal to the COS/VHL or RCOS card.It is on only when the V/Hz limit function is required, otherwise it isOFF.

    J10 : it is set to 0-1 if the V/Hz shutdown signal for minimum frequency isused, otherwise it is set to 0-1. If the V/Hz function is not used it mustbe set to 0-2.

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    14.4.3 RCOS Card: Cos / Q Regulator with Potentiometric, Remote orComputer Command. V/Hz Limit.

    Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12

    J1 * * * * * * * * * *J1A * * * * * * * * * *J2 * * * * * * * * * *J3 * * * * * * * * * *J5 * * * * * * * * * *J6 * * * * * * * * * *J7 * * * * * * * * * *J8 * * * * * * * * * *J9 * * * * * * * * * *J10 * * * * * * * * * *

    All the jumpers in this card depend on the function and not on the regulatorsconfiguration.

    J1 : cos reference controlled by the Rifcosout signal: this signal is usedonly when the computer control option is available and the controlsignal is to be converted from the computer signal or from the localpotentiometric signal. In this case J1 must be on. With J1 off, thecontrol comes from the J3 jumper. This is the case in remote controlthrough the cos increase / decrease buttons or from thepotentiometer.

    J1A : choice of the minimum value of the reference set when operating froma computer. On 0-1 it gives a negative reference that is added to theone coming from the computer. On 0-2 the reference is positive and issubtracted from the computer reference.

    J2 : when set to ON it accelerates the Increase / Decrease commands ofthe reference. It is normally set to OFF.

    J3 : choice of the reference from potentiometer (0-1) or from remote station(0-2).

    J5 : reset of the reference with STOP. The reference starts from the presetvalue at every START command. Normally it is ON.

    J6 : Decrease button. On 0-1 it is common to the decrease button of thevoltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands ofthe rheostat and of the cos regulator), while on 0-2 the commandcomes from a separate button.

    J7 : Increase button. On 0-1 it is common to the increase button of thevoltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands ofthe rheostat and of the cos regulator), while on 0-2 the commandcomes from a separate button.

    J8 : cos reference minimum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common tothe voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate.

    J9 : cos reference maximum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common to

    the voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate.

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    J10 : LKM. With the jumper on, the generator / motor function is remotelycontrolled. With the jumper off it always works as a generator.

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    14.4.4 PLT Card: Protections, Logics and Conversion

    Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12

    J1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-1J2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ONJ4 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1J5 * * * * * * * * * *J6 * * * * * * * * * *J7 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2J8 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ONJ9 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1

    J1 : selection of the number of power supplies in the regulation: if only onepower supply is present the jumper must be set to 0-2, if two powersupplies are present it must be set to 0-1.

    J2 : it is on only in Double Automatic version in order to control theconsistency of the two feedback machine voltage signals and allows forthe possibility to order the channel switchover. In the other versions it isOFF.

    J4 : choice of activation of Excitation Shutdown when the regulation is inManual mode and a manual anomaly occurs. In all Aut / Man versionsthe jumper is set to 0-2, while in the Double Automatic version it is setto 0-1.

    J5 : choice of the limit signal to be sent to the voltage regulator, on 0-1 the

    limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed onP and Q of the synchronous machine.J6 : choice of the limit signal to be sent to the output interface, on 0-1 the

    limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed onP and Q of the synchronous machine.

    J7 : it enables the machine voltage signal. In the Double Automatic versionthe M/S (Master / Slave) signal establishes which of the two regulatorsis enabled to send the machine voltage signal to the instrument. In theother versions the jumper is always set to 0-1.

    J8 : it is on only in the Double Automatic version as the power supplyanomaly causes a channel switchover and not a shutdown (in the

    independent Aut / Man version the anomaly of a power supply to achannel makes the channel itself faulty and causes the switchover tothe back-up channel; this happens in the configuration with two powersupplies, in the Double Automatic version, in the version with 1 powersupply per channel; the switchover signal and not the shutdown signalis to be sent).

    J9 : choice of the P signal to be sent to the underexcitation limit circuit. It isgenerally set to 0-1.

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    14.4.5 PLT* Card: Equalizing, Pre-excitation Logic, Chopper Switch

    Jx A11 A21 A12 A22 B11 B21 C12 C22 D11 D12

    J1 * * * * * * * * * *J4 * * * * * * * * * *J4A * * * * * * * * * *J5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ONJ6 * * * * * * * * * *J7 * * * * * * * * * *J8 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON ONJ9 * * * * * * * * * *J10 * * * * * * * * * *J11 * * * * * * * * * *

    J1 : on 0-1 the choice of the equalizing function RIFAUT or VM is enabled(to be executed with remote control). On 0-2 the choice is between VMand VM* so as to allow the equalizing between two different points (forinstance between mains and generator or between mains and boostingtransformer).

    J4 : it enables the equalizing conditioned by 52E closed and START. Withthe jumper on the equalizing is possible only under the above-mentioned conditions, with the jumper off it is enough that the regulatoris in Automatic mode and 52G open. The disconnection occursautomatically when the 52G switch is closed or when the mode is

    switched to Manual.J4A : for the equalizing request: if it is of fixed type it must be OFF, if it is ofpulse type is must be ON.

    J5 : it is alwa